本論文的內容為針對植基於薄介質基板上的矩形微帶天線的金屬面上蝕刻植入的槽孔，以增加其阻抗頻寬之特性作分析與探討。主要的設計研究方法是先依預定的天線設計規格或預期可獲得的天線特性目標產生天線的設計概念，由此得到一個天線的設計雛形。而後將此一設計雛形以 IE3DTM模擬軟體分析其特性趨勢後，再將其與實際製作後的量測結果比較，並依此修正天線的設計，得到最後符合設計規格或預期特性的最佳化結果。其中由平行極化的雙頻微帶天線設計開始，利用在天線的金屬面上設計適當的植入槽孔形式，以有效改變整體天線元件的輸入阻抗特性，造成天線的雙共振作用，激發兩個具有相似輻射特性的相鄰模態。並經由對其天線特性的研究與了解後，進而再設計在天線金屬面上適當位置植入的干擾槽孔，拉近兩個激發模態的共振頻率，並使其合而為一較寬的操作頻帶，成功的設計出四種具有不同植入槽孔形式，可增加矩形微帶天線操作頻寬的天線設計。

The bandwidth-enhancement characteristics of slot-loaded rectangular microstrip antennas constructed on a thin microwave substrate have been investigated in this dissertation. The primary design process about this topic is demonstrated. Firstly, a new antenna design idea is provided from pre-determined antenna design specifications or obtained antenna performances from the previous antenna design, which lead to a novel antenna configuration. From the results of the simulation software IE3DTM, the characteristics of this new antenna configuration are obtained and compared with the experimental results. The antenna configuration is also modified to achieve a final optimal design from the comparison results. The study of the single-feed dual-frequency rectangular microstrip antenna with a pair of bent slots is first presented. By embedding properly-designed slots on a rectangular microstrip patch, the impedance characteristics of this antenna design have been effectively changed to exhibit dual-resonant behavior, which result in the excitation of two adjacent resonant modes with similar radiation characteristics. Furthermore, the two resonant modes can be excited at frequencies very close to each other to form a wider operating bandwidth by embedding additional perturbation slots. Four successful antenna designs with different embedded-slot shapes for bandwidth enhancement have been implemented and discussed in this dissertation.

文 字 目 錄
頁次
文字目錄 i
圖形目錄 iv
表格目錄 xiii

第一章 序論 (Introduction) 1
1.1 概述 1
1.2 文獻導覽 2
1.3 內容提要 4

第二章 植入一對彎曲槽孔的雙頻操作矩形微帶天線設計
(Design of Dual-frequency Rectangular Microstrip Antennas with a Pair of Properly-Bent Narrow Slots) 5
2.1 概述 5
2.1.1 垂直極化雙頻微帶天線的設計 5
2.1.2 平行極化雙頻微帶天線的設計 6
2.2 設計概念 16
2.3 天線的設計 17
2.4 結果與討論 21

第三章 以植入一對刷形槽孔增加矩形微帶天線操作頻寬的設計
(Bandwidth-Enhancement Design for Rectangular Microstrip Antennas with a Pair of Toothbrush-Shaped Slots) 32
3.1 概述 32
3.2 設計概念 35
3.3 探針饋入的天線設計 36
3.3.1 天線結構 36
3.3.2 分析與討論 36
3.4 微帶線嵌入饋入式的天線設計 48
3.4.1 天線結構 48
3.4.2 結果與討論 48
3.5 微帶線直接饋入式的天線設計 55
3.5.1 天線結構 55
3.5.2 結果與討論 56
3.6 三種饋入方式的天線特性比較 63

第四章 植入一對直角槽孔與一個近似U形槽孔以增加矩形微帶天線操作頻寬的設計
(Bandwidth-Enhancement Design for Rectangular Microstrip Antennas with a Pair of Right-Angle Slots and a Modified U Slot) 65
4.1 研究動機 65
4.2 天線設計 69
4.3 結果與討論 72

第五章 植入一對雙彎曲槽孔與一個附加的彎曲槽孔以增加矩形微帶天線操作頻寬的設計
(Bandwidth-Enhancement Design for Rectangular Microstrip Antennas with a Pair of Double-Bent Slots and an Additional Bent Slot) 82
5.1 設計概念 82
5.2 天線設計 83
5.3 結果與討論 87

