作為一本後設小說《魔法師》(The Magus [1978])，具有內部指涉的效果。藉由此本小說，約翰•傅敖斯不但表現出個人獨特的寫作風格，並且透過其螺旋式論述架構、富饒寓意的修辭與多重神話象徵，延伸了小說書寫的可能性。本論文除了分析小說的鏡像文本，更進一步探討如何從鏡像文本中闡釋其神話意義。此二者間的關係強化了書中男主角冒險歷程的重要性——英雄的人格發展過程。

論文第一章，分析小說的敘事策略及鏡像文本與主要文本之間的關聯性，並沿用米琪•勃爾(Mieke Bal)的敘事學理論來定義書中的鏡像文本，繼而提出鏡像文本的作用: 鏡像文本透過對照與解構，將主要文本的缺失投射出來。第二章一方面應用浮拉敏爾•普洛浦(Vladimir Propp)的民間故事形態學描繪本書的文本公式，另一方面，以喬瑟夫•坎伯(Joseph Campbell)的神話學討論英雄歷程的模式與其重要性。這部分同時探討神話的主題如何成為《魔法師》的敘事架構。檢視小說的結構和語意之後，第三章著重英雄的心理狀態，並以容格的心理分析法探討書中神話象徵，進而解釋英雄人格塑成的意義。在小說中，個人成長被視為一種敘事類比。經由敘事者「我」的成長，傅敖斯把此小說視為美學的論述場域，並勾勒出他感知的現實世界。小說同時也成為一面鏡子: 在鏡子裡，作者與讀者將他們的缺失投射在母親般的文本身體上。一如書中重生的英雄，作者和他們的文本也在讀者的詮釋中更生了。

John Fowles’s The Magus, as a metafiction, is designed to criticize the fictional writing in the context of inter-reflexive narrative. More than displaying his innovative writing style, Fowles extends the possibility of fictional writing with the application of spiral structure, allegorical rhetoric and the abundant mythological elements in this book. This thesis sets out to analyze the mirror-text and discuss how such a text reflects the symbolical meaning carried by the mythological symbols within the narrative, which, taken together, reinforce the significance of the hero’s adventurous journey—the journey as a process of the development of the hero’s personality.

To elaborate the narrative strategy of this novel, in the first chapter, I shall discuss the function of the mirror-text and its relation with the primary text. Applying Mieke Bal’s narratological theory to enhance my understanding of the mirror-text, I would bring forth the cumulative effect of the mirror-text. The arrangement of the mirror-text aims to decompose the text by projecting the deficiencies in the primary text. In Chapter Two, I shall, on the one hand, decompose the text by using Vladimir Propp’s method of morphology. On the other hand, after introducing Joseph Campbell’s analysis of mythology, I would discuss the mode and significance of the heroic journey in detail and explore how the motif of mythology structures the narrative of The Magus. After examining the novel both structurally and semantically, in the final part, I would put emphasis on the psychological condition of the hero. Jungian psychological study, which encompasses mythic symbols, would be adapted for illuminating the development of the hero’s personality. The personal development is taken as an analogy in the novel. From the growth of an I-narrator, Fowles takes the novel as not only an aesthetic discourse with which he scrutinizes the reality he perceives but also a mirror upon which the author and the readers are allowed to project their “lack” onto the “maternal textual body.” Like the symbolic rebirth of a hero, the author and the text are reborn from the readers’ interpretations.

Introduction 1
Chapter One: The Mirror-Text and the Male Focalizers en Abyme 21
Chapter Two: A Hero and His Journey 46
Chapter Three: The Quest of Psyche 68
Conclusion 93

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