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博碩士論文 etd-0119107-113804 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0119107-113804
論文名稱
Title
臺灣公民文化之研究:以北高兩市公民的價值觀、道德認知與社會資本為例
A Study on Taiwan Civil Culture: A Case of Taipei and Kaohsiung City Citizen’s Value, Morality Cognition and Social Capital.
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
207
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2007-01-04
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2007-01-19
關鍵字
Keywords
社會資本、移轉考驗、社會判斷理論、判斷分析、道德認知、臺灣公民文化、價值觀
judgment analysis, morality cognition, value, Taiwan civil culture, shift test, social capital, Social Judgment Theory
統計
Statistics
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The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5676 times, has been downloaded 0 times.
中文摘要
多元社會下,北高兩市民眾在社會生活領域的基礎條件上,基於資訊傳播、知識教育與道德倫理等個體認知要素進行社會互動時,在日常生活上表現出物質或精神生活的價值觀。社會群體生活係以個體的「公私之分」道德認知作為決定與他人合作或與他人背叛、疏離的規範標準。這種價值觀與公私的道德認知,經由社會結構與社會關係,呈現社會資本的人際信任、網路結構與文化認知等構面,將影響個體所承擔的社會責任,具體反應呈現經濟、社會、政治、政府等群體外顯現象行為,在政府的政策選擇與管理運作下,逐漸在台灣南北出現明顯差距問題,不斷的困擾政府與民眾。
審視台灣南北差距問題的過程涉及「個人」與「社會」因素,國內多從經濟、社會、政治、政府等個別、單一與行為角度來探討,忽視潛藏、無形與本質面的公民文化之分析。本研究擬從台灣公民文化作為社會系統機制來回應經濟、社會、政治和政府的環境改變,從判斷分析觀點,採用價值觀、道德認知與社會資本等面向,以社會判斷理論(Social Judgment Theory, SJT)為研究方法,探討北高兩市民眾日常生活所呈現的公民文化類型,藉由實證研究北高公民文化之差別,釐清造成北高公民文化差距之成因,以建立公民文化相關變項的實證研究架構,反映北高兩市民眾所在的社會結構,並提出道德認知操作步驟作為未來道德研究之參考。
本研究採用雙系統透鏡模式的SJT問卷設計,並以北高兩市民眾為受測者進行問卷。從文獻中選取言論自由、社會認同、發展效率、社會安定、收入增加等5項指標;支持公平、支持自我、利人利己、建立關係、對人寬容等5項指標;信任關係、網絡結構、文化認知等3項指標,分別作為「價值觀」、「道德認知」與「社會資本」之決策參考變數,反應民眾心中的優先性。這種心理認知程度的差異,將為南北差距問題關鍵之所在,如能掌握藉由經濟發展與公共事務管理教育的提升有助於社會移轉考驗,化解南北差距問題現象。
嚴格來說,北高兩市有效問卷分為531份與568份,雖未必北高兩市民意的代表性,但本研究分析發現北高兩市民眾在價值觀上呈現後物質主義(32%與21%)、物質主義(65%與72%)、混合型(3%與7%);在道德認知呈現公平(38%與31%)、關懷(42%與47%)、公平/關懷(20%與22%);在社會資本上呈現人際信任(44%與44%)、網路規則(27%與19%)、文化認知(29%與37%)。研究結果所反應出北高公民文化發展的差距,反映高雄市在現代社會中保有傳統社會之現象,台北市具有現代社會提升到後現代社會之傾向。
Abstract
Taipei and Kasohsiung city’s citizens live in base condition of society life area, base on the individuality cognition factors of information, education, morality, and ethic to the social reaction in the pluralistic society. People have to the co-operation and reciprocity each other in the everyday life. The morality norms standard depends on the different between private and public, to decide the co-operation and betrayal. The value or morality cognition embeds the society structure and society relations, it embodies social capital dimensions on interpersonal trust, network structure, and culture perception. They affect the individuality responsibility; reflect the north-south gap phenomena of economy, society, political, government, public policy and public management.
For the issue on north-south gap includes in both individuality and society factor. a majority of research from the aspects on economy, society, political, and government. Few of research focus on civil culture empirical comparison study. Society system mechanism center in civil culture, from the judgment analysis aspects, the research employs the method of Social Judgment Theory, to investigate that Taipei and Kasohsiung city’s citizens think about multiple attributes relevant information to judge the private or public affairs, reflect value, morality cognition, and social capital in the everyday life. The aim is to prove abstract concept on value, morality cognition, and social capital, to establish empirical study of civil culture relevant variance, to reflect individuality society, to provide the operation procedure of morality cognition in the future study.
