本研究以中國蘇魯超高壓變質帶東海青龍山地區6個榴輝岩樣品為對象，利用光學、掃描式、穿透式電子顯微鏡（TEM）及拉曼儀鑑定岩石組織及礦物組成，並以礦物析出物為研究重點。岩象觀察發現，岩石礦物組成為石榴子石+綠輝石+角閃石+綠簾石+金紅石±石英±矽白雲母±藍晶石±柯石英假形±磷灰石±滑石，其中綠輝石、磷灰石含有平行排列之析出物。
綠輝石中經TEM觀察到單獨析出的角閃石，單獨析出之角閃石與綠輝石在結構上有良好的順構關係，兩者對應結晶軸互相平行，a、c兩軸長度對應相等，角閃石b軸為綠輝石b軸長度之兩倍，單獨析出的角閃石可能經離析作用自綠輝石中析出。
綠輝石中平行排列析出物經電子顯微分析（EPMA）及TEM電子繞射確認為石英，以石英之長軸方向與綠輝石結晶方位依TEM電子繞射圖像及相關文獻資料進行歸納，推論石英析出位置與綠輝石解理或裂理面有關。另外，石英長軸未必是石英之c軸，石英析出物周邊發現角閃石（韭閃石）與之交生，石英與角閃石之量有正相關，角閃石成分含綠輝石未有的鉀，且石英、角閃石與綠輝石三者結晶結構上無明顯關係，推論交生之石英與角閃石並非由離析作用自綠輝石中析出，而是後期反應產生。
本文提出斜輝石中石英與角閃石析出之二階段成因假設：
（I）受過高壓或超高壓變質作用岩石中之斜輝石，因高壓及高溫作用，使得超量的Si進入斜輝石中，產生Ca-Eskola端成分並具有陽離子空缺，岩石減壓初期斜輝石在解理或裂理面經離析作用（或流體滲入引發）析出微小SiO2（石英或柯石英）並在綠輝石主晶與石英析出物之間產生介面。
（II）SiO2析出後造成其周邊綠輝石成分中SiO2減少及斜輝石解理或裂理裂隙之擴大，在角閃岩相退變質時，外來流體沿裂隙進入綠輝石中發生流體＋綠輝石轉變為石英＋角閃石的反應，並隨反應的程度升高，角閃石與石英同步增加。
磷灰石中有兩種不同析出物出現於不同的榴輝岩中，一種為硫酸鈣(硬石膏或石膏)，另一種為鐵硫化物(可能為磁黃鐵礦)，其中硫酸鈣析出物以往未有相關報導。兩種析出物內之硫元素分別以氧化及還原態存在，顯示其形成時氧的逸壓不同。綜合前人與本研究在磷灰石中所發現的析出物相當多樣且均含矽酸鹽不相容元素研判，雖無法排除離析作用造成此現象之可能，但磷灰石更可能扮演矽酸鹽類礦物不相容元素匯集處，而後依所含元素種類配合相關氧化還原條件產生不同的析出物而非由離析作用造成。

This research studies 6 eclogites from Qinglongshan Donghai in the Sulu ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) province, eastern China. Petrographic microscope, Ramam spectrometer, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) are utilized to identify mineral compositions, microstructures and mineral precipitates. Optical observations show the eclogites with the following mineral assemblage: garnet + omphacite + amphibole + epidote + rutile ± quartz ± phengite ± kyanite ± coesite pseudomorph ± apatite ± talc. Oriented mineral precipitates are found within omphacite and within apatites.
The parallel precipitates in omphacite are quartz rods confirmed by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and TEM diffraction patterns. The direction of the long axes of the quartz rods seem to have relation with the cleavage and with the parting of omphacite. The direction of the long axis of quartz is not necessarily the c axis direction of quartz. Pargasite is intergrown with quartz and the amounts of both minerals seem to have a positive relation. Pargasite contain element K which is not found in omphacite and there is no obvious crystallographic relation between quartz, pargasite, and omphacite.
There is amphibole exsolved from the omphacite and the crystallographic axes of tht exsolved amphibole parallel to those of omphacite. The a and c parameters for the two phases are equal while the b parameter of the amphibole is almost twice that of omphacite.
A two-stage growth mechanism for quartz and amphibole intergrown within omphacite is proposed: (1) very fine quartz rods exsolved (or aided with infilling fluids) from a supersilicic clinopyroxene during decompression, creating grain boundaries between quartz rods and host, (2) growth of amphibole and quartz along the grain boundaries with fluid participation and an expense of omphacite during retrograde metamorphism.
