Responsive image
博碩士論文 etd-0116113-141054 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0116113-141054
論文名稱
Title
在扇形FFR網路中換手中斷機率的數學模型
A Mathematical Model for Handoff-Call Blocking Probability in Sectorized FFR Networks
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
73
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2013-01-08
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2013-01-16
關鍵字
Keywords
馬可夫鏈、連線中斷率、移動率、扇形區域、換手
Markov chains, blocking probability, mobility, sector, handoff, FFR
統計
Statistics
本論文已被瀏覽 5753 次,被下載 347
The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5753 times, has been downloaded 347 times.
中文摘要
本論文在FFR (Fractional Frequency Reuse)網路下建立數學模型來分析Handoff Call (HC)的連線中斷率,FFR網路下可分為Super Group (SG)和Sectors兩個區域,在FFR網路下會產生三種不同的HCs,分別為SG到Sector、Sector到SG、Sector到Sector的HC,我們使用移動率(Mobility)來描述這三種HCs的移動情形,移動率是Mobile Station (MS)的移動速度與平均移動距離的比值,平均移動距離的推導必須先求得三種HCs在不同區域的最遠移動距離,MS從SG到Sector的最遠移動距離為SG的直徑,MS從Sector到SG的最遠移動距離可由畢氏定理或餘弦定理求得,MS在相鄰兩Sector間的最遠移動距離可由餘弦定理求得。
為了在FFR網路下分析HC的連線中斷率,我們使用馬可夫鏈(Markov Chains)來建立數學模型,馬可夫鏈間的狀態轉移率是由New Call (NC)的產生與結束以及HC在不同區域間的移動率來決定,最後,我們藉著改變MS的移動速度、Sector的個數、SG的半徑大小,從馬可夫鏈的狀態轉移矩陣(State Transition Matrix)中來分析HC在不同區域移動時的連線中斷率。
Abstract
In this thesis, we construct a mathematical model for FFR (Fractional Frequency Reuse) networks to analyze the blocking probability of handoff call (HC). Because an FFR network consists of two areas:super group (SG) and sectors, three different HCs exist, SG to Sector HC, Sector to SG HC, and Sector to Sector HC. Thus, we can use “mobility” to characterize the moving behaviors of three types of HCs. Mobility is defined as the average moving distance of mobile station (MS) divided by the velocity of MS. To derive the average moving distance of MS, we have to compute the longest moving distance of three types of HCs in different regions. The longest moving distance of the first-type HC is simply the diameter of SG. The longest moving distance of the second-type and the third-type HC can be derived by Pythagorean Theorem and Cosine Theorem respectively.
Markov chains model is used to bulid the mathematical model. State transition rates between Markov chains are determined by the initiation and the termination of new calls (NC) and the mobility of the three types of HCs. Finally, we evaluate the blocking probability of three-types HCs from the state transition matrix of Markov chains by varying the velocity of MS, the number of sectors, and the radius of SG.
目次 Table of Contents
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.2 研究方法 1
1.3 章節介紹 3
第二章 FFR網路內的連線研究 4
2.1 FFR networks 4
2.1.1 FFR 4
2.1.2 OFDMA Channels 6
2.1.3 New Call和Handoff Call的連線中斷 7
2.2 相關研究 8
第三章 FFR網路的連線中斷機率 13
3.1 系統架構 13
3.2 HC的移動率 15
3.2.1 SG到Sector的移動率 15
3.2.2 Sector到SG的移動率 17
3.2.3 兩個Sector間的移動率 19
3.3 系統運作流程 21
3.4 數學模型建立 24
3.4.1 數學模型假設 24
3.4.2 馬可夫鏈 24
第四章 數學分析與結果討論 32
4.1 分析參數 32
4.2 效能參數的設定 35
4.3 數值結果與分析 36
4.3.1 SG半徑固定時的連線中斷機率 36
4.3.2 SG半徑改變時的連線中斷機率 41
4.3.3 提高NC在SG的產生率 44
4.3.4 系統中斷機率的分析 46
第五章 結論與未來工作 48
5.1 結論 48
5.2 未來工作 49
References 51
INDEX 56
附錄 59
參考文獻 References
[1] N. Krishnan, R. D. Yates, N. B. Mandayam, and J. S. Panchal, “Bandwidth Sharing for Relaying in Cellular Systems,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 11, issue 1, pp. 117-129, Jan. 2012.
