因糧食需求增加，人類開始從富含磷的礦石中萃取磷酸鹽，經加工後用於農地施肥以增加農作物收成，在過程中已破壞了磷在地球上的自然循環。當來自土壤侵蝕的磷、人類及動物排泄物中的磷，再加上各種點源、非點源污染物，藉由空氣或土壤進入到河川、湖泊及海洋等自然水體，提供藻類豐富的營養源，造成水體優養化，使藻類大量繁殖，當藻類大量死亡時則會消耗水中溶氧，更嚴重可能形成死亡水域(Hypoxia)，並使漁業資源耗竭。
近年來，將淨水污泥或高爐石於實驗室中或實際應用於溼地中吸附磷酸鹽之案例日漸增多，雖可減緩水體優養化的問題，亦為此兩種製程副產物另闢一條再利用途徑。但由於淨水污泥結構鬆散，而高爐石在水中或土壤中會釋出大量鹼性。且此兩種材料吸附磷酸鹽後，並無法回歸至自然界中使用，對於資源永續並無實質幫助。
本研究利用直潭淨水廠淨水程序所產出的淨水污泥(Sludge)，以及中鋼煉鋼製程副產物之一的高爐石(BFS)，將兩者以不同比例混合後加入去離子水，分別摻入木炭或發泡煉石增加試體孔隙率，再透過高溫燒結程序強化試體結構，於水樣中吸附磷酸鹽。根據本研究燒結試驗結果，將燒結的升溫速率定為每分鐘15°C、燒結最終溫度為1100°C，可提供試體較高的孔隙率及較結實的試體強度，並增加其吸、脫附效率。孔隙率試驗結果顯示A、B、C、D各試體孔隙率依序為28.44%、38.40%、31.49%、34.62%；每公克試體可吸附磷酸鹽量分別為1.88 mg、3.83 mg、2.10 mg、2.33 mg等；10分鐘滴濾試驗(重複7次之平均值)的脫附量若換算為每公克A、B、C、D試體每24小時可脫附磷酸鹽最佳效率，依序為0.037 mg (pH=4.5)、0.405 mg (自來水，pH=7.46)、0.054 mg (pH=6.0)、0.086 mg (pH=4.5)。各項試驗中吸、脫附效率最好的B試體配比為20 g淨水污泥、10 g高爐石及10 g木炭。結果亦顯示若試體孔隙率愈高，則吸附效率愈好，滴濾時的脫附效率也愈好。而滴濾水樣的pH值對磷酸鹽脫附效率並無顯著的影響。

Due to increasing demand of food, extracting phosphate from rocks containing rich phosphorus as fertilizer to increase crop yields become necessary. However, the phosphorus cycle in nature has been destroyed by the high demand of extraction. Phosphorus from soil erosion, domestic, agriculture and industrial source transmitted through air or soil into nature water body, such as river, lake, ocean, provide nutrients to algae causing eutrophication and even algae blooms. These not only can deplete oxygen, even hypoxia, and can exhaust fishery resources.
In recent years, researches on using water treatment sludge or BFS to adsorb phosphate in laboratory or application in wetlands have been reported. Which open another way to reusing these two by-products. Although they can reduce the problem of eutrophication, the structure of water treatment sludge is loose and the BFS releases high alkalinity in water or soil. For sustainability these two materials can’t be reused when they reach saturation of adsorption.
In the study, we use the water treatment sludge from water supply treatment process by Zhitan Purification Plant and the BFS is a by-product from steel-making process by China Steel Corporation. Mixing these materials with different ratio and add DI-water for making the test composites. Increasing porosity of the composites by adding charcoal or hydroclay. The test sample’s strength will be stronger through the high temperature sinter process. After that put the sample into water sample for tests phosphate adsorptions. According to the sinter test results, we set the rate of raise temperature at 15°C/min, the final sinter temperature is 1100°C. The process can provide higher porosity, stronger strength and increase the adsorption and desorption efficiency of the test samples. The results of porosity test show that A、B、C、D sample is 28.44%、38.40%、31.49%、34.62%, respectively. The phosphate adsorption capacity is 1.88 mg/g、3.83 mg/g、2.10 mg/g、2.33 mg/g, respectively. The desorption capacity of phosphate in trickling test for 10 minutes each test(an average of repeat 7 times) in 24 hours (pH of the highest desorption capacity) is 0.037 mg/g (pH=4.5)、0.405 mg/g (tap water，pH=7.46)、0.054 mg/g (pH=6.0)、0.086 mg/g (pH=4.5), respectively. Results of this study show that the porosity dominates the absorption capacity and desorption capacity. B sample have the best efficiency in adsorption and desorption test, the mixing ratio is 20 g sludge, 10 g BFS and 10 g charcoal. The pH value of trickle water has no significant impact to the efficiency of phosphate desorption.

論文審定書 i
謝誌 ii
摘要 iii
Abstract v
圖目錄 ix
表目錄 x
第一章 前言 1
1.1研究動機 1
1.2 研究目的 2
1.3 研究架構 3
第二章 文獻回顧 5
2.1自然界中的磷(Phosphorus) 5
2.1.1 磷循環(Phosphorus-Cycle) 7
2.1.2 磷污染 9
2.1.3 磷的去除機制 9
2.2淨水污泥(Sludge) 12
2.2.1 淨水污泥來源及特性 12
2.2.2淨水污泥相關吸附案例 14
2.3 高爐石(Blast Furnace Slag) 16
2.3.1 高爐石來源及特性 16
2.3.2高爐石相關吸附案例 18
2.4 燒結(Sinter) 20
2.4.1 燒結溫度及升溫速率之控制 20
2.4.2 孔隙率(Porosity) 22
2.5 脫附(Desorption) 22
第三章 材料與方法 25
3.1 材料介紹 25
3.1.1 淨水污泥(Sludge) 25
3.1.2 高爐石(Blast Furnace Slag) 27
3.1.3 木炭及發泡煉石 29
3.2 材料特性 30
3.3 試體製程 33
3.3.1 捏製成型(Shape) 33
3.3.2 燒結(Sinter) 34
3.4 使用設備與檢測方法 37
3.4.1 實驗藥品 37
3.4.2 實驗器材 38
3.4.3 採樣與保存 38
3.4.4 水質分析流程 39
3.5吸附試驗設計 40
3.6脫附試驗設計 41
第四章 結果與討論 43
4.1 燒結之變化 43
4.1.1 燒失量(Loss-on-ignition) 43
4.1.2 孔隙率(Porosity) 45
4.2 吸附試驗 47
4.2.1 原材料之吸附試驗 47
4.2.2 淨水污泥混合木炭之吸附試驗 49
4.2.3 不同混合配比之吸附試驗 51
4.3 脫附試驗 53
4.3.1 原材料之脫附試驗 53
4.3.2 不同混合配比之脫附試驗 55
4.3.3 試體綜合討論 65
第五章 結論與建議 68
5.1 結論 68
5.2 建議 69
參考文獻 70

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