There are two different precipitates within apatites in different eclogites. One of the precipitates is calcium sulfate (anhydrite or gypsum) and the other is ferrous sulfide (pyrrhotite?). There was no report about calcium sulfate within apatite in UHP rocks before. The formation of sulfide (reduced) or sulfate (oxidized) is controlled by the fugacity of oxygen. According to the previous reports and the discoveries of this research, there are many different kinds of precipitates containing silicate incompatible elements in apatites. It can’t be ruled out that the precipitates exsolved from apapites but apatites are more likely to act as sinks of silicate incompatible elements and different minerals precipitated within apatites under different redox conditions rather than exsolution processes.

摘要 I
Abstract III
致謝 V
目錄 VI
表目錄 VIII
圖目錄 IX
礦物或礦物群名中、英文及英文符號對照表 XIII
第一章序論 1
1-1文獻探討 1
1-1-1超高壓變質研究的開端 1
1-1-2超高壓變質作用的定義 3
1-1-3超高壓變質岩隱沒與剝露的機制 4
1-1-4超高壓變質岩之分布 6
1-1-5超高壓變質岩之礦物學研究 8
1-1-6研究區域地質概述 10
1-2研究動機與目的 14
第二章研究方法 15
2-1實驗研究流程 15
2-2實驗研究方法與原理 16
2-2-1岩石光薄片製作 16
2-2-2光學顯微鏡岩象分析 16
2-2-3掃描式電子顯微鏡觀察及微探分析 16
2-2-4拉曼光譜分析 17
2-2-5穿透式電子顯微鏡（TEM）分析 18
2-2-6電子顯微分析再計算 23
第三章研究結果 33
3-1岩象分析 36
3-1-1岩象觀察 36
3-1-2柯石英假形拉曼光譜分析 45
3-2礦物析出物分析 46
3-2-1綠輝石中石英與角閃石析出物 46
3-2-2磷灰石中透光與不透光兩種析出物 50
3-3主要礦物電子微探分析 55
3-4綠輝石中石英析出量與綠輝石端成分之估算 64
3-5穿透式電子顯微鏡分析 69
第四章討論 90
4-1綠輝石中石英析出 90
4-1-1斜輝石中具方向排列石英析出相關研究 90
4-1-2斜輝石與石英析出物之結晶構造關係 92
4-1-3斜輝石與角閃石交生機制及角閃石所含OH來源 94
4-1-4石英與角閃石交生現象 97
4-1-5斜輝石中石英析出物為離析作用產物？ 98
4-2磷灰石中鐵硫化物及硫酸鈣析出 100
第五章結論 102
參考文獻 104
附錄一：TEM不同tilt angle之間夾角計算 112
附錄二：六大晶系晶面間距、晶面夾角及晶帶軸夾角計算 113
表目錄
表2-1索引綠輝石、角閃石及石英之電子繞射圖像使用之晶格參數 22
表2-2理想輝石試算結果表 28
表3-1榴輝岩礦物組成與析出物 36
表3-2硬石膏、石膏與磷灰石比較表 52
表3-3 CL001主要礦物成分分析表 55
表3-4 CL002主要礦物成分分析表 56
表3-5 CL003主要礦物成分分析表 57
表3-6 CL004主要礦物成分分析表 58
表3-7 CL005主要礦物成分分析表 59
表3-8 CL006主要礦物成分分析表 60
表3-9 綠簾石Ps值 61
表3-10 CL002之綠輝石及綠輝石加入石英析出物後成分，再將鐵分別以二價及三價計算端成分比較表 67
表3-11 CL002中綠輝石與綠輝石中與石英交生的角閃石之TEM EDS 半定量成分分析表 87
圖目錄
圖1-1超高壓及高壓變質作用溫壓範圍圖 3
圖1-2超高壓地塊的隱沒-剝露模式及概略地溫結構示意圖 5
圖1-3全球超高壓變質地塊分布圖 7
圖1-4蘇魯超高壓變質帶地質圖 10
圖2-1研究流程圖 15
圖2-2穿透式電子顯微鏡構造簡圖 18
圖2-3繞射電子束與影像成像位置示意圖 18