第六章 植入一對雙彎曲槽孔以增加矩形微帶天線操作頻寬的設計
(Bandwidth-Enhancement Design for Rectangular Microstrip Antennas with a Pair of Double-Bent Slots) 92
6.1 設計概念 92
6.2 天線設計 92
6.3 分析與討論 95

第七章 結論 (Conclusions) 103

參考文獻 (References) 104


圖 形 目 錄
頁次
圖2.1.1 垂直極化雙頻操作矩形微帶天線的幾何結構圖. 9
圖2.1.2 在天線金屬微片與接地金屬面之間植入一個可調長度的短路同軸微帶作為電抗負載的雙頻操作矩形微帶天線的幾何結構圖. 10
圖2.1.3 在天線金屬微片的邊緣嵌入一固定寬度的微帶線作為電抗負載的雙頻操作矩形微帶天線的幾何結構圖 11
圖2.1.4 植入短路棒或槽孔的雙頻操作矩形微帶天線的幾何結構圖 12
圖2.1.5 典型的植入短路棒的雙頻操作微帶天線（矩形）的幾何結構圖 13
圖2.1.6 植入變容二極體的雙頻操作矩形微帶天線的幾何結構圖 14
圖2.1.7 在靠近天線金屬微片的輻射邊植入一對狹窄槽孔的雙頻操作矩形微帶天線的幾何結構圖 15
圖2.3.1 具有一對彎曲槽孔的雙頻操作矩形微帶天線的幾何結構圖 19
圖2.3.2 使用IE3DTM模擬軟體分析所得到的植入一對彎曲槽孔的矩形微帶天線的雙共振模態所激發的金屬微片表面電流分佈：(a)受到微擾的矩形TM10基模態的金屬片表面電流分佈；(b)TMd0模態的金屬片表面電流分佈；er = 4.4，h = 1.6 mm，L = 37.3 mm，W = 24.87 mm，a = 30o，ls = 19 mm，dL = dw = ws = 1 mm，xp = 0.7 mm 20
圖2.4.1 植入一對彎曲槽孔的矩形微帶天線，於實際製作後量測所得在不同彎曲角(a)時，操作雙頻的返回損失頻率響應圖：(a)彎曲角為15度；(b)彎曲角為20度；(c)彎曲角為25度；(d)彎曲角為30度；天線設計參數如表2.4.1所示 24
圖2.4.2 植入一對彎曲槽孔的矩形微帶天線，於實際製作後量測所得在不同彎曲角時的操作雙頻及頻率比；天線設計參數如表2.4.1所示 25
圖2.4.3 植入一對彎曲槽孔的矩形微帶天線，於實際製作後量測所得在不同彎曲角時操作雙頻的最大天線增益；天線設計參數如表2.4.1所示 26
圖2.4.4 植入一對彎曲槽孔的矩形微帶天線，於實際製作後量測所得在彎曲角為15度且直槽段長度為19 mm時，兩共振模態的輻射場型圖：(a) TM10模態；(b) TMd0模態；其餘天線參數如表2.4.1所示 27
圖2.4.5 植入一對彎曲槽孔的矩形微帶天線，於實際製作後量測所得在彎曲角為30度且直槽段長度為19 mm時，兩共振模態的輻射場型圖：(a) TM10模態；(b) TMd0模態；其餘天線參數如表2.4.1所示 28
圖2.4.6 植入一對彎曲槽孔的矩形微帶天線，於實際製作後量測所得在彎曲角為30度時，不同直槽段長度(ls)的操作雙頻返回損失頻率響應圖：(a)直槽段長度為19 mm時；(b)直槽段長度為10 mm時；其餘天線參數如表2.4.1所示 29
圖2.4.7 植入一對彎曲槽孔的矩形微帶天線，於實際製作後量測所得在彎曲角為30度時，不同直槽段長度(ls)的操作雙頻最大天線增益；其餘天線參數如表2.4.1所示 30
圖2.4.8 植入一對彎曲槽孔的矩形微帶天線，於實際製作後量測所得在彎曲角為30度且直槽段長度為10 mm時，兩共振模態的輻射場型圖：(a) TM10模態；(b) TMd0模態；其餘天線參數如表2.4.1所示 31
圖3.3.1 以單一50W同軸探針饋入之具有一對刷形槽孔的矩形微帶天線的幾何結構圖 40
