本研究利用海研3號研究船，在2012年9月及12月於台灣西南海域採集水文資料及浮游動物樣本，藉此探討夏、冬兩季台灣西南海域仔稚魚之群聚結構及水文環境對物種分布的影響。台灣西南海域夏季由南海表層水主導，冬季則受黑潮支流所支配，其溫、鹽度及矽酸鹽在季節間呈現明顯的差異，但在測站及近、遠岸間的差異則不明顯。研究期間共發現仔稚魚56科79屬123種，其中，夏季發現32科43屬78種，冬季發現48科61屬107種。仔稚魚的總平均豐度為1510 ± 382 ind./1000 m3，其中，夏季的平均豐度為990 ± 382 ind./1000 m3，冬季為2034 ± 602 ind./ 1000 m3。仔稚魚不論是科數或物種數，冬季皆比夏季高，且有明顯的差異，但豐度沒有顯著的不同。仔稚魚主要的優勢種依序為眶燈魚屬A群、日本鯷、條馬鰏、犀鱈屬物種及七星底燈魚，其累積的相對豐度為37.67%。夏季的前5優勢種為日本鯷、多鱗沙鮻、白姑魚、條馬鰏及鯷科魚種，冬季為眶燈魚屬A群、犀鱈屬物種、條馬鰏、七星底燈魚及日本鯷，兩季之前5優勢種皆有日本鯷及條馬鰏，其他優勢魚種則隨季節更替而有所差異。

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between spatial distribution of larval fish assemblage and local hydrographic characteristics during two distinct monsoon seasons (the southwesternly monsoon in summer and the northeasternly monsoon in winter) in the waters southwest of Taiwan. We used the cruises of “R/V Ocean Researcher III” to collect zooplankton and hydrographic data in September and December, 2012. Succession of the water masses (South China Sea Surface Current in summer and Kuroshio Branch Current in winter) driven by monsoons may strongly influence the local hydrographic characteristics, such as the sea-surface temperature, salinity, and SiO2. In total, 123 taxa of larval fish, belonging to 79 genera and 56 families, were identified, with a mean abundance of 1510 ± 382 ind./1000 m3 during the study period. Among these, a total of 78 taxa of larval fish belonging to 43 genera and 32 families with a mean abundance of 990 ± 382 ind./1000 m3 were found in summer, and 107 taxa, 61 genera and 48 families with mean abundance of 2034 ± 602 ind./1000 m3 in winter. The families and species number were significantly higher in winter than in summer. Although the abundance of larval fish in the winter was higher than that in the summer, no significant difference was observed. The five predominant taxa of larval fish found in this study area were Diaphus A group, Engraulis japonicus, Equulites rivulatus, Bregmaceros sp., and Benthosema pterotum, together they accounted for 37.67% of the total larval fish catch. Seasonal variation in the species composition of larval fish was significant, some taxa only occurred with a peak abundance in a specific season. For example, Engraulis japonicus, Sillago sihama, Pennahia argentata, Equulites rivulatus, and unidentified Engraulidae dominated in summer, while Diaphus A group, Bregmaceros sp., Equulites rivulatus, Benthosema pterotum, and Engraulis japonicus were abundant in the winter. According to the results of this study, we suggested that the succession of the water masses driven by seasonal monsoon system may affect the distribution of larval fish in the waters southwest of Taiwan.

