隨著電業自由化與市場競爭的來臨，維持電源供給的可靠度及系統運轉的安全操作，將是獨立系統操作者(ISO)或決策者首要關心的課題。系統操作由於因為各種相關之決策因素眾多，使之越趨複雜，若不輔以計算機協助，單靠ISO或決策者，實難以勝任。其中一套具強韌性之快速系統分析工具為傳統EMS系統中最重要的功能之一，而此一功能仍將被保留至自由化後新EMS架構之下，用以應付新環境下系統「即時」分析之重責大任，以加強電力調度整體的可靠與安全性。本論文首先發展出一套多頻三相負載潮流模型，其可分為基本頻率(FPF)與諧波頻率(HPF)兩個子模型。基頻模型中線路、發電機與負載匯流排之模型皆以等效注入電流的觀念進行推導。諧波頻率模型中，各種諧波源亦視為等效注入匯流排之諧波電流，其來源可由傅立葉分析或利用基頻模型預先執行後所得之系統狀態參數，經由各諧波源之諧波模型而求得。為了更進一步改善上述模型之程式執行時間，本文再行針對FPF與HPF推導假設模型與解耦模型(AFPF、DFPF與DHPF)。經過本文之測試結果得以驗證本文提出之負載潮流模型之收斂特性與強韌性均優於傳統負載潮流演算模型。再者，本文以穩態AC潮流解為基礎，利用線路參數以及等效注入電流觀念，從工程理論的角度出發，且無須任何假設，推導出潮流追蹤法，分為逆向潮流追蹤模型(UTM)與順向潮流追蹤模型(DTM)兩法。此兩法各以一個貢獻度矩陣表示線路潮流量與每一發電機注入功率之間的線性關係。利用此一線性關係，再進一步推求各發電方在每一負載方的貢獻度，追蹤的過程中可以將線路潮流中之逆潮流成分分解出來。最後以電力追蹤之結果，在考慮逆向潮流的情形下，提出一套具公平性之線路使用因數計算法，分別對於各參與方在線路上之實、虛功使用率進行分配，作為收取輸電費用之依據。

With the deregulation of power industry and the market competition, reliable power supply and secured system operation are major concerns of the independent system operator (ISO). Power system operation under deregulated environment is very complicated with various possibilities of decisions involved. A robust and fast network analysis tool is one of important functions of conventional EMS, and this function will be reserved for the on-line analysis to deal with varied behaviors of the new deregulated environment. Firstly, a multiple-frequency three-phase load flow model was developed in this dissertation. There are two new sub-models including the fundamental power flow (FPF) and harmonic frequency power flow (HPF) model. In FPF, models of electrical elements and injected power on buses were treated in the form of current injections in a transmission system. The standard Fourier analysis was used to deal with the harmonic loads to get injection currents. With harmonic currents as equivalent current sources, the HPF can be derived. Besides, the fast assumptive model and decoupled model of FPF and HPF, called AFPF, DFPF and DHPF, were also proposed to improve execution time of the load flow programs. Test results show that the proposed general-purpose methods are better performers than conventional power flow solutions and are very robust. Secondly, the novel method, Upstream Tracing Model (UTM) and Downstream Tracing Model (DTM), to trace the power flow in transmission systems based on the converged AC power flow solution was proposed. The method is formulated by using the transmission network structure, the equivalent current-injection and load-admittances from the engineering viewpoint. Four steps are used to trace the linear relationship between each line flow and generator injection power without any assumption and the counter flow can be traced out, then the power consumption on each load can be represented as generators’ contribution. According to the result of tracing, the loss of each line can be allocated to each generator by using a fair line usage concept. This tracing algorithm can calculate each generator’s contribution quickly and fairly, and can be integrated into the existent tariffs of charging for transmission losses and services.

目 錄
致謝 I
論文提要 III
目錄 V
圖目錄 VIII
表目錄 X
符號表 XII

第一章 緒論 1
1-1研究背景與動機 1
1-2論文主要貢獻 5
1-3論文架構 6
第二章 多頻負載潮流法 8
2-1 前言 8
2-2 基頻負載潮流分析法 9
2-3 諧波負載潮流分析法 18
2-4 本章結論 21
第三章 解耦法與設備模型 23
3-1 前言 23
3-2 具常數Jacobian矩陣之假設法則 23
3-3 實、虛部解耦法 28
3-4 設備模型之推導 30
3-5 本章結論 38
第四章 電力代輸與潮流追蹤 39
4-1 前言 39
4-2 電力買賣交易與電力代輸 40
4-3 電力潮流追蹤相關理論 43
4-3-1 比例分配因子法 43
4-3-2 比例分配圖形法 46
4-4 等效電流為基礎之電力潮流追蹤法 50
4-4-1 逆向潮流追蹤模型 52
4-4-2 順向潮流追蹤模型 59
4-5 線路損失追蹤 64
4-5-1逆向損失分配模型 64
4-5-2順向損失分配模型 66
4-6 代輸費用之計價 68
4-6-1 代輸費用計價相關策略 69
4-6-2 線路實、虛功使用費計價策略 73
4-7 本章結論 80
第五章 模擬測試與結果分析 82
5-1 前言 82
5-2 等效電流為基礎之多頻負載潮流模型整合測試 82
5-2-1收斂準確度測試 83
5-2-2總諧波失真測試 89
5-2-3 性能測試 91
5-2-4 強韌度測試 94
5-2-5 諧波電壓頻譜分析 98
5-3 整合型電力潮流控制器測試 102
5-4 電力潮流追蹤測試 104
5-4-1 線路潮流追蹤 105
5-4-2 負載貢獻量追蹤 114
5-4-3 損失貢獻量追蹤 116
5-5 線路使用率之計算 117
第六章 結論與未來研究方向 124
6-1 本文結論 124
6-2 未來研究方向 127
參考文獻 129
著作目錄 135
作者簡歷 138

圖 目 錄
圖2-1 單相輸電線路

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