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博碩士論文 etd-0112115-164652 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0112115-164652
論文名稱
Title
解魅自由主義:約翰・葛雷的政治理論
Disenchanting Liberalism: The Political Theory of John Gray
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
63
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2015-01-27
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2015-02-12
關鍵字
Keywords
葛雷、啟蒙計畫、自由主義、價值多元主義、後自由主義、競爭式自由主義
agonistic liberalism, John Gray, Enlightenment project, liberalism, value pluralism, post-liberalism
統計
Statistics
本論文已被瀏覽 5686 次,被下載 29
The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5686 times, has been downloaded 29 times.
中文摘要
為了回應現代社會中價值多元的處境,當代自由主義者(以羅爾斯為主)的特色之一,便是認為吾人毋須憑藉任何特殊的善觀念,便得以推導出一套具中立性的自由主義理論。而這種理論應該適用於所有不同形式的社會,以引導吾人的實踐生活。因為,如果個人所堅持的價值各異,而這些價值彼此之間又往往不可共量。則一旦價值之間發生衝突,我們將缺乏一套解決衝突的方式。唯有透過一套中立的自由主義理論,吾人方可公正地對待每一個人獨特的價值觀,而個人對於自由的權利也不至於受到侵害。然而,這種排除個人善觀念的理論途徑,近來卻逐漸招致廣泛的批評。
在眾多批評者之中,英國哲學家約翰.葛雷無疑是非常特出的一位。身為當代自由主義主要的批評者之一,早期的葛雷卻曾經嘗試捍衛約翰.彌爾的自由思想,並在一段時期中成為海耶克自由主義的堅定擁護者。直至冷戰結束之際,葛雷卻轉而擁抱價值多元主義,並開始對各種不同的自由主義理論發出全面性的批判。同時,做為當代重要的價值多元主義理論家,葛雷時常宣稱他對於價值多元主義的理解,多來自於以撒.柏林的著作。然而兩相對照之下,兩人有關價值多元主義的理論卻存在有許多不同之處。這也使得葛雷無法同意柏林著作中所呈現的自由主義思想,並轉而開始發展其獨特的政治解決方案,即「暫定協議」理論。
透過對於葛雷不同時期著作之爬梳,我們可以發現,雖然葛雷往往在批判自由主義理論時顯得不遺餘力;然而,他卻從未否認西方傳統的自由生活實踐。他所反對的,僅是當代自由主義者認為吾人得以從一種中立性的觀點出發,以推導出普世適用的自由主義理論。其次,葛雷特殊的價值多元主義觀點,也使其與近來相信自由主義與價值多元主義相輔相成的流行觀點背道而馳。在葛雷的價值多元主義觀點之下,相互衝突的價值觀僅能透過政治上的妥協與協商勉力解決,而無法訴諸某種凌駕一切的普遍性理論。
Abstract
Facing the situation of modern plural societies, one of the many characters of contemporary liberalisms is to show that we can derive a liberal theory from a ‘neutral’ standpoint without appealing to any conceptions of good. Since, if our values are different with each other, and the conflicts between them are often incommensurable, then we will lack any reliable way to cope with such conflicts without a liberal neutralism. Only by a neutral liberal theory that we can hope to treat everyone fairly, and everyone’s right to liberty is thereby protected. However, this neutrality approach which excludes the conception of good has arisen many critiques.
Among many critics of liberalism, John Gray, an English political philosopher, is an extraordinary one. As a famous contemporary anti-liberalist, John Gray tried to defend J. S. Mill’s doctrine of liberty in his early academic life, and later became a supporter of the more classical liberalism provided by F. A. Hayek. However, until the end of the cold war, he suddenly became a value-pluralist, and began to criticize all kinds of liberalisms including previous two which he once tried to defend. Besides, he often claims that his understanding of value pluralism is indebted most particularly to the work of Isaiah Berlin. But in fact there are many differences between them. This makes Gray cannot agree with the species of liberalism which Berlin’s work embodies, and tries to develop his own political theory of ‘Modus Vivendi’.
The thesis aims to show that, first, although he is accustomed to hold a critical attitude toward liberalism, Gray never denies the value of traditional western liberal practices. What he rejects is liberal neutralism which is considered could be applied to all kinds of societies; second, his own version of value pluralism makes him reject the fashionable view that value pluralism is always consistent with liberalism. Under Gray’s view of value pluralism, the dilemma caused by conflicting values can be hoped to be coped with only by political reasoning, which is inherently and avowedly inconclusive, and which admits of compromises and provisional settlements that changeover time and which vary from place to place, rather than by any overarching theory.
目次 Table of Contents
解魅自由主義:約翰.葛雷的政治理論
前言 ...................................................................................................................... 1
第一章 啟蒙自由主義批判 ..................................................................................... 4
第一節 啟蒙與自由主義 ......................................................................................... 4
第二節 標準之闕如 .................................................................................................7
第三節 捍衛自由價值 ............................................................................................16
第二章 價值多元主義與後自由主義 ......................................................................28
第一節 價值多元主義:柏林與葛雷 ......................................................................28
第二節 後自由主義:公民社會歷史傳統與競爭式自由主義 ..................................37
第三節 後自由主義:柏林競爭式的自由主義 ....................................................... 43
第三章 結論 ..........................................................................................................50
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貳、英文部分
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