目錄
論文審定書..............................................................................................................i
謝詞........................................................................................................................ii
摘要........................................................................................................................iii
Abstract..................................................................................................................iv
目錄.......................................................................................................................vi
表目錄..................................................................................................................viii
圖目錄.....................................................................................................................x
附錄目錄................................................................................................................xii
壹、前言..................................................................................................................1
1-1 台灣西南海域地理及水文環境..........................................................................1
1-2 浮游性仔稚魚......................................................................................................2
1-3 台灣周遭海域仔稚魚相關文獻回顧..................................................................4
1-4 研究目的............................................................................................................5
貳、材料與方法.......................................................................................................7
2-1 採樣時間、地點及方法.......................................................................................7
2-2 樣本的處理與鑑種..............................................................................................7
2-3統計分析.............................................................................................................9
参、結果................................................................................................................11
3-1 水文環境.........................................................................................................11
3-2 仔稚魚豐度、科數、種類數、物種歧異度及均勻度之時空變化......................13
3-3 仔稚魚站群分析................................................................................................15
3-4 仔稚魚優勢種之時空變化................................................................................16
3-5 仔稚魚優勢種與環境因子之相關性................................................................18
肆、討論................................................................................................................19
4-1 水文環境因子探討............................................................................................19
4-2 仔稚魚種類組成及豐度分佈特徵....................................................................21
4-3 仔稚魚優勢物種之時空分佈............................................................................23
4-4 仔稚魚群聚與環境因子....................................................................................25
伍、結論................................................................................................................28
陸、參考文獻.........................................................................................................29

