生殖腺在大多數擁有較複雜的生殖系統的生物體內都是一個明確的器官，並
且有確切的位置。海百合綱的生殖腺相當分散，每個腕及生殖羽肢中都分布著生
殖細胞，在生殖腺成熟或接近生殖季時生殖羽肢會有明顯腫脹的情形。本研究之
對象為台灣南部墾丁海域的兩科七種海羊齒，分別為櫛羽星科(Comasteridae)的
斑櫛羽球Comatella maculata、黑櫛羽球Comatella nigra、多環櫛羽星Comaster
multifidus、雙棘櫛羽星Comaster distinctus、小捲海齒花Comanthus parvicirrus
和短羽支科(Colobometridae)的餘翅短羽支Colobometra perspinosa、和美羽支科
(Himerometridae)的巨翅美羽支Himerometra magnipinna。而本研究的主要目的，
是想瞭解海羊齒生殖腺的配置，是否可能有適應機制，以及其個體內腕長的分布
是否會因棲息環境不同而有所差異。七種海羊齒出現生殖腺的月份沒有特別集中
在某個季節。海羊齒的最大腕長和腕數的關係有三個型式：固定腕數、兩者成正
比的線性關係以及成二次式的關係，其中腕數有漸近值；由此可知最大腕長是比
較恰當的個體大小指標。其中在斑櫛羽球、雙棘櫛羽星、多環櫛羽星發現成熟的
個體是顯著大於沒有生殖成熟的個體；雌雄間個體大小無差異。海羊齒生殖腺配
置的方式都是從靠近體盤處開始向腕末端延伸，生殖羽肢佔總羽肢數之比例與腕
長沒有關係，然而在小捲海齒花卻呈現負相關。根據斷腕重生的紀錄看來，雖然
腕大多斷在基部，但可能斷在腕末端因再生快無法看出。研究結果並不支持因為
腕生長速度太快以致腕末端的生殖腕的組織細胞來不及發育；不同地點間生殖羽
肢只在寬度上有差異，生殖羽肢所佔比例則沒有顯著不同。因此推測海羊齒生殖
腺配置的方式可能是適應避免因斷腕損失生殖腺，而都從靠近體盤的位置開始分
布，也可能在發育時受到限制。不同於其他種海羊齒的腕長在個體內呈常態分
布，穴居的小捲海齒花有特別的長腕，這些長腕有聚集的現象，並且其露在外側
的腕多為長腕，它們生殖羽肢的數目較少並且斷腕的機會也較大，這可能也是生
殖腺配置方式是適應的證據之一，且顯然小捲海齒花的腕已有分化的現象。

Gonads are distinct organs in organisms with complicated reproductive systems,
and they have specific locations in the body. The gonads of crinoids, however, are
scattered in numerous genital pinnules of their arms. We studied seven species of
feather stars, Comatella maculata (Carpenter, 1888), Comatella nigra (Carpenter,
1888), Comaster multifidus (M􀎏ller, 1841), Comaster distinctus (Carpenter, 1881),
Comanthus parvicirrus (M􀎏ller, 1841), Colobometra perspinosa (Carpenter,1881) and
Himerometra magnipinna Clark, 1908 collected at Kenting, southern Taiwan in 2007.
The purpose is to explore if the distribution patterns of gonads are adaptative. With
bimonthly samplings in a year, it is discovered that the spawning seasons of the
species are not synchronized in a particular season. Three models of relationships
between maximum arm lengths and numbers of arms exist in the seven species, i.e.,
constant arm numbers, linear, and quadratic with an asymptote of arm numbers.
Therefore, the maximum arm length is more appropriate than arm number as a size
index of feather stars. Evidence of bigger mature than immature individuals is found
in Comatella maculata, Comaster distinctus and Comaster multifidus, and there is no
size difference between males and females. The gonads of feather stars are distributed
in the proximal end of arms. The proportion of arms represented by genital pinnules
within individuals were constant except in Comanthus parvicirrus where a negative
correlation was found. Except the 2 cave-dwelling species, Comatella maculata and
Comanthus parvicirrus, most regenerating arms of 5 other species had breakage
points occurred near the proximal ends of the arms. Distal breakage may regenerate
too fast to recognize. The arms obviously do not grow so fast as to limit gonad
development to the proximal ends of arms. Habitat difference may cause variation in
genital pinnule widths, but not in the number of genital pinnules as suggested by comparsions of specimens between 2 sites. The cave-dwelling Comanthus parvicirrus
has special congregated long arms, which are extended outside. Moreover, these arms
have higher probability of breakage, and smaller ranges of genital pinnules than short
arms. This phenomenon supports that the limited gonad distribution is adaptive for
reducing loss upon arm breakage.

壹、前言.................................................................................................................. 1
貳、材料和方法....................................................................................................... 6
參、結果.................................................................................................................. 9
肆、討論................................................................................................................ 14
參考文獻................................................................................................................ 20

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