臺灣民主化影響能源部門的發展，也同時穩固經濟的發展。臺灣因為身為「亞洲四小龍」之一而備受矚目；而近期也由於幾乎完全依賴進口能源（煤炭、石油和天然氣），以及國內的驚人的溫室氣體排放率，引起人們的關注。本篇論文使用威權主義、支持聯盟框架及間歇式均衡分析了歷史事件、政策及立法對能源結構發展的影響。此項分析涵蓋了龍門核能發電廠、能源資源的多樣化、能源安全及永續能源產業的推動等議題。利用廣泛能源安全定義解析能源政策。最後，由於臺灣過去和當前的能源狀況發展皆受到影響選民的某項趨勢的影響，因此建立了一項問卷以調查選民對某些特定能源問題的知識及政治觀點。假設：由於政府缺乏透明度以及對於兩大主要政黨的不信任，選民的公民參與會與執政黨有相反的趨勢。因此，中華民國政府一直未能實現其陳述的可再生能源及其他能源目標，這是政府缺乏透明度與採取非實質性行動的結果。

Democratization of Taiwan has resulted in development of the energy sector and robust economic development alongside it. With its status as one of the “Four Asian Tigers,” Taiwan has been thrust into the spotlight and now garners attention because of its nearly complete dependence on foreign imports of energy resources (coal, oil, and natural gas) and the island’s remarkably high GHG emissions rate. Utilizing Fractured Authoritarianism, Advocacy Coalition Framework, and Punctuated Equilibrium model of policy change, this thesis analyzes the historical events, policies, and legislation that have developed Taiwan’s energy mix. This analysis covers the issues of the Lungmen nuclear power plant, diversification of energy resources, energy security, and the push toward a sustainable energy industry. The aspect of energy policy is broken down and considered alongside a definition of Broader Energy Security. And finally, because of the historical and current development of Taiwan’s energy situation are impacted by the trends that influence voters, a survey was created to investigate voters’ knowledge and political views regarding certain energy issues. It is hypothesized that because of a lack of transparency and a (historical) distrust of the dominant political parties that voters’ civic participation sees trends that oppose the present incumbent presidential party. Therefore the R.O.C. government’s consistent failure to achieve its stated renewable and other energy goals is a result of a lack of transparency and insubstantial action on the part of the government.

Thesis Validation Letter i
Acknowledgements ii
摘要 iii
Abstract iv
Table of Contents v
Table of Figures viii
Table of Tables x
List of Acronyms xi
Introduction 1
Introduction, Interest, and Relevance 1
Purpose 6
Chapter 1: Literature Review and Research Structure 10
1.1 Literature Review 10
Context 10
Energy Security 13
Literature on Taiwanese governance 19
Conclusion 24
1.2 Research Methods 25
1.3 Analytical Framework 27
Fragmented authoritarianism 27
Criticisms of Fragmented Authoritarianism 29
Advocacy Coalition Framework 29
Punctuated Equilibrium model of policy change 30
Broader Energy Security 32
Conclusion 33
1.4 Limitations on Research 35
1.5 Introduction of Chapters 36
Chapter 2: The Chiang Presidential Regimes (1949-1987): results, scandals, and the path to public advocacy coalitions 39
2.1 Unilateral Decision-making: Chiang Regimes 39
2.2 Energy policy during authoritarianism 40
2.3 Energy crisis and diversification of energy resources 47
2.4 The Hsinchu program 49
2.5 The advent of Taiwanese Nuclear Energy 52
2.6 The move toward democratization 54
Conclusion 56
Chapter 3: Democratic Presidencies and the Developing Energy Situation 59
3.1 Lee Teng-Hui (1988-2000) 59
Democratization and continued rise of anti-nuclear sentiment 59
Nuclear cover-ups during Lee Teng-Hui Presidency and their impacts 61
Lungmen nuclear power plant (NPP4) 64
EPA and the EIA Act 66
Environmental NGOs and social movements 67
Advancement of energy policy 68
Public perceptions after leaving office 73
3.2 Chen Shui-bian (2000-2008) 75
The DPP and the fight against NPP4 75
Electricity Act amendments, the Referendum Act and the Nuclear Emergency Response Act 81
Restructuring the Energy Commission to the BOE, and the EPA 82
National Energy Conferences & the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol 83
Accomplishments & perceptions after leaving office 86
3.3 Ma Ying-jeou (2008-2016) 89
Democratic transition: a return to the KMT 89
Energy Policy and Status 89
Paris Agreement 2015 93
Ma Ying-jeou’s nuclear power dilemma 95
Nuclear waste: political nightmare 99
Results and Perceptions at the end of 2nd term 101
3.4 Conclusions 107
Chapter 4: 2016-Present: Tsai Ing-wen, the Energy Mix, and Current Energy Trends 109
4.1 Tsai Ing-wen 2016-Present 109
The DPP’s second chance 109
The Energy Transition Policy: REDA, Electricity Act, & Energy Administration Act 110
Trouble in Taichung 121
Nuclear-Free Homeland, 2018 Referendum, and NPP4 122
4.2 Public participation & NGOs 128
4.3 Current outlook on power infrastructure 131
Taiwan Power Company and Independent Power Providers 131
Electricity distribution grid 133
Energy resource imports 135
4.4 International comparisons: What can Taiwan learn? 136
Germany’s energy transformation: Energiewende 136
UK and nuclear power reliance 139
4.5 Conclusion 141
Chapter 5 Survey Research: Methods, Results, and Conclusions 144
5.1 Survey relevance 144
5.2 Survey introduction 145
5.2 Process 147
5.4 Hypotheses 149
5.3 Data 152
Independent Variables 152
Demographic Variables 153
Dependent Variables 153
5.5 Results and discussion 156
Demographic analysis 156
Dependent variable analysis 162
Hypothesis and SPSS Crosstabulation results 178
Survey conclusions 181
Conclusion 183
Bibliography 185
Books 185
Journal Articles 187
Online News Articles 191
Multimedia & Audiovisual 198
Reports and Webpages 199
Appendix 202
Google Forms Questionnaire 202
Survey Response Data 210

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