表目錄
表1. 2012年9月與12月台灣西南海域溫度、鹽度、葉綠素a、硝酸鹽、矽酸鹽、磷酸鹽及銨鹽於(A)季節、(B)測站及(C)近遠岸之變方分析(One-way ANOVA)。…………….............38
表2. 2012年9月與12月台灣西南海域之仔稚魚的前5個最優勢物種與豐度、科數、物種數、歧異度指數(H’)、均勻度指數(J’)及豐富度指數(d)於(A)季節、(B)測站、(C)近遠岸之變方分析(One-way ANOVA)。...........................................................................................39
表3. 2012年9月及12月台灣西南海域溫度(10 m)、鹽度(10 m)、葉綠素a(75 m平均)與浮游動物總豐度、仔稚魚豐度、物種數、歧異度指數(H’)、均勻度指數(J’)、豐富度指數(d)及前5個優勢物種豐度的平均值(± SE)。............................................................................40
表4. 2012年9月及12月台灣西南海域各測站群水文因子(溫度、鹽度、葉綠素a、硝酸鹽、矽酸鹽、磷酸鹽及銨鹽)之平均值(分別依據圖4及圖5)。……………..............................41
表5. 2012年9月台灣西南海域仔稚魚優勢物種(相對豐度>1%)之平均豐度(± SE, ind./1000 m3)、相對豐度(RA, %)、出現率(OC, %)及平均長度(± SE, mm)。...............................42
表6. 2012年12月台灣西南海域仔稚魚優勢物種(相對豐度>1%)之平均豐度(± SE, ind./1000 m3)、相對豐度(RA, %)、出現率(OC, %)及平均長度(± SE, mm)。……........................43
表7. 2012年9月台灣西南海域各仔稚魚測站群的相似度百分比分析(SIMPER)，平均豐度(MA)、物種貢獻度百分比(C, %)及群集相似度(Similarity, %)(測站分群根據圖9)。..........44
表8. 2012年12月台灣西南海域各仔稚魚測站群的相似度百分比分析(SIMPER)，平均豐度(MA)、物種貢獻度百分比(C, %)及群集相似度(Similarity, %)(測站分群根據圖10)。........45
表9. 2012年9月及12月台灣西南海域17個仔稚魚優勢物種(相對豐度>1%)與水文因子(溫度、鹽度、葉綠素a、硝酸鹽、矽酸鹽、磷酸鹽、銨鹽及浮游動物豐度)之典型對應分析(Canonical correspondence analysis, CCA)結果(根據圖14)。......................................47

圖目錄
圖1. 台灣西南海域採樣測站位置圖。........................................................................48
圖2. 2012年9月(圖左)及12月(圖右)台灣西南海域(A)(B)溫度(10 m)、(C)(D)鹽度(10 m)及(E)(F)葉綠素a(75 m平均)分佈圖。................................................... .............................49
圖3. 2012年9月(圖左)及12月(圖右)台灣西南海域(A)(B)HNO3(75 m平均)、(C)(D)SiO2(75 m平均)、(E)(F)H3PO4(75 m平均)及(G)(H)NH4(75 m平均)分佈圖。..............................50
圖4. 2012年9月台灣西南海域各測站之水文因子(溫度、鹽度、葉綠素a、硝酸鹽、矽酸鹽、磷酸鹽及銨鹽)主成分分析(Principal component analysis, PCA)圖。......................51
圖5. 2012年12月台灣西南海域各測站之水文因子(溫度、鹽度、葉綠素a、硝酸鹽、矽酸鹽、磷酸鹽及銨鹽)主成分分析(Principal component analysis, PCA)圖。......................52
圖6. 2012年(A)9月及(B)12月台灣西南海域各測站之仔稚魚豐度變化直條圖。................53
圖7. 2012年9月及12月台灣西南海域各測站仔稚魚之(A)物種歧異度、(B)均勻度及(C)豐富度指數變化圖。......................................................................................................54
圖8. 2012年9月及12月台灣西南海域各測站之仔稚魚科數及物種數變化圖。..................55
圖9. 2012年9月台灣西南海域各測站全部的仔稚魚之(A)Bray-Curtis similarity群集分析圖(Cluster analysis)及(B)多維尺度分析圖(Multidimensional scaling, MDS)。...................56
圖10. 2012年12月台灣西南海域各測站全部的仔稚魚之(A)Bray-Curtis similarity群集分析圖(Cluster analysis)及(B)多維尺度分析圖(Multidimensional scaling, MDS)。...................57
圖11. 2012年9月及12月台灣西南海域仔稚魚優勢物種(相對豐度>1%)之(A)站群及種群群聚分析圖、(B) 仔稚魚優勢物種之多維尺度(Multidimensional scaling, MDS)分析圖及(C)測站之多維尺度分析圖。S代表9月測站，D代表12月測站。..............................................58
圖12. 2012年9月(圖左)及12月(圖右)台灣西南海域(A)(B)浮游動物 (ind./m3)、(C)(D)Diaphus A group (ind./1000 m3)及(E)(F)Engraulis japonicus (ind./1000 m3)豐度分佈圖。.....................................................................................................................59
圖13. 2012年9月(圖左)及12月(圖右)台灣西南海域(A)(B)Equulites rivulatus (ind./1000 m3)、(C)(D)Bregmaceros sp. (ind./1000 m3)及(E)(F)Benthosema pterotum (ind./1000 m3)豐度分佈圖。....................................................................................................60