圖3.3.2 使用IE3DTM模擬軟體分析所得到的植入一對刷形槽孔的矩形微帶天線的雙共振模態所激發的金屬微片表面電流分佈：(a)受到微擾的矩形TM10基模態的金屬片表面電流分佈；(b)TMd0模態的金屬片表面電流分佈；er = 4.4，h = 1.6 mm，L = 37.3 mm，W = 24.87 mm，其餘天線設計參數如圖3.3.1所示 41
圖3.3.3 探針饋入式之具有一對刷形槽孔的矩形微帶天線，於實際製作後量測所得的返回損失頻率響應圖：(a)天線一的設計；(b) 天線二的設計；(c)天線三的設計；(d)天線四的設計；天線設計參數如表3.3.1所示 42
圖3.3.4 探針饋入式之具有一對刷形槽孔的矩形微帶天線，其天線四的設計於實際製作後量測所得在兩共振模態共振頻率的輻射場型圖：(a)TM10模態，共振頻率為1773 MHz；(b)TMd0模態，共振頻率為1824 MHz；天線設計參數如表3.3.1所示 43
圖3.3.5 探針饋入式之具有一對刷形槽孔的矩形微帶天線，於實際製作後量測所得最大天線增益的頻率響應圖：(a)天線一的設計；(b)天線二的設計；(c)天線三的設計；(d)天線四的設計；天線設計參數如表3.3.1所示 44
圖3.3.6 探針饋入式之具有一對刷形槽孔的矩形微帶天線，於實際製作後量測所得的返回損失頻率響應圖：(a)三對突伸槽孔的間距為2 mm，且長度分別為9、8.5及8 mm的設計；(b)五對突伸槽孔的間距為0.5 mm，且長度分別為9、8.5、8、7.5及7 mm的設計；(c)七對突伸槽孔的間距為0 mm，且長度配置的階梯式斜率與(b)相同；其餘天線參數與表3.3.1所示相同 45
圖3.3.7 探針饋入式之具有一對刷形槽孔的矩形微帶天線，於實際製作後量測所得最大天線增益的頻率響應圖；(a)三對突伸槽孔的間距為2 mm，且長度分別為9、8.5及8 mm的設計；(b)五對突伸槽孔的間距為0.5 mm，且長度分別為9、8.5、8、7.5及7 mm的設計；(c)七對突伸槽孔的間距為0 mm，且長度配置的階梯式斜率與(b)相同；其餘天線參數與表3.3.1所示相同 46
圖3.3.8 以單一50W同軸探針饋入之具有一對刷形槽孔的矩形微帶天線的幾何結構圖 47
圖3.4.1 以微帶線嵌入饋入之具有一對刷形槽孔的矩形微帶天線的幾何結構圖 51
圖3.4.2 微帶線嵌入饋入式之具有一對刷形槽孔的矩形微帶天線，於實際製作後量測所得的返回損失頻率響應圖：(a)天線一的設計；(b)天線二的設計；(c)天線三的設計；天線設計參數如表3.4.1所示 52
圖3.4.3 微帶線嵌入饋入式之具有一對刷形槽孔的矩形微帶天線，其天線一的設計於實際製作後量測所得在兩共振模態共振頻率的輻射場型圖：(a)TM10模態，共振頻率為1664 MHz；(b)TMd0模態，共振頻率為1703 MHz；天線設計參數如表3.4.1所示 53
圖3.4.4 微帶線嵌入饋入式之具有一對刷形槽孔的矩形微帶天線，於實際製作後量測所得最大天線增益的頻率響應圖：(a)天線一的設計；(b)天線二的設計；(c)天線三的設計；天線設計參數如表3.4.1所示 54
圖3.5.1 以微帶線直接饋入之具有一對刷形槽孔的矩形微帶天線的幾何結構圖 58
圖3.5.2 採用不同的微帶線直接饋入網路設計之具有一對刷形槽孔的矩形微帶天線，於實際製作後量測所得的返回損失頻率響應圖：(a)饋入網路採用單截式阻抗轉換器的天線一設計；(b)饋入網路採用二截式阻抗轉換器的天線二設計；天線設計參數如表3.5.1所示 59
圖3.5.3 採用單截式阻抗轉換器設計微帶線直接饋入網路之具有一對刷形槽孔的矩形微帶天線，於實際製作後量測所得在兩共振模態共振頻率的輻射場型圖：(a)TM10模態，共振頻率為1838 MHz；(b)TMd0模態，共振頻率為1872 MHz；天線參數如表3.5.1所示 60
