人工濕地係利用濕地生態服務功能中之淨化水質能力，有效去除污水中部分污染物質。而人工濕地中所栽植之水生植物種類大多採用蘆葦及香蒲等淡水水生植物協助人工濕地淨化水質，因此對於含鹽份污水或海水養殖廢水較不適用。因此，本研究將探究以耐鹽份海岸鹽沼植物種-互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)做為栽植於人工濕地之水生植物，處理含鹽分之生活污水。互花米草在國內被認定為強勢外來入侵種，因其在海岸泥灘地具有強大的生命力與適應力，擠壓了原生種海岸植物的生存空間。然而國外亦有相關研究指出，互花米草對於污水中之有機物及營養鹽具有降解之效果。本研究將使用採集自高美濕地之互花米草，作為地下流人工濕地模槽之主要物種，將經污水廠處理後之二級放流水，調整不同鹽度後澆灌其中，觀察其生長狀況後，取各模槽之出流水進行水質分析。第一階段實驗為為期一個月的預實驗，藉由逐步增加放流水的鹽度，觀察互花米草是否能適應含鹽環境，並記錄水質之現場監測值；第二階段為出流水水質分析，使用批次流的方式，分析出流水中營養鹽濃度之變化和去除率，之後添加有機碳(果糖)並增加總碳的分析；第三階段將改為連續流之方式，使本研究更加接近自然狀態下之情況。第二階段中，植物組和空白組皆在第3天時，均已去除96%以上的正磷與總磷，總氮的濃度則是空白組與植物組有明顯之差距，空白組最高僅去除30%，植物組最高則可去除91%，且添加果糖時比無添加時去除率還高。第三階段中，植物組的正磷與總磷去除率，無論添加有機碳與否皆比空白組低；總氮的去除率，植物組在未添加有機碳及添加大量有機碳時比空白組低，添加少量有機碳時比空白組高。結果顯示，在有機碳缺乏的情況下，互花米草的水質處理效果較佳。

Constructed wetlands (CWs) can effectively remove pollutants from water environment. Most of the species planted in constructed wetlands, which may assist the function of water purification of wetlands, are freshwater hydrophytes, such as reeds and cattails that are not suitable for treating saline wastewater or mariculture wastewater. Therefore, in this study we will investigate the use of salt-tolerant salt marsh species of Spartina alterniflora as the hydrophyte planted in CWs to treat the domestic wastewater containing high salinity. S. alterniflora has been identified as harmful exotic species, due to its strong vitality and adaptability on coastal mudflats, resulting in invading the habitats of native hydrophyte species. However, some studies pointed out that S. alterniflora has the ability to degrade organic matter and nutrients in wastewater. In this study, S. alterniflora collected from Gaomei Wetland were used as the main hydrophyte species in the lab scale SSFCW microcosms, and fed by the secondary treated effluent from the campus WWTP of NSYSU, which were adjusted into different salinities, and then we observed the growth status and analyze the effluent from the CWs. In the first test run of the experiments, we observed whether S. alterniflora could adapt to saline environment by gradually increasing the salinity, while in the second test run, a batch type of CW systems were used to analyze the effluent of the S. alterniflora. In the third test run, it was changed into continuous flow from the CW systems in order to make the study more similar to the nature state. The experimental result showed that the CW systems vegetated with S. alterniflora could remove 96% of the phosphate and 91% of the TN, while in the third test run, it was found that the non-vegetated CW systems performed better than the vegetated ones.

致謝 i
摘要 ii
目錄 v
第一章 前言 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.2 研究目標與方法流程 2
第二章 文獻回顧 5
2.1本實驗使用植物之基本介紹 5
2.2 濕地概論 7
2.2.1濕地定義 7
2.2.2濕地的種類 9
2.2.3濕地的功能 10
2.3人工濕地系統 12
2.3.1表面流人工濕地(Free Water Surface Flow Constructed Wetland, FWS) 13
2.3.2地下流人工濕地(Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland, SSF) 14
2.4人工濕地污染物去除機制 16
2.4.1氮的去除機制 20
2.4.2磷的去除機制 21
2.5 案例介紹 23
第三章 材料與方法 28
3.1系統設計 28
3.1.1第一階段 預實驗 28
3.1.2第二階段 批次流實驗 29
3.1.3第三階段 連續流實驗 29
3.2儀器設備及分析方法 29
3.2.1採樣及運送保存 30
3.2.2水樣項目分析方法 31
第四章 結果與討論 34
4.1第一階段 預實驗 34
4.1.1水溫 34
4.1.2鹽度及導電度 36
4.1.3 pH值 39
4.1.4溶氧 41
4.2第二階段 批次流實驗 43
4.2.1正磷酸鹽濃度變化及去除率 43
4.2.2總磷濃度變化及去除率 49
4.2.3亞硝酸鹽濃度變化及去除率 55
4.2.4硝酸鹽濃度變化及去除率 61
4.2.5氨氮濃度變化及去除率 68
4.2.6有機氮濃度變化及去除率 74
4.2.7總氮濃度變化及去除率 80
4.2.8總有機碳濃度變化及去除率 86
4.3第三階段 連續流實驗 89
4.3.1正磷酸鹽濃度變化及去除率 89
4.3.2總磷濃度變化及去除率 92
4.3.3亞硝酸鹽濃度變化及去除率 94
4.3.4硝酸鹽濃度變化及去除率 97
4.3.5氨氮濃度變化及去除率 100
4.3.6有機氮濃度變化及去除率 103
4.3.7總氮濃度變化及去除率 106
4.3.8總有機碳濃度變化及去除率 109
4.4統計分析 112
4.4.1批次流實驗 112
4.4.2連續流實驗 117
第五章 結論與建議 120
5.1結論 120
5.2建議 121
第六章 參考資料 123
附錄(一)SPSS統計分析(雙尾檢定) 127
附錄(二)SPSS統計分析(單尾檢定) 146
附錄(三)互花米草生長照片 184

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