圖14. 2012年9月及12月台灣西南海域仔稚魚優勢物種(相對豐度>1%)與水文因子之典型對應分析(Canonical correspondence analysis, CCA)圖。S代表9月測站，D代表12月測站。......................................................................................................................61

附錄目錄
附表1. 2012年9月及12月台灣西南海域溫度(10 m, °C)、鹽度(10 m)、葉綠素a(75 m平均, μg/L)、硝酸鹽(75 m平均, μM)、矽酸鹽(75 m平均, μM)、磷酸鹽(75 m平均, μM)及銨鹽(75 m平均, μM)濃度。.................................................................................................62
附表2. 2012年9月及12月台灣西南海域各測站仔稚魚之物種數(S)、豐度(A, ind./1000 m3)、豐富度指數(d)、均勻度指數(J')及歧異度指數(H')。.............................................63
附表3. 2012年9月台灣西南海域仔稚魚之平均豐度(ind./1000 m3)、相對豐度(R.A., %)、出現率(OC, %)總合表。..............................................................................................64
附表4. 2012年12月台灣西南海域仔稚魚之平均豐度(ind./1000 m3)、相對豐度(R.A., %)、出現率(OC, %)總合表。..........................................................................................76
附圖1. 2012年9月台灣西南海域仔稚魚優勢物種(相對豐度>1%)之相對百分比。.............88
附圖2. 2012年12月台灣西南海域仔稚魚優勢物種(相對豐度>1%)之相對百分比。...........89
附圖3. 2012年9月及12月台灣西南海域仔稚魚之優勢物種。.........................................90
附圖4. 2012年8月天秤颱風路徑圖。.........................................................................93

王冑。2000。臺灣海峽之海流以及水文環境。台灣海峽研討會論文摘要集。1-2頁。
丘臺生。1999。台灣的仔稚魚。國立海洋生物博物館籌備處。1-296頁。
田天、魏皓。2005。南海北部及巴士海峽附近的水團分析。中國海洋大學學報。35(1): 9-12。
向之郢。2006。呂宋海峽兩側有機碳化學之研究。國立中山大學海洋地質及化學研究所碩士論文。1-142頁。
沖山宗雄。1985。日本產稚魚圖鑑。東海大學出版會。1-1154頁。
林俊銘。1999。宜蘭灣仔稚魚群聚結構之研究。國立台灣海洋大學漁業科學學系碩士論文。1-75頁。
林信吉。2003。澎湖水道南端化學水文之變化。國立中山大學海洋地質及化學研究所碩士論文。1-95頁。
袁堃展。2013。颱風前後台灣西南海域扒網漁況變動之研究。國立臺灣海洋大學環境生物與漁業科學學系碩士論文。1-76頁。
張家銘。2012。南灣海域碳酸鹽系統分布特性與季節性變化之研究。國立東華大學海洋生物多樣性及演化研究所碩士論文。1-155頁。
康瀕壬。2011。台灣南部海域管水母群聚之時空分布與環境因子之相關性研究。國立中山大學海洋生物科技暨資源研究所碩士論文。1-146頁。
曾萬年、王友慈。1985。台灣北部河口域仔稚魚資源調查(1982-1983)。農委會漁業特刊第二號。17-74。
邵廣昭。2014。台灣魚類資料庫。網路電子版。http://fishdb.sinica.edu.tw。
黃智鈴。2014。東沙環礁海域管水母與水螅水母群聚之時空分布及其與水文環境之相關性研究。國立中山大學海洋生物科技暨資源研究所碩士論文。1-89頁。
莊訓練、黃家富、湯弘吉。1985。台灣西北部沿岸魚苗資源調查。農委會漁業特刊第二號。111-114。
廖震亨。1999。台灣西南海域浮游性仔稚魚之種類組成及分佈。國立中山大學海洋生物科技暨資源研究所碩士論文。1-81頁。
廖秀庭。2005。衛星遙測颱風期間台灣東北部海域湧昇現象之研究。國立臺灣海洋大學環境生物與漁業科學學系碩士論文。1-74頁。
潘雅玲。2004。台灣東部海域管水母之種類組成及時空分布。國立中山大學海洋生物研究所碩士論文。1-113頁。
潘佳怡。2007。臺灣龜山島周邊海域仔稚魚群聚結構之時空變化。國立台灣海洋大學漁業科學系碩士論文。1-116頁。
陳人平。2007。臺灣東北部海域仔稚魚的季節性出現及空間分布動態之研究。國立臺灣海洋大學環境生物與漁業科學學系碩士論文。1-227頁。
陳玟妤。2008。臺灣東北部海域夏季仔稚魚群聚的日週變化之研究。國立臺灣海洋大學環境生物與漁業科學學系碩士論文。1-99頁。
謝泓諺。2007。水文環境對台灣周邊海域仔稚魚群聚時空分布的影響。國立中山大學海洋生物科技暨資源研究所博士論文。1-222頁。
謝承叡。2010。金門沿近海域仔稚魚群聚結構分析。國立高雄海洋科技大學海洋生物技術研究所水產養殖組碩士論文。1-102頁。
蔡依凌。2013。臺灣東部花蓮沿岸海域仔稚魚群聚結構之季節特性。國立臺灣海洋大學環境生物與漁業科學學系碩士論文。1-75頁。
環保署。2003。NIEA W450.50B。水中矽酸鹽檢測方法－鉬矽酸鹽比色法。http://www.niea.gov.tw/niea/WATER/W45050B.htm。
環保署。2005。NIEA W443.51C。水中正磷酸鹽之流動注入分析法－比色法。http://www.niea.gov.tw/niea/WATER/W44351C.htm。
環保署。2005。NIEA W448.51B。水中氨氮檢測方法－靛酚比色法。http://www.niea.gov.tw/niea/WATER/W44851B.htm。
環保署。2006。NIEA W419.51A。水中硝酸鹽氮檢測方法－分光光度計法。http://www.niea.gov.tw/niea/WATER/W41951A.htm。
鄭妃琦。2007。花蓮和平溪出海口海域仔稚魚群聚結構之探討。國立高雄海洋科技大學海洋環境工程所碩士論文。1-95頁。
鄭義郎。2012。臺灣東北角海域櫻花蝦中層拖網混獲之魚類組成分析。國立臺灣海洋大學環境生物與漁業科學學系碩士論文。1-120頁。
羅又菁。2012。雲林沿岸海域仔稚魚群聚結構之探討。國立高雄海洋科技大學海洋環境工程研究所碩士論文。1-82頁。
Ahlstrom EH, Moser HG, O'Toole MJ (1976) Development and distribution of larvae and early juveniles of the commercial lanternfish, Lampanyctodes hectoris (Gunther), off the west coast of southern Africa with a discussion of phylogenetic relationships of the genus. Bull South Calif Acad Sci 75: 138-152.