The research design takes double system case, selects the value cues of free-speech ,society-identity, develop-efficiency, society-stable, and add-income; the morality cognition cues of unfair, upself, reciprocity, relation and toleration; the social capital cues of interpersonal trust, network structure, and culture perception, to reflect citizens psychology priority weight. it keys to north-south gap problem, by the way on economy development and public affairs management education to pass the society shift test and resolve problem.
The subject is citizen, tests in sample 531and568 .The research findings:
(i)Taipei and Kasohsiung city’s citizen value priority weight: post-materialist(32% vs21%),materialist(65% vs72%),mixed type(3% vs7%).
(ii)Taipei and Kasohsiung city’s citizen morality cognition priority weight: fairness(38% vs31%), careness(42% vs47%), fairness/ careness(20% vs22%)
(iii)Taipei and Kasohsiung city’s citizen social capital priority weight: interpersonal trust(44% vs44%), network structure(27%vs19%), culture perception(29%vs37%).
The results reflect that Kasohsiung city holds tradition society state; Taipei city owns modern society state.
目次 Table of Contents
第一章 緒論
壹、研究背景………………………………………………….......1
一、研究背景…………………………………………… ........1
(一)南北城市競爭力差距擴大…………………… …….....1
(二)「南北失衡」的經濟、政治與社會文化系統………....2
二、研究動機……………………………………………….......4
貳、研究目的……………………………………………...........5
參、公共事務管理整合參考架構………………. .. ............6
一、條件面……………………………………………… …......6
二、本質面…………………………………………………….....6
三、現象面…………………………………………………….....8
四、應用公共事務管理整合參考架構相關研究…………….....9
第二章 北高兩市問題建構:公共事務管理整合參考架構觀點...10
壹、北高條件面………………………………………………. …. 10
一、自然條件…………………………………………………………11
(一)自然條件的內容…………………………………………....11
(二)自然條件的影響…………………………………………… .11
(三)生態環境永續發展…………………………………………..12
(四)台北市與高雄市自然條件比較概況分析………………....12
二、實質條件………………………………………………………..15
(一)實質條件的內容…………………………………………....15
(二)實質條件的供給與需求………………………………….. 15
(三)台北市與高雄市實質條件比較概況分析……………………15
三、社會條件…………………………………………………………20
(一)社會條件的內容……………………………………………..20
(二)台北市與高雄市社會條件比較概況分析…………………..20
四、條件面小結……………………………………………………..24
貳、北高本質面………………………………………………… ….25
一、判斷分析概念…………………………………………… …….25
二、本質面內容……………………………………………… …….27
(一)事實判斷………………………… …………………………27
(二)價值判斷…………………………………………………… .28
(三)人際判斷………………………………………………………32
三、個體與群體的連結……………………………………………..40
四、本質面小結……………………………………………………..41
參、北高現象面………………………………………………… ….41
一、個體角色………………………………………………… …..41
(一)在經濟上:需求方與供給方…………………………………42
(二)在社會上:菁英與準菁英…………………………………..42
(三)在政治上:賦權者與受權者……………………… ……….43
(四)在政府方面:民眾與政務官;政務官與事務官……………43
二、個體角色的影響………………………………………… …….44
三、群體現象面……………………………………………………..44
(一)經濟面………………………………………………… …….45
(二)社會面………………………………………………… …….47
(三)政治面………………………………………………… …….54
(四)政府面………………………………………………… …….59
(五)公共政策與公共管理………………………………… …….60
四、現象面小結………………………………………………………61
第三章 公民文化相關變項理論與文獻探討…………………………..…… … …62
