摘要

過去在分析環境管制與競爭力時，傳統的模型都是使用靜態模型來分析。也因此往往環境管制造成了競爭力的下滑。然而Porter指出，近二、三十年來，國際競爭力早已不在是靜態的模式，而是一種新的動態模式，建立在創新的基礎上。也就是說當廠商受到環管制時，在動態的環境下，廠商或許會藉由創新來造成成本的抵銷，而提升競爭力。此也就是所謂的 ”Porter hypothesis”。本研究為了驗證台灣產業是否有此動態的 ”Porter hypothesis”現象存在，因此以應用在產業組織與生產力分析上被普遍採用(Nadiri & Prucha, 1989, 1999; Suzuki, 1993; Srinivasan, 1996)之動態要素需求模型進行實證分析，探討環境管制對生產力的影響。此種模型以動態最適為基礎，考慮要素需求之動態調整，反應出準固定要素變動所產生之調整成本。
本研究結果發現，在某些產業方面Porter hypothesis的現象是可能產生的，也就是說只要政府有效建立適當的環境管制，環境管制將未必成為產業的沉重的負擔。

Abstract

The impact of environmental regulation on competitiveness is a major issue of concern to policy makers. It has also been the subject of considerable academic debate in the past few years on environment-competitiveness. The relationship between environmental goals and industrial competitiveness has conventionally been thought of as involving a tradeoff between social benefits and private costs. In the recent decade, the environment-competitiveness debate has been shifted to a new dynamic international competitiveness paradigm. Michael Porter suggested that the traditional trade-off between environmental regulation and competitiveness may have overestimated environmental compliance costs, neglected innovation offsets, and disregarded the affected industry's initial competitiveness.
In this thesis, we aim to examine firm-level evidence to assess the Porter hypothesis as well as the basic correlation between environmental goals and industrial competitiveness. Our approach mainly concentrates on the possibility of Porter hypothesis. Porter hypothesis suggests that more severe environmental regulation may have a positive effect on firm’s performance by stimulating innovation. To capture the dynamic impacts and the incurred adjustments for enterprises in complying with the environmental standard requires a model with dynamic adjustment features. Our investigation shows that the impact of environmental regulation on TFP growth rate could become less detrimental and even positive, confirming the Porter hypothesis. This dynamic pattern is seen clearly in our results in many samples.

Catalog
I. Introduction …………………… 1

II. Past Research …………………………………………………… 3
2.1 Debates …………………………………………………………… 4
2.2 Productivity and Environmental Regulation …………………… 6
2.3 Innovation and Environmental Regulation …………………………. 9

III. A Dynamic Model of Production with Abatement Capital ……… 12
3.1 Theoretical Framework ……………………………………12
3.2 The Model ………………………………………………………… 13
3.3 Measuring Total Factor Productivity (TFP) ………………………………14
3.4 Model Formulation and Empirical Implementation ………………………16

IV. Empirical Findings ………………………………………23
4.1 Sample Sources and Firm Size …………………………………… 23
4.2 Variables Definition and Data Sources ……………………… 24
4.3 Estimated Parameters of Dynamic Factor Model with Abatement Capital 25
4.4 TFP Composition by Industries ………………………… 26
4.5 TFP Composition by Regions …………………………………… 28
4.6 Summary …………………………………………………………29

V. Conclusions ……………………………………………………… 29
5.1 Conclusions …………………………………………………… 29
5.2 Policy Suggestions …………………………………… 31
5.3 Future Directions …………………………………………… 31

References ………………………………………………… 33

Appendix A ……………………………………………… 50

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