圖3.5.4 採用二截式阻抗轉換器設計微帶線直接饋入網路之具有一對刷形槽孔的矩形微帶天線，於實際製作後量測所得在兩共振模態共振頻率的輻射場型圖：(a)TM10模態，共振頻率為1752 MHz；(b)TMd0模態，共振頻率為1805 MHz；天線參數如表3.5.1所示 61
圖3.5.5 採用不同的微帶線直接饋入網路設計之具有一對刷形槽孔的矩形微帶天線，於實際製作後量測所得最大天線增益的頻率響應圖：(a)饋入網路採用單截式阻抗轉換器的天線一設計；(b)饋入網路採用二截式阻抗轉換器的天線二設計；天線設計參數如表3.5.1所示 62
圖4.1.1 以單一50W同軸探針饋入之具有一對直角槽孔的矩形微帶天線的幾何結構圖 66
圖4.1.2 探針饋入式之具有一對直角槽孔的矩形微帶天線，於實際製作後量測所得的返回損失頻率響應圖：(a)長直槽段長度（l2）為19 mm，饋入位置（xp）為2.7 mm的設計；(b) l2 = 25 mm，xp = 2.7 mm的設計；(c) l2 = 30 mm，xp = 2.7 mm的設計；(d) l2= 35 mm，xp = 8.2 mm的設計；其餘天線參數如圖4.1.1中所示 67
圖4.1.3 具有一對直角槽孔的矩形微帶天線，於實際製作後量測所得在兩共振模態共振頻率的輻射場型圖：(a)TM10模態，共振頻率為1574 MHz；(b)TMd0模態，共振頻率為3273 MHz；l2 = 19 mm，xp = 2.7 mm，其餘天線參數如圖4.1.1中所示 68
圖4.2.1 以單一50W同軸探針饋入之具有一對直角槽孔以及一個近似U形槽孔的矩形微帶天線的幾何結構圖 70
圖4.2.2 使用IE3DTM模擬軟體分析所得到的植入一對直角槽孔以及一個近似U形槽孔的矩形微帶天線的雙共振模態所激發的金屬微片表面電流分佈：(a)TM10模態；(b)TMd0模態； er = 4.4，h = 1.6 mm，L = 37.3 mm，W = 24.87 mm，l1 = 10.4 mm，l2 = 33.5 mm，l3 = 11.5 mm，l4 = 6 mm，l5 = 0.5 mm，xp = 2.9 mm，ws = 1 mm 71
圖4.3.1 探針饋入式之具有一對直角槽孔及一個近似U形槽孔的矩形微帶天線，於實際製作後量測所得的返回損失頻率響應圖：(a)天線一的設計；(b)天線二的設計；(c)天線三的設計；天線設計參數如表4.3.1中所示 75
圖4.3.2 具有一對直角槽孔及一個近似U形槽孔的矩形微帶天線，其天線三的設計實例於實際製作後量測所得在兩共振模態共振頻率的輻射場型圖：(a)TM10模態，共振頻率為1844 MHz；(b)TMd0模態，共振頻率為1900 MHz；天線設計參數如表4.3.2所示 76
圖4.3.3 探針饋入式之具有一對直角槽孔及一個近似U形槽孔的矩形微帶天線，於實際製作後量測所得最大天線增益的頻率響應圖：(a)天線一的設計；(b)天線二的設計；(c)天線三的設計；天線設計參數如表4.3.1中所示 77
圖4.3.4 探針饋入式之具有一對直角槽孔及一個近似U形槽孔的矩形微帶天線，於實際製作後量測所得的返回損失頻率響應圖：(a)天線三的設計；(b)天線四的設計；(c)天線五的設計；天線設計參數如表4.3.2中所示 78
圖4.3.5 探針饋入式之具有一對直角槽孔及一個近似U形槽孔的矩形微帶天線，於實際製作後量測所得最大天線增益的頻率響應圖：(a)天線三的設計；(b)天線四的設計；(c)天線五的設計；天線設計參數如表4.3.2中所示 79