Barnes, RSK (1974) Estuarine Biology. Edward Arnold, London.
Bray JR, Curtis JT (1957) An ordination of the upland forest communities of southern Wisconsin. Ecol Monogr 27: 325-349.
Chen WY, Wang YC, Lee MA (2012) Early-summer ichthyoplankton biodiversity associated with oceanic factors on the continental shelf of the southern East China Sea. J Mar Sci Tech 20: 698-706.
Chen YLL, Chen HY, Jan S, Tuo SH (2009) Phytoplankton productivity enhancement and assemblage change in the upstream Kuroshio after typhoons. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 385: 111-126.
Chisholm SW (1992) Phytoplankton Size. Primary productivity and biogeochemical cycles in the sea 37 pp. 213-237.
Chiu TS, Chang KZ (1994) Comparison of ichthyoplankton fauna in northern Taiwan Strait during winter and spring. Acta Zool Taiwan 5: 23-31.
Chiu TS, Chang KZ (1995) Diurnal cycling in vertical distribution of ichthyoplankton at a fixed station off northwestern Taiwan. Zool Stud 34: 183-192.
Chiu TS, Young SS, Chen CS (1997) Monthly variation of larval anchovy fishery in I-lan Bay, NE Taiwan, with an evaluation for optimal fishing season. J Fish Soc Taiwan 24: 273-282.
Chu TY (1971) Enviromental study of the surrounding waters of Taiwan. Acta Oceanogr Taiwan 1: 15-32.
Clarke KR (1993) Non parametric multivariate analyses of changes in community structure. Aust J Ecol 18: 117-143.
Doyle MJ, Morse WW, Kendall JrAW (1993) A comparison of larval fish assemblages in the temperate zone of the northeast Pacific and northwest Atlantic Oceans. Bull Mar Sci 53: 588-644.
Dunn OJ, Clark VA (1974) Applied statistics: analysis of variance and regression. Wiley, New York.
Fan KL, Yu CY (1981) A study of water masses in the seas of southernmost Taiwan. Acta Oceanogr Taiwan 12: 94-111.
Farris A, Wimbush M (1996) Wind-induced Kuroshio intrusion into the South China Sea. J Oceanogr 52(6): 771-784.
Fernández E, Cabal J, Acuña JL, Bode A, Botas A, García-Soto C (1993) Plankton distribution across a slope current-induced front in the southern Bay of Biscay. J Plankton Res 15: 619-641.
Fortier L, Leggett WC (1982) Fickian transport and the dispersal of fish larvae in estuaries. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 39: 1150-1163.
Gil J, Valdés L, Moral M, Sánchez R, García-Soto C (2002) Mesocale variability in a high-resolution grid in the Cantabrian Sea (southern Bay of Biscay), May 1995. Deep-Sea Res Pt I 49: 1591-1607.
Govoni JJ (2005) Fisheries oceanography and the ecology of early life histories of fishes: a perspective over fifty years. Sci Mar 69: 125-137.
Gray CA (1998) Diel changes in vertical distribution of larvae fishes in unstratified coastal waters off Southeastern Australia. J Plankton Res 20: 1539-1552.
Haque MM, Ozawa T (1995) Occurrence and abundance of Leiognathus rivulatus(Temminck and Schlegel) larvae in Kagoshima Bay, southern Japan, in 1991. Jap J Ichthyol 42(2): 131-136.
