現今骨材的研究方向主要為惰性金屬在表面處理鍍上羥基磷灰石等生物相容材料以提高生物相容性，乃因為材料製備上的限制，以傳統冶金方式無法得到均勻且具有良好生物相容性之無缺陷複合材料，本論文即利用摩擦攪拌製程成功製作出AZ31B鎂合金與羥基磷灰石的複合材料以作為骨頭的替代材料，由X-ray繞射分析、能量散布光譜分析與耦合電漿質譜分析確認AZ31B鎂合金基材內部確實有第二相羥基磷灰石的顆粒存在，且前、中、後段成份接近，並由掃描式電子顯微鏡觀察到羥磷灰石均勻分。機械性質表現：5 w.t% HAp複合材料之降伏強度為181 ± 7.0 MPa，伸長率可達9.8 ± 0.6 %，硬度值為82.5 ± 4.9 Hv，而10 w.t% HAp複合材料之降伏強度達到211 ± 12.8 MPa，伸長率仍保有6.8 ± 0.5 %，硬度值為106.1 ± 4.8 Hv，其擁有與骨頭相仿的強度但具有更佳地伸長率，且楊氏係數僅為50 GPa左右，將大幅降低應力屏蔽效應的機率，比其他金屬複合物具有更高的潛力作為骨材替代物。
此實驗之摩擦攪拌製程採用16-6-6工具頭，經實驗測試獲得之最佳製程參數為1000 r.p.m.、40 mm/min，而以機械性質表現來看，10 w.t% HAp為最佳成份配方。此外，已知摩擦攪拌製程能夠大幅改變鎂合金的織構，在本實驗中也透過背向散射電子繞射確實觀察到製程前後的織構變化，並發現羥磷灰石的添加有破壞織構排列的現象，使得鎂晶粒呈現隨機排列而有提高機械性質的效果。

The composites of AZ31B magnesium alloy and hydroxyapatite (HAp) were successfully fabricated by using friction stir process (FSP) as the substitute material of bones. X-Ray diffraction, EDS, ICP-MS and SEM analyses confirmed that the hydroxyapatite particles evenly distributed throughout the stirred-zone (SZ). The yield strength of the 5 w.t% HAp composite is 181 ± 7.0 MPa, the elongation is 9.8 ± 0.6 %, and the hardness is 82.5 ± 4.9 Hv, and the yield strength of the 10 w.t% HAp composite is 211 ± 12.8 MPa, the elongation is 6.8 ± 0.5 % and the hardness value is 106.1 ± 4.8 Hv. They are similar to the bone with excellent elongation. Young's modulus is only about 50 GPa, which will greatly reduce the stress shielding effect, and much better than other metal complexes, make it a high potential as the bone substitute.
In this experiment, the optimum process parameters were obtained at 1000 r.p.m. and 40 mm/min. Based on the data of tension test, the mechanical properties of samples with 10 w.t% HAp is the best. In addition. The friction stir process could greatly change the texture of magnesium alloy, but the addition of hydroxyapatite reduced the texture arrangement, so that grains appear random arrangement and the mechanical properties, improve.

誌謝 i
摘要 ii
Abstract iii
目錄 iv
表目錄 vi
圖目錄 vii
第一章 前言 - 1 -
1.1 研究背景說明 - 1 -
1.2 研究動機與目的 - 3 -
第二章 文獻回顧 - 4 -
2.1 可降解生醫材料 - 4 -
2.1.1 生物可降解聚合物 - 4 -
2.1.2 生物可降解金屬 - 5 -
2.1.2.1 生物可降解鐵基合金 - 5 -
2.1.2.2 生物可降解鎂基合金 - 5 -
2.1.2.3 生物可降解鋅基合金 - 6 -
2.1.3 生物可降解陶瓷 - 6 -
2.1.3.1 惰性陶瓷 - 6 -
2.1.3.2 可吸收陶瓷 - 7 -
2.1.3.3 活性玻璃 - 7 -
2.2 摩擦攪拌銲接 - 8 -
2.3 鎂合金的變形機制 - 9 -
2.3.1 鎂的滑移系統與雙晶變形 - 9 -
2.3.2 鎂合金變形與破斷機制 - 13 -
2.3.3 摩擦攪拌製程與織構變化 - 14 -
2.4 複合材料的機械性質 - 15 -
第三章 實驗方法 - 17 -
3.1 實驗材料成份與製備 - 17 -
3.2 摩擦攪拌製程 - 18 -
3.2.1 機台及工具頭 - 18 -
3.2.2 參數設定 - 18 -
3.3 定性、定量分析 - 19 -
3.3.1 X-ray繞射分析（XRD） - 19 -
3.3.2 阿基米德法 - 19 -
3.3.3 耦合電漿質譜分析儀（ICP-MS） - 20 -
3.4 微結構觀察 - 21 -
3.4.1 掃描式電子顯微鏡（SEM） - 21 -
3.4.2 能量散布光譜分析（EDS） - 21 -
3.4.3 背向散射電子繞射（EBSD） - 22 -
3.5 機械性質分析 - 23 -
3.5.1 微硬度試驗 - 23 -
3.5.2 拉伸試驗 - 23 -
3.5.3 拉伸試驗後之金相與破斷面觀察 - 24 -
第四章 實驗結果 - 25 -
4.1 摩擦攪拌製程 - 25 -
4.2 摩擦攪拌試片的成份與顯微組織分析 - 25 -
4.2.1 成份定性定量分析 - 25 -
4.2.2 金相觀察 - 27 -
4.2.3 摩擦攪拌製程與EBSD極圖變化 - 29 -
4.2.4 摩擦攪拌製程與施密得係數變化 - 30 -
4.2.5 微硬度測試 - 30 -
4.3 拉伸試驗結果 - 31 -
4.3.1 機械性質 - 31 -
4.3.2 表面金相觀察 - 31 -
4.3.3 織構的變化 - 32 -
4.3.4 破斷面觀察 - 33 -
第五章 討論 - 35 -
5.1 摩擦攪拌製程 - 35 -
5.1.1 製程參數與成份探討 - 35 -
5.1.2 原位反應的發生與否 - 36 -
5.2 鎂晶體織構與滑移系統的變化 - 37 -
5.3 機械強度的探討 - 40 -
5.3.1 機械強度變化的原因 - 40 -
5.3.2 鎂基複合材料的比較 - 42 -
第六章 結論 - 44 -
參考文獻 - 45 -

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