台灣條紋球馬陸(Hyleoglomeris vittata)為台灣特有種，分類上屬於球馬陸目Glomerida、球馬陸科Glomeridae、Hyleoglomeris屬，分布於海平面至海拔2000公尺以上的山區。由於其移動能力低、活動力又不強，加上台灣地形地貌從五百萬年前形成開始就未曾停止改變，都可能反應在遺傳結構上。因此，了解其野外族群的遺傳結構是有一定的重要性的，而馬陸的分類大部分是依賴雄性的生殖肢，但形態特徵不易區分的近緣種或隱蔽種(cryptic species)，分子生物技術可作為輔助解決分類問題的有力工具。本研究利用粒線體16S rDNA與COI片段以及核基因28S rDNA作為分子遺傳標記，建構親緣關係樹，並分析族群結構與歷史動態，進而探討台灣條紋球馬陸族群的分布，是否與台灣的山脈分布有關。研究樣本一共分析12個地區、35隻個體，結果顯示粒線體基因(16S和COI)的親緣關係樹可將各地區族群分為四個系群，分別為雪山山脈、中央山脈、南投信義鄉與台灣北部低海拔系群；然而核基因的親緣關係樹(28S)卻無明顯的分化。雖然以粒線體序列所計算出的遺傳距離高(最大約18%)，顯示各地族群的基因流遭受限制，但核基因尚未分化，表示未有隱蔽種出現。由粒線體基因(16S)分子時鐘推估在台灣島上族群分化時間約為一百一十萬年前左右，推測原因可能是更新世冰河時期，因海平面下降，祖先族群經由陸橋從台灣北部往南擴散，之後因地形隔離產生遺傳分化。在AMOVA分析結果得到台灣條紋球馬陸族群的變異來自各系群之間，並非來自群族內的個體，因此推測台灣條紋球馬陸族群分布與山脈的隔離有程度上的相關。

Pill-millipedes with limited dispersal abilities are ideal organisms to study phylogeographical patterns and evolutionary processes. Hyleoglomeris vittata is the most widespread species amongst the glomerids in Taiwan. This study aims to understand the geographic variation of populations of H. vittata, and to detect possible cryptic species resulting from the possible genetic isolation. I used mitochondrial partial 16S rDNA and COI genes as well as partial nuclear 28S rDNA to exam the population genetic patterns and phylogenetics in H. vittata collected from mountain ranges of Taiwan. My results showed that H. vittata populations can be grouped into four lieages: Shueshan mountain range (SS), Central mountain range (CM), Xinyi township (XY) and low altitudes of northern Taiwan (LN). The data suggest that the population of H. vittata is highly differentiation and geographic barriers may cause the genetic isolation of H. vittata. However, the analysis of 28S rDNA revealed little genetic variation within H. vittata from Taiwan and suggest that no cryptic species exists in this species.

論文審定書i
致謝ii
摘要iii
Abstract iv
Contents v
Figure Legend vi
Table Legend viii
Introduction 1
Materials and Methods 6
Results 11
Discussion 15
Literature Cited 21
Figures 31
Tables 52

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