圖2-4三斜晶系晶格 19
圖2-5倒晶格向量g與晶面（hkl）關係圖 20
圖2-6 λL=Rd幾何關係圖 21
圖2-7中山貴儀TEM與成大地科系TEM x-tilt及y-tilt方向 22
圖2-8 (Ca+Na)B對NaB四大類角閃石分布示意圖 25
圖2-9鈣質群角閃石分類圖 26
圖2-10鈉鈣質群角閃石分類圖 27
圖2-11輝石成分Q-J圖 30
圖2-12 Quad群輝石成分分布命名圖 31
圖2-13 Na及Ca-Na群輝石成分分布命名圖 31
圖3-1 CL001外觀 33
圖3-2 CL002外觀 33
圖3-3 CL003外觀 34
圖3-4 CL004外觀 34
圖3-5 CL005外觀 35
圖3-6 CL006外觀 35
圖3-7榴輝岩薄片光學影像（一） 37
圖3-8榴輝岩背反式電子影像（一） 37
圖3-9榴輝岩薄片光學影像（二） 38
圖3-10榴輝岩背反式電子影像（二） 38
圖3-11榴輝岩薄片光學影像（三） 39
圖3-12榴輝岩薄片光學影像（四） 39
圖3-13綠輝石邊緣退變質現象（一） 40
圖3-14綠輝石邊緣退變質現象（二） 40
圖3-15綠輝石邊緣退變質現象（三） 41
圖3-16綠輝石邊緣BSE影像 41
圖3-17柯石英假形（一） 42
圖3-18柯石英假形（二） 42
圖3-19柯石英假形（三） 43
圖3-20柯石英假形（四） 43
圖3-21柯石英假形（五） 44
圖3-22柯石英假形（六） 44
圖3-23柯石英假形拉曼實驗譜線 45
圖3-24綠輝石中具方向排列之析出物 46
圖3-25綠輝石中具方向排列之析出物BSE影像 47
圖3-26綠輝石中石英與角閃石交生現象圖 47
圖3-27圖3-26紅色框線區域放大圖 48
圖3-28圖3-27視野之BSE影像 48
圖3-29綠輝石中具方向性石英析出物分布圖（一） 49
圖3-30綠輝石中具方向性石英析出物分布圖（二） 49
圖3-31磷灰石及內部透光析出物（一） 50
圖3-32磷灰石及內部透光析出物（二） 50
圖3-33磷灰石（圖3-32）與析出物BSE影像及EDS分析圖譜 51
圖3-34磷灰石及內部不透光析出物（一） 53
圖3-35磷灰石及內部不透光析出物（二） 53
圖3-36磷灰石（圖3-35）析出物BSE影像及EDS分析圖譜 54
圖3-37石榴子石成分分布圖 61
圖3-38斜輝石成分分布圖 62
圖3-39角閃石成分分布圖 63
圖3-40綠輝石中石英析出量計算過程 65
圖3-41薄化之綠輝石TEM試片光學影像 69
圖3-42a綠輝石中石英與角閃石交生之TEM明視野影像 70
圖3-42b綠輝石B=[102] TEM擇區電子繞射圖像 70
圖3-42c石英B=[302] TEM擇區電子繞射圖像 71
圖3-42d綠輝石B=[102]與石英B=[302]經tilt angle修正後立體投影圖 71
圖3-43a綠輝石中角閃石薄板與疑似石英析出物之TEM明視野影像 72
圖3-43b綠輝石B=[101] TEM擇區電子繞射圖像 73
圖3-43c角閃石B=[101] TEM擇區電子繞射圖像 73
圖3-43d綠輝石與角閃石結晶方位之立體投影圖 74
圖3-44a綠輝石中長板狀石英析出物TEM影像 75
圖3-44b綠輝石B=[-1-30] TEM電子繞射圖像 76
圖3-44c石英B=[201] TEM電子繞射圖像 76
圖3-44d角閃石B=[111] TEM電子繞射圖像 77
圖3-44e綠輝石B=[-1-30]之立體投影圖 77
圖3-45a綠輝石中石英析出物TEM影像（一） 78
圖3-45b綠輝石B=[3-16] TEM擇區電子繞射圖像 79
圖3-45c石英B=[230] TEM擇區電子繞射圖像 79
圖3-45d綠輝石B=[3-16]之立體投影圖 80
圖3-46a綠輝石中石英析出物TEM影像（二） 81
圖3-46b綠輝石B=[-1-3-1] TEM擇區電子繞射圖像 82
圖3-46c石英B=[0-3-1] TEM擇區電子繞射圖像 82
圖3-46d角閃石B=[112] TEM擇區電子繞射圖像 83
圖3-46e綠輝石B=[-1-3-1]之立體投影圖 83
圖3-47a綠輝石中石英析出物TEM影像（三） 84
圖3-47b綠輝石B=[0-10] TEM擇區電子繞射圖像 85
圖3-47c石英B=[100] TEM擇區電子繞射圖像 85
圖3-47d角閃石B=[-1-1-2] TEM擇區電子繞射圖像 86
圖3-47e綠輝石B=[0-10]之立體投影圖 86
圖3-48石英TEM EDS分析圖譜 88
圖3-49角閃石TEM EDS分析圖譜 88
圖3-50綠輝石TEM EDS分析圖譜 89
圖4-1石英析出物長軸與綠輝石之空間關係圖 92

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