圖4.3.6 製作於 RO3003TM 介質基板上的探針饋入式之具有一對直角槽孔及一個近似U形槽孔的矩形微帶天線，量測所得的返回損失頻率響應圖；er = 3.0，h = 1.524 mm，L = 37.3 mm，W = 24.87 mm，l1 = 10.4 mm，l2 = 33.9 mm，l3 = 11 mm，l4 = 7 mm，l5 = 8 mm，xp = -9.4 mm，ws = 0.5 mm，接地微波基板的長寬尺寸分別為60及50 mm，其餘天線參數與圖4.2.1所示相同 80
圖4.3.7 製作於 RO3003TM 介質基板上的探針饋入式之具有一對直角槽孔及一個近似U形槽孔的矩形微帶天線，量測所得最大天線增益的頻率響應圖；天線參數與圖4.3.6中所示相同 81
圖5.2.1 以單一50W同軸探針饋入之具有一對雙彎曲槽孔以及一個附加彎曲槽孔的矩形微帶天線的幾何結構圖 85
圖5.2.2 使用IE3DTM模擬軟體分析所得到的植入一對雙彎曲槽孔以及一個附加彎曲槽孔的矩形微帶天線的雙共振模態所激發的金屬微片表面電流分佈：(a) TM10模態的金屬片表面電流分佈；(b)TMd0模態的金屬片表面電流分佈；er = 4.4，h = 1.6 mm，L = 37.3 mm，W = 24.87 mm，l1 = 0.7 mm，l2 = 0.5 mm，lt = 5 mm，xp = -0.2 mm，其餘天線參數如圖5.2.1中所示 86
圖5.3.1 探針饋入之具有一對雙彎曲槽孔以及一個附加彎曲槽孔的矩形微帶天線，於實際製作後量測所得的返回損失頻率響應圖：(a)天線一的設計；(b)天線二的設計；(c)天線三的設計；(d)天線四的設計；天線設計參數如表5.3.1中所示 89
圖5.3.2 探針饋入之具有一對雙彎曲槽孔以及一個附加彎曲槽孔的矩形微帶天線，其天線三的設計實例於實際製作後量測所得在兩共振模態共振頻率的輻射場型圖：(a)TM10模態，共振頻率為1812 MHz；(b)TMd0模態，共振頻率為1874 MHz；天線設計參數如表5.3.1所示 90
圖5.3.3 探針饋入之具有一對雙彎曲槽孔以及一個附加彎曲槽孔的矩形微帶天線，於實際製作後量測所得最大天線增益的頻率響應圖：(a)天線一的設計；(b)天線二的設計；(c)天線三的設計；(d)天線四的設計；天線設計參數如表5.3.1中所示 91
圖6.2.1 以單一50W同軸探針饋入之具有一對雙彎曲槽孔的矩形微帶天線的幾何結構圖 94
圖6.3.1 使用IE3DTM模擬軟體分析所得到的植入一對雙彎曲槽孔的矩形微帶天線的雙共振模態所激發的金屬微片表面電流分佈：(a)第一個共振模態的金屬片表面電流分佈；(b)第二個共振模態的金屬片表面電流分佈；er = 4.4，h = 1.6 mm，L = 37.3 mm，W = 24.87 mm，a = 17o，b = 75o，l1 = 7 mm，l2 = 0.7 mm，ws = 2 mm，xp = 0 mm，其餘天線設計參數示於圖6.2.1中 99
圖6.3.2 探針饋入式之具有一對雙彎曲槽孔的矩形微帶天線，於實際製作後量測所得的返回損失頻率響應圖：(a)天線六的設計；(b)天線七的設計；(c)天線八的設計；(d)天線九的設計；天線設計參數如表6.3.2中所示 100
圖6.3.3 探針饋入式之具有一對雙彎曲槽孔的矩形微帶天線，其天線六的設計實例於實際製作後量測所得在兩共振模態共振頻率的輻射場型圖：(a)第一個共振模態，共振頻率為1826 MHz；(b)第二個共振模態，共振頻率為1886 MHz；天線設計參數如表6.3.2所示 101
圖6.3.4 探針饋入式之具有一對雙彎曲槽孔的矩形微帶天線，於實際製作後量測所得最大天線增益的頻率響應圖：(a)天線六的設計；(b)天線七的設計；(c)天線八的設計；(d)天線九的設計；天線設計參數如表6.3.2中所示 102