Hong HH, Zhang C, Shang S, Huang B, Li Y, Li X (2009) Interannual variability of summer coastal upwelling in the Taiwan Strait. Cont Shelf Res 29(2): 479-484.
Houde ED (1984) Bregmacerotidae: Development and relationship. Pages 300-308 in Moser HG, Richards WJ, Cohen DM, Fahay MP, Kendall AW, Richardson Jr. and SL, eds. Ontogeny and systematics of Fishes. Am Soc Ichthyol Herp, Sp Publ (1).
Hwang JS, Wong CK (2005) The China Coastal Current as a driving force for transporting Calanus sinicus (Copepoda: Calanoida) from its population centers to waters of Taiwan and Hong Kong during the winter northeast monsoon period. J Plankton Res 27: 205-210.
Hwang JS, Souissi S, Tseng LC, Seuront L, Schmitt FG, Fang LS et al. (2006) A 5-year study of the influence of the northeast and southwest monsoons on copepod assemblages in the boundary coastal waters between the East China Sea and the Taiwan Strait. J Plankton Res 28: 943-958.
Hsieh CH, Chen CS, Chiu TS (2005) Composition and abundance of copepods and ichthyoplankton in Taiwan Strait (Western North Pacific) are influenced by seasonal monsoons. Mar Freshwater Res 56: 153-161.
Hsieh HY, Lo WT, Liu DC, Su WC (2010) Influence of hydrographic features on larval fish distribution during the south‐westerly monsoon in the waters of Taiwan, western North Pacific Ocean. J Fish Biol 76(10): 2521-2539.
Hsieh HY, Lo WT, Wu LJ, Liu DC, Su WC (2011a) Comparison of distribution patterns of larval fish assemblages in the Taiwan Strait between the northeasterly and southwesterly monsoons. Zool Stud 50(4): 491-505.
Hsieh HY, Lo WT, Wu LJ, Liu DC, Su WC (2011b) Monsoon-driven succession of the larval fish assemblage in the East China Sea shelf waters off northern Taiwan. J Oceanogr 67(2): 159-172.
Hung CC, Gong GC, Chou WC, Chung CC, Lee MA, Chang Y, Laws E (2010) The effect of typhoon on particulate organic carbon flux in the southern East China Sea. Biogeosciences 7(10): 3007-3018.
Jan S, Sheu DD, Kuo HM (2006) Water mass and throughflow transport variability in the Taiwan Strait. J Geophys Res 111: C12012.
Jan S, Tseng YH, Dietrich DE (2010). Sources of water in the Taiwan Strait. J Oceanogr 66: 211-221.
Jan S, Wang J, Chern CS & Chao SY (2002) Seasonal variation of the circulation in the Taiwan Strait. J Marine Syst 35: 249-268.
Kruskal JB, Wish M (1978) Multidimensional Scaling. Vol. 11, Sage.
Leis JM, Rennis DS (1983) The larvae of Indo-Pacific coral reef fishes. UNSW press.
Leis JM, Trnski T, Bruce B (1989) The larvae of Indo-Pacific shorefishes. Honolulu: University of Hawaii press.
Lo WT, Hsieh HY, Wu LJ, Jian HB, Liu DC, Su WC (2010) Comparison of larval fish assemblages between during and after northeasterly monsoon in the waters around Taiwan, western North Pacific. J Plankton Res 32(7): 1079-1095.
Mamhot JR, Ozawa T, Masuda Y (1992) Occurrence and abundance of bregmacerotid larvae in Kagoshima Bay, southern Japan, with descriptions of ontogenetic larval characters. Jap J Ichthyol 39(1): 49-58.
Maravelias CD, Reid DG (1997) Identifying the effect of oceanographic features and zooplankton on prespawning herring abundance using generalized additive models. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 147: 1-9.
Meng PJ, Lee HJ, Wang JT, Chen CC, Lin HJ, Tew KS, Hsieh WJ (2008) A long-term survey on anthropogenic impacts to the water quality of coral reefs, southern Taiwan. Environ Pollut 156(1): 67-75.
Millken DM, Houde ED (1984) A new species of Bregmacerotidae (Pisces), Bregmaceros cantori, from the western Atlantic Ocean. Bull Mar Sci 35(1): 11-19.
