本論文進行兩次成長實驗分別探討海鱺稚魚甲硫胺酸 (methionine) 及離胺酸 (lysine) 之需求量。實驗一分魚粉飼料組 (魚粉加大豆蛋白為蛋白源) 和酪蛋白飼料組 (酪蛋白加動物膠)，基礎飼料等氮及等能，分別添加結晶甲硫胺酸，使飼料胺基酸含量除甲硫胺酸外皆與海鱺稚魚肌肉胺基酸組成相同，結晶甲硫胺酸預先以CMC包埋。二類飼料各五種，甲硫胺酸含量分別為飼料乾重的0.45、0.70、0.95、1.20及1.45% (或蛋白質量的1.07、1.66、2.26、2.86及3.45% )，共十組飼料，飼料之胱胺酸佔乾重0.16%。飼育實驗以初重約35g的海鱺幼魚進行八週，結果顯示海鱺似乎有能力利用以CMC包埋的結晶胺基酸，成長結果顯示海鱺對魚粉的利用明顯優於酪蛋白，增加飼料甲硫胺酸含量顯著提高 (p<0.05) 海鱺幼魚末重、增重率、飼料轉換率、肝體比、肥滿度、蛋白質效率、蛋白質保留率、魚體一般成份及血清游離之甲硫胺酸，但對肌肉必需胺基酸含量和免疫反應超氧歧化酵素及血清溶菌酵素活性無顯著影響。餵食魚粉飼料1.20%甲硫胺酸組之海鱺成長率最高，餵食0.45%甲硫胺酸組呈負成長。魚粉飼料組0.45%甲硫胺酸含量及酪蛋白飼料各組餵食之海鱺，在飼育六週時頭部出現明顯皮膚傷口，第七週開始大量死亡。當飼料含0.45%甲硫胺酸時，飼料轉換率顯著 (p<0.05 ) 高於其他組。海鱺餵食酪蛋白飼料成長顯著低於餵食魚粉飼料者，海鱺餵食酪蛋白飼料0.7%以上甲硫胺酸時成長無顯著差異，各組試魚皆有肝臟異常黃&#32966;出現。以增重率套入broken-line方法計算，以魚粉及大豆粉為蛋白源時，甲硫胺酸的需求量佔飼料乾重1.10%或蛋白質量2.62%，而以酪蛋白為蛋白源時，甲硫胺酸的需求量佔飼料乾重0.70%或蛋白質量1.67%。實驗二以魚粉加小麥麵筋為蛋白源，另添加CMC包埋結晶離胺酸，使等氮及等能的實驗飼料胺基酸含量除離胺酸外均相等，而六組飼料離胺酸含量分別佔飼料乾重的1.49、1.75、2.00、2.25、2.50及2.75% (或蛋白質量的3.54、4.16、4.76、5.35、5.95及6.54%)。飼育實驗以初重約12g的海鱺幼魚進行八週，結果顯示飼料離胺酸含量增加顯著改善 (p<0.05)海鱺幼魚末重、增重率、飼料轉換率、肥滿度、蛋白質效率、蛋白質保留率、魚體一般成分及血清游離之離胺酸，但對肝體比及肌肉必需胺基酸組成並無顯著影響。海鱺餵食離胺酸1.75%及以上各組飼料，八週後末重及增重率均顯著大於餵食1.49%離胺酸組，飼料轉換率則反之。以增重率套入broken-line方法計算，求得最適離胺酸需求量為飼料乾重的1.76%或蛋白質量的4.19%，而以血清游離離胺酸濃度求得最適需求量為飼料乾重的1.95%或蛋白質的4.64%。飼育實驗中離胺酸缺乏除造成海鱺成長下降外，並無任何身體外觀異常，或如虹鱒離胺酸缺乏所產生尾鰭潰爛的情形。

Two feeding trials were conducted to study the requirements of juvenile cobia for dietary methionine and lysine. Experiment I compared both fishmeal-based (fish meal and soybean meal as protein sources) and casein-based (casein and gelatin as protein sources) diets. All diets were isonitrogenous and isoenergetic. Crystalline amino acids was pre-coated with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and supplemented to simulate the amino acid pattern of juvenile cobia muscle protein except methionine. Five methionine levels of 0.45, 0.70, 0.95, 1.20 and 1.45% (1.07, 1.66, 2.26, 2.86 and 3.45% of protein) were studied. The test diets contained 0.16% cystine. Juvenile cobia (initial weight 35g) were fed test diets for 8 weeks. The results showed that the cobia used fish meal more effectively than casein. Final weight, percent weight gain (PWG), feed conversion ratio(FCR), hepatosomatic index (HSI), condition factor (CF), protein efficiency ratio (PER), protein retention (PR), carcass proximate composition and free methionine concentration in the serum were significantly enhanced (p<0.05) by increasing dietary methionine level. But profile of essential amino acids in the muscle and serum superoxidase and lysozyme activity were not significantly affected. Weight gain of the cobia fed the fishmeal-based diet containing 1.2% methionine was significantly higher than the other dietary groups. Methionine content of 0.45% resulted in reduced growth. No significant difference in weight gain was found in the casein-containing diets when methionine was 0.7% and over. The cobia fed diet containing 0.45% methionine started show apparent skin lesions in their heads on the sixth week of the growth trial and significant mortalities were observed since the seventh week (p<0.05). The optimum dietary level of methionine for cobia, estimated by the broken-line regression analysis on weight gain, was 1.10% (2.62% of protein) based on the fishmeal-based diet results and was 0.70% (1.67% of protein) based on the casein-based diet results. Experiment II used fish meal and wheat gluten as the protein sources. Pre-coated crystalline amino acids were supplemented to simulate the amino acid pattern of juvenile cobia muscle protein except lysine. Lysine levels including 1.49, 1.75, 2.00, 2.25, 2.50 and 2.75% (3.54, 4.16, 4.76, 5.35, 5.95 and 6.54%) were studied. Juvenile cobia (initially 12g) were fed test diets for 8 weeks. The results showed that the final weight, PWG, FCR, CF, PER, PR, carcass proximate composition and free lysine concentration in the serum were significantly enhanced (p<0.05) by increasing lysine levels. But HSI and essential amino acid profile of fish in the muscle were not significantly affected. Final weight and percent weight gain of the cobia fed diets containing 1.75% lysine or over were significantly higher than fish fed diet contained 1.49% lysine. FCR was lower for cobia fed diets containing 1.75% lysine or over than the 1.49% lysine group. The optimum dietary level of lysine, estimated by the broken-line regression analysis on weight gain was 1.76% (4.19% of protein), and was 1.95% (4.64% of protein) on serum free lysine concentration. There was no overt deficiency symptom, such as caudal fin rot in rainbow trout, in the cobia during the growth trial.

中文摘要………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ
英文摘要………………………………………………………………………Ⅲ
目錄……………………………………………………………………………Ⅴ
圖目錄…………………………………………………………………………Ⅵ
表目錄…………………………………………………………………………Ⅶ
文獻回顧……………………………………………………………………… 1
前言……………………………………………………………………………11
材料與方法……………………………………………………………………13
結果……………………………………………………………………………33
實驗一、海鱺之甲硫胺酸需求量……………………………………………33
實驗二、海鱺之離胺酸需求量………………………………………………58
討論……………………………………………………………………………69
結論……………………………………………………………………………75
參考文獻………………………………………………………………………76

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