表 格 目 錄
頁次
表2.4.1 探針饋入之具有一對彎曲槽孔的矩形微帶天線，於實際製作後量測所得的操作雙頻特性；er = 4.4，h = 1.6 mm，L = 37.3 mm，W = 24.87 mm，ls = 19 mm，dL = dw = ws = 1 mm，接地微波基板的長寬尺寸分別為60及50 mm 21
表3.3.1 探針饋入式之具有一對不同設計參數的刷形槽孔的矩形微帶天線，於實際製作後量測所得的頻寬特性；er = 4.4，h = 1.6 mm，L = 37.3 mm，W = 24.87 mm，接地微波基板的長寬尺寸分別為60及50 mm，其餘天線參數示於圖3.3.1中 38
表3.4.1 微帶線嵌入饋入式之具有一對刷形槽孔的矩形微帶天線，於實際製作後量測所得的頻寬特性；er = 4.4，h = 1.6 mm，L = 37.3 mm，W = 24.87 mm，Wf = 3 mm，g = 1 mm，接地微波基板的長寬尺寸分別為60及50 mm，其餘天線參數如圖3.4.1中所示 50
表3.5.1 採用不同的微帶線直接饋入網路設計之具有一對刷形槽孔的矩形微帶天線，於實際製作後量測所得的頻寬特性；er = 4.4，h = 1.6 mm，L = 37.3 mm，W = 24.87 mm，接地微波基板的長寬尺寸分別為150及60 mm，其餘天線參數如圖3.5.1中所示 57
表3.6.1 採用不同饋入方式之具有一對刷形槽孔的矩形微帶天線，於實際製作後量測所得各項天線特性的比較 64
表4.3.1 具有一對不同長度設計的直角槽孔及一個近似U形槽孔的矩形微帶天線，於實際製作後量測所得的頻寬特性；er = 4.4，h = 1.6 mm，L = 37.3 mm，W = 24.87 mm，接地微波基板的長寬尺寸分別為60及50 mm，其餘天線參數如圖4.2.1所示 72
表4.3.2 能同時達成增加操作頻寬及使頻寬內的天線增益差小於3dB之具有一對直角槽孔及一個近似U形槽孔的矩形微帶天線，於實際製作後量測所得的頻寬特性；er = 4.4，h = 1.6 mm，L = 37.3 mm，W = 24.87 mm，l3 = 11.5 mm，l4 = 6 mm，l5 = 0.5 mm，接地微波基板的長寬尺寸分別為60及50 mm，其餘天線參數如圖4.2.1所示 73
表5.3.1 以單一50W同軸探針饋入之具有一對雙彎曲槽孔以及一個附加彎曲槽孔的矩形微帶天線，於實際製作後量測所得的頻寬特性；er = 4.4，h = 1.6 mm，L = 37.3 mm，W = 24.87 mm，接地微波基板的長寬尺寸分別為60及50 mm，其餘天線參數如圖5.2.1中所示 88
表6.3.1 具有一對雙彎曲槽孔的矩形微帶天線於實際製作後量測所得的頻寬特性；er = 4.4，h = 1.6 mm，L = 37.3 mm，W = 24.87 mm，ws = 1 mm，接地微波基板的長寬尺寸分別為60及50mm，其餘天線參數示於圖6.2.1中 98
表6.3.2 具有一對雙彎曲槽孔的矩形微帶天線於實際製作後量測所得的頻寬特性；er = 4.4，h = 1.6 mm，L = 37.3 mm，W = 24.87 mm，ws = 2 mm，接地微波基板的長寬尺寸分別為60及50mm，其餘天線參數示於圖6.2.1中 98

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