Moser HG, Richards WJ, Cohen DM, Fahay MP, Kendall AW, Richardson SL (1984) Ontogeny and systematics of Fishes. Based on an international symposium dedicated to the memory of Elbert Haivor Ahlstrom. Am Soc Ichthyol Herp, Sp Publ (1).
Olivar MP, Sabate A (1997) Vertical distribution of fish larvae in the northwest Mediterranean Sea in spring. Mar Biol 129: 289-300.
Ozawa T (1993) On the fishery of ponyfish, Leiognathus rivulatus in Kagoshima Bay. Bull. Japan. Soc Fish Oceanogr 57: 74-76. (In Japanese)
Puelou EC (1966) The measurement of diversity in different types ofbiological collections. J Theor Biol 13: 131-144.
Pielou EC (1984) The interpretation of ecological data. J Wiley, New York.
Rodriguez SA, Avila-Perez P, Velazquez-Olvera IA (2001) Effect on the zooplankton community of pollutant disposal into the Jose Antonio Alzate dam, Mexico. Int J Environ Pollut 15(5): 497-504.
Sabatés A, Olivar, MP, Salat J et al. (2007) Physical and biological processes controlling the distribution of fish larvae in the NW Mediterranean. Prog Oceanogr 74: 355–376.
Sassa C, Moser HG, Kawaguchi K (2002) Horizontal and vertical distribution patterns of larval myctophid fishes in the Kuroshio Current region. Fish Oceanogr 11:1–10.
Shannon CE, Weaver W (1963) The Mathematical Theory of Communication. University of Illinois Press, Urbana.
Shaw PT (1989) The intrusion of water masses into the sea southwest of Taiwan. J Geophys Res 94(12): 18213-18226.
Shen SC, Lee CC, Shao KT, Mao HC, Chen CH, Chen CC, Tzeng CS (1993) Fishes of Taiwan. Taipei, Taiwan: Department of Zoology, National Taiwan University. (in Chinese)
Shiah FK, Chung SW, Kao SW, Kao SJ, Gong GC, Lin KK (2000) Biological and hydrographical responses to tropical cyclones (typhoon) in the continental shelf of the Taiwan Strait. Cont Shelf Res 20(15): 2029-2044.
Siswanto E, Morimoto A, Kojima S (2009) Enhancement of phytoplankton primary productivity in the southern East China Sea following episodic typhoon passage. Geophys Res Lett 36(11).
Strickland JDH, Parsons TR (1972) A practical handbook of seawater analysis. J Fish Res Board Can 167: 1–310.
Ter Braak CJF (1986) Canonical correspondence analysis: a new eigenvector technique for multivariate direct gradient analysis. Ecology 67: 1167-1179.
Tzeng WN, Wang WT (1992) Structure, composition and seasonal dynamics of the larval and juvenile fish community in the mangrove estuary of Tanshui River, Taiwan. Mar Biol 113: 481-490.
Tzeng WN, Wang YT (1993) Hydrography and distribution dynamics of larval and juvenile fishes in the coastal waters of the Tanshui River estuary, Taiwan, with reference to estuarine larval transport. Mar Biol 116(2): 205-217.
Tzeng WN (1989) Preliminary studies on species composition of fish larvae and juveniles in the Kuroshio waters adjacent to Taiwan with reference to water mass and diurnal variation. Acta Oceanogr. Taiwan.: 22, 102–115.
Wang CC, Kuo HC, Chen YH, Huang HL, Chung CH, Tsuboki K (2012) Effects of asymmetric latent heating on typhoon movement crossing Taiwan: The case of Morakot (2009) with extreme rainfall. J Atmos Sci 69(11): 3172-3196.
Yamada U (1986) Leiognathus rivulatus (Temminck and Schlegel). Pages 186-187 in O. Okamura, ed. Fishes of the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea. Seikai Reg Fish Res Lab, Nagasaki. (In Japanese)
Zheng GM, Tang DL (2007) Offshore and nearshore chlorophyll increases induced by typhoon winds and subsequent terrestrial rainwater runoff. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 333: 61-74.