[2] M. Porjazoski and B. Popovski, “Contribution to Analysis of Intercell Interference Coordination in LTE-A: Fractional Frequency Reuse Case,” Global Mobile Congress (GMC), pp. 1-4, Oct. 18-19, 2010.
[3] T. D. Novlan, R. K. Ganti, A. Ghosh, and J. G. Andrews, “Analytical Evaluation of Fractional Frequency Reuse for Heterogeneous Cellular Networks,” IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 60, issue 7, pp. 2029-2039, Jul. 2012.
[4] J. Kim and W. S. Jeon, “Two Practical Resource Allocation Techniques for Fractional Frequency Reuse in IEEE 802.16m Networks,” International Conference on Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing (IWCMC), pp. 261-265, Jul. 4-8, 2011.
[5] Y. Pan, A. Nix and M. Beach, “Distributed Resource Allocation for OFDMA-Based Relay Networks,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 60, issue 3, pp. 919-931, Mar. 2011.
[6] S. H. Ali and V. C. M. Leung, “Dynamic Frequency Allocation in Fractional Frequency Reused OFDMA Networks,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 8, issue 8, pp. 4286-4295, Aug. 2009.
[7] H. Xiao and Z. Feng, “A Novel Fractional Frequency Reuse Architecture and Interference Coordination Scheme for Multi-cell OFDMA Networks,” IEEE 71st Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC 2010-Spring), pp. 1-5, May 16-19, 2010.
[8] L. C. Wang and C. J. Yeh, “3-Cell Network MIMO Architectures with Sectorization and Fractional Frequency Reuse,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 29, issue 6, pp. 1185-1199, Jun. 2011.
[9] T. D. Novlan, R. K. Ganti, A. Ghosh, and J. G. Andrews, “Analytical Evaluation of Fractional Frequency Reuse for OFDMA Cellular Networks,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 10, issue 12, pp. 4294-4305, Dec. 2011.
[10] A. Darwish, A. S. Ibrahim, A. H. Badawi, and H. Elgebaly, “Performance Improvement of Fractional Frequency Reuse in WiMAX Network,” IEEE 73rd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring), pp. 1-5, May 15-18, 2011.
[11] I. Koutsopoulos and L. Tassiulas, “The Impact of Space Division Multiplexing on Resource Allocation: A Unified Treatment of TDMA, OFDMA and CDMA,” IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 56, issue 2, pp. 260-269, Feb. 2008.
[12] M. Jamal, B. Horia, K. Maria, and I. Alexandru, “Study of Multiple Access Schemes in 3GPP LTE OFDMA vs. SC-FDMA,” International Conference on Applied Electronics (AE), pp. 1-4, Sep. 7-8, 2011.
[13] V. G. Vassilakis, G. A. Kallos, I. D. Moscholios, and M. D. Logothetis, “On the Handoff-Call Blocking Probability Calculation in W-CDMA Cellular Networks,” Fourth Advanced International Conference on Telecommunications (AICT '08), pp. 173-179, Jun. 8-13, 2008.
[14] V. Goswami and P. K. Swain, “A MAHO Based Prioritized Handoff Queueing Scheme in Cellular Networks,” Third International Conference on Advanced Computing (ICoAC), pp. 254-259, Dec. 14-16, 2011.
[15] Y. SUN, M. LI and L. R. TANG, “A Dynamic Channel Allocation Scheme Based on Handoff Reserving and New Call Queuing,” International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems Engineering (CASE), pp. 1-4, Jul. 30-31, 2011.
[16] A Sharma and U. Bhattacharya, “A New Channel Reservation Scheme to Reduce Call Blocking in Cellular Networks,” International Conference on Selected Topics in Mobile and Wireless Networking (iCOST), pp. 42-47, Oct. 10-12, 2011.
[17] M. Z. Chowdhurya, Y. M. Janga and Z. J. Haasb, “Call Admission Control based on Adaptive Bandwidth Allocation for Multi-Class Services in Wireless Networks,” International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 358-361, Nov. 17-19, 2010.
[18] A. Bozkurt, E. Uçar and R. Akdeniz, “Call Admission Control Policy for Integration of Voice/Data Traffic in Cellular Mobile Networks,” Second International Conference on Computational Intelligence, Communication Systems and Networks (CICSyN), pp. 384-388, Jul. 28-30, 2010.
[19] Y. Kim, S. Pack and W. Lee, “Mobility-Aware Call Admission Control Algorithm in Vehicular WiFi Networks,” IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 2010), pp. 1-5, Dec. 6-10, 2010.
