摘要
本研究探討壽山地區臺灣獼猴之生殖行為，野外觀察時間自2000年7月至2002年7月，共記錄野外608小時。觀察期間記錄C與Cd群兩社群，Cd群是2000年12月自C群分群出來。2000年8月至2002年3月兩交配季中，共記錄到成年雄猴共19隻，成年雌猴共20隻。在兩交配季共記錄到188次的交配序列，包括139次的單一跨騎交配與49次連續跨騎交配。C群與Cd群在2000年與2001年的交配季中，交配的高峰期分別為12月與11月，交配頻度平均分別為1.45次/小時與頻度為0.77次/小時。
交配機會與跨騎模式的運用與雄猴的類型位序有關連性。高位序雄猴在交配的記錄當中佔大多數。連續跨騎抽刺的記錄中，以群內位序最高之雄猴(αM)所佔的比例最高有55.1%，其次為群外雄猴(NTM)與群內雄猴（OTM）各佔22.45%。在單一跨騎抽刺部分以OTM所佔比例高達38.13%，而單一跨騎為OTM最主要的交配方式。在不同類型雄之跨騎模式的運用，只有αM 與OTM有差異，NTM分別與αM 和OTM均無差異。雌猴在交配的對象中，大多與高位序雄猴交配，而αM則偏好與高中位序雌猴交配。雌雄猴交配過程中有彼此抓咬與交配發聲的行為，此尤其容易出現在連續跨騎抽刺中。高中位序雄猴會以跟隨配對的方式守衛主雌猴。105對的配對中，群內雄猴佔89.5﹪（94/105），群外雄猴只有10.48﹪（11/105）。高位序雄猴亦會以干擾的方式，打斷低位序雄猴的交配。低位序的雄猴則是在社群的邊緣較隱密處或是利用高位序的雄猴不在社群附近時與雌猴進行交配。

分群後棲地的利用上主群C較Cd佔優勢，主群在分群後棲地利用面積增加37﹪，棲地利用面積為旁支群2.2倍。在兩群相遇時，大部分均是旁支群Cd遭主群驅離（78.3﹪），或是Cd主動撤離（21.7﹪）。Cd群在兩個交配季中，交配頻度均要比主群來的高，2000年的交配季中，Cd群與C群交配頻度分別為3.33次/小時與1.44次/小時。2001年交配季，Cd群與C群交配頻度分別為2.80次/小時與0.74次/小時。分群後兩年間，C與Cd群在嬰猴的出生率均有上升的情形。C群雌猴生育率從37.5﹪上升至81.3﹪，Cd群生產率則由50.0﹪上升至100﹪。

Abstract
This study investigated the reproductive behaviors of Formosan macaques (Macaca cyclopis) from July 2000 to July 2002 with 608 field hours in Mt. Lonvegity. I followed troops C and Cd that resulted from a fission of troop C in Dec. 2000. During these two mating seasons, 19 sexually mature males and 19 females were involved in 188 mounting/thrusting series. These included 139 single and 49 multi-mounting thrusting series. The peak frequency of copulation was in Dec. in both years with means of 1.34/hr and 0.94/hr. However, the maximum number of males and females involved were in Nov and Nov~Dec.. with 18 (9M9F, 2001) and 22 (12M10F, 2001) individuals.
The residency and ranks of males influence their copulation strategies. Alpha males performed over half of the multi-mount copulations (55.1%), followed by non-troop males and other troop males (each, 22.45﹪). On the other hand, the highest proportion of single mount copulations were from OTM (38.13%)。Biting and copulation calls occurred more frequently in multi-mount than in single mount copulation. The duration of thrust was longest in the last mount of multi-mount copulation series (10.9 sec ±5.4, n=45), next in single mount (8.16 sec ±4.2).
Male dominant rank influenced the occurrence of consortships between heterosexual pairs. Nearly all of consortships observed were performed by troop males (94/105 = 89.4%), NTM just 10.48﹪(11/105 = 10.48%)。High-ranking males guarded estrous females and interfered low-ranking males' copulation. The later used sneaky mating during the absence of dominant males or in the peripheral part of a social troop with poor visibility.。
Troop C was dominant to troop Cd in habitat utilization and intertroop interaction. Troop C often chased troop Cd away (78.3%) or troop C withdrew voluntarily (21.7%). After the troop fission, the peak of monthly frequency of copulation in Cd was higher than that in troop C (two mating seasons: 3.33/hr versus 1.44/hr, 2.80/hr versus 0.74/hr). The birth rates of these two troops both increased from 2001 to 2002 (C: 37.5% to 81.3%; Cd: 50.0% to 100%)。

目錄
誌謝 ………………………………………………………………i
摘要 ………………………………………………………………ii
Abstract …………………………………………………………iii
目錄 ………………………………………………………………iv

前言 ………………………………………………………………1
材料與方法 ………………………………………………………5
一、 研究地點與對象 ……………………………………5
二、 觀察方法 ……………………………………………6
三、 行為定義 ……………………………………………7
四、 行為資料計算與分析 ………………………………9
結果 ………………………………………………………………12
一、 社群成員組成與變動 ………………………………12
二、 交配頻度與行為 ……………………………………14
三、 主群與旁支群的比較 ………………………………25
四、 雌猴的生殖策略 ……………………………………28
五、 交配授乳和懷孕之關係 ……………………………30
討論 ……………………………………………………………33
參考文獻 ………………………………………………………38
表 ………………………………………………………………44
圖 ………………………………………………………………58
附錄 ……………………………………………………………68

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