[20] J. S. Chen, H. C. Chen, Y. F. Huang, C. C. Wei, and K. C. Chuang, “An Adaptive Capacity Enhancement Strategy for Sector-Based Cellular Systems,” International Journal on Computers and Mathematics with Applications, vol. 64, issue 5, pp. 1462-1472, Sep. 2012.
[21] C. Mala, M. Loganathan, N. P. Gopalan, and B. SivaSelvan, “A Novel Genetic Algorithm Approach to Mobility Prediction in Wireless Networks,” Second International Conference on Contemporary Computing, Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol. 40, pp. 49-57, Aug. 17-19, 2009.
[22] R. Kwan, R. Arnott, R. Trivisonno, and M. Kubota, “On Preemption and Congestion Control for LTE Systems,” IEEE 72nd Vehicular Technology Conference Fall (VTC 2010-Fall), pp. 1-5, Sep. 6-9, 2010.
[23] H. Shahzad and H. Taheri, “Resource Management based on Future Traffic Estimation and 2-Tier Structure for 4G Cellular Network,” International Conference on Information Technology and e-Services (ICITeS), pp. 1-4, Mar. 24-26, 2012.
[24] M. A. Al-Sanabani, S. K. Shamala, M. Othman, and Z. A. Zukarnain, “Multi-class Bandwidth Reservation Scheme Based on Mobility Prediction for Handoff in Multimedia Wireless/Mobile Cellular Networks,” International Journal on Wireless Personal Communications, vol. 46, issue 2, pp. 143-163, Jul. 2008.
[25] H. Purmehdi and F. Lahouti, “Channel Sharing in Hybrid Sectorized Cellular Networks with Coverage-limited Relays,” Third UKSim European Symposium on Computer Modeling and Simulation (EMS '09), pp. 564-568, Nov. 25-27, 2009.
[26] W. Wang, L. Xu, Y. Zhang, and J. Zhong, “A Novel Cell-Level Resource Allocation Scheme for OFDMA System,” International Conference on Communications and Mobile Computing (CMC '09), vol. 1, pp. 287-292, Jan. 6-8, 2009.
[27] Y. Cho, E. Oh and D. Hong, “A New Modeling Scenario and Analysis of Handoff Algorithms in Multisector Systems With Cochannel Interference,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 58, issue 3, pp. 1407-1414, Mar. 2009.
[28] S. P. Chung and Y. W. Chen, “Performance Analysis of Call Admission Control in SFR-Based LTE Systems,” IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 16, issue 7, pp. 1014-1017, Jul. 2012.
[29] Z. Lu, H. Tian, Q. Sun, B. Huang, and S. Zheng, “An Admission Control Strategy for Soft Frequency Reuse Deployment of LTE Systems,” 7th IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference (CCNC), pp. 1-5, Jan. 9-12, 2010.
[30] L. Li, D. Liang and W. Wang, “A Novel Semi-Dynamic Inter-Cell Interference Coordination Scheme Based on User Grouping,” IEEE 70th Vehicular Technology Conference Fall (VTC 2009-Fall), pp. 1-5, Sep. 20-23, 2009.
[31] S-E. Elayoubi, O. B. Haddada and B. Fouresti E, “Performance Evaluation of Frequency Planning Schemes in OFDMA-based Networks,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 7, issue 5, pp. 1623-1633, May 2008.
[32] S. Y. Kim, S. Ryu, C. H. Choc, and H. W. Lee, “Performance Analysis of a Cellular Network Using Frequency Reuse Partitioning,” International Journal on Performance Evaluation, vol. 70, issue 2, pp. 77-89, Feb. 2013.
電子全文 Fulltext
本電子全文僅授權使用者為學術研究之目的,進行個人非營利性質之檢索、閱讀、列印。請遵守中華民國著作權法之相關規定,切勿任意重製、散佈、改作、轉貼、播送,以免觸法。
論文使用權限 Thesis access permission:自定論文開放時間 user define
開放時間 Available:
校內 Campus: 已公開 available
校外 Off-campus: 已公開 available


紙本論文 Printed copies
紙本論文的公開資訊在102學年度以後相對較為完整。如果需要查詢101學年度以前的紙本論文公開資訊,請聯繫圖資處紙本論文服務櫃台。如有不便之處敬請見諒。
開放時間 available 已公開 available

QR Code