壹、多元社會與公民文化………………………………………… .62
一、多元社會與分歧社會………………………………………… .62
二、公民文化……………………………………………………… .63
三、民眾分類………………………………………………………..65
四、民眾的認知分析……………………………………………… .67
貳、價值觀…………………………………………………………..68
一、個體認知系統……………………………………………………68
二、公民文化變革對個人及社會系統之影響………………… ….69
三、物質主義與後物質主義指標……………………………….….71
四、台灣地區民眾的物質主義與後物質主義………………………72
五、價值觀操作變項的指標與衡量…………………………………74
參、道德認知…………………………………………………………75
一、公私的道德認知…………………………………………………75
(一)道德與倫理……………………………………………………76
(二)公平與關懷………………………………………………… .78
(三)民眾在日常生活上的道德認知之建構………………………78
(四)寬容理念的形塑…………………………………………… .79
二、道德認知代數……………………………………………………80
三、公平與關懷道德認知操作衡量…………………………… ….81
(一)道德認知操作步驟……………………………… ………….81
(二)公平與關懷操作衡量………………………………… …….83
肆、社會資本…………………………………………………………84
一、社會資本的意義……………………………………… …… …84
二、社會資本的要素……………………………………………… .85
三、社會資本的研究途徑……………………………………… ….87
四、民眾認知、社會資本與社會責任理論模式……………… ….88
五、社會資本的操作變項概念化與衡量………………………… .90
伍、小結:公民文化相關變項與操作指標及社會結構……………92
第四章 研究方法與設計………………………………………….…93
壹、研究方法…………………………………………………………93
一、透鏡模式…………………………………………………………93
(一)透鏡模式意義…………………………………………………93
(二)透鏡模式相關概念……………………………………………95
(三)透鏡方程式……………………………………………………96
二、社會判斷理論……………………………………………………98
(一)基本概念……………………………………………………..98
(二)社會判斷理論五個系統模式…………………………………99
(三)社會判斷理論衡量方法………………………………………101
(四)Policy PC3th…………………………………………………101
(五)應用社會判斷理論研究課題……………………………… .102
貳、研究設計…………………………………………………………103
一、調查訪問範圍…………………………………………… …….103
二、母群的界定………………………………………… ………….103
三、抽樣方式與樣本…………………………………………………103
四、問卷設計架構………………………………………………… .105
五、社會判斷理論問卷設計…………………………………………105
(一)物質/後物質主義的價值觀………………………………….106
(二)公平/關懷的道德認知……………………………………….107
(三)社會責任認知………………………………………… … …108
(四)案例說明………………………………………………………109
六、資料蒐集方式與研究限制………………………………………110
第五章 研究結果與分析…………………………………………….111
壹、描述性統計………………………………………………………111
一、台北市基本資料…………………………………………………111
二、高雄市基本資料…………………………………………………114
貳、公民文化相關變項的認知一致性………………………………118
一、北高兩市民眾對價值觀判斷的認知一致性……………………118
二、北高兩市民眾對道德認知判斷的認知一致性…………………119
三、北高兩市民眾對社會責任判斷的認知一致……………………119
參、公民文化相關變項的實際與推估判斷值………………………120
一、北高兩市民眾對價值觀判斷的實際與推估判斷值一致性……120
二、北高兩市民眾對道德認知判斷的實際與推估判斷值一致性…121
三、北高兩市民眾對社會資本判斷的實際與推估判斷值一致性…122
肆、公民文化相關變項的相對權重與函數型態……………………123
一、北高兩市民眾對價值觀的相對權重與函數型態………………123
二、北高兩市民眾對道德認知的相對權重與函數型態……………126
三、北高兩市民眾對社會資本的相對權重與函數型態……………128
四、小結:北高兩市公民文化相關變項之比較……………………131
第六章 結論與建議………………………………………………….132
壹、研究討論…………………………………………………………132
一、南北差距:公共事務管理整合參考架構觀點…………………132
二、社會移轉考驗之關鍵:公民文化………………………………133
(一)價值觀:後物質主義、物質主義、混合型…………………133
(二)道德認知:公平、關懷、公平/關懷……………………….134
(三)社會資本:信任關係、網絡結構與文化認知………………134
(四)社會結構:傳統社會、現代社會、後現代社會……………135
貳、研究發現與貢獻…………………………………………………135
一、研究發現…………………………………………………………135
(一)價值觀的南北差距問題………………………………………135
(二)道德認知的南北差距問題……………………………………136
(三)社會資本的南北差距問題……………………………………136
(四)價值觀、道德認知與社會資本之間關聯性…………………136
二、研究貢獻…………………………………………………………137
(一)建立公民文化相關變項的實證研究架構……………………137
(二)道德認知操作步驟……………………………………………137
(三)驗證價值觀、道德認知與社會資本之間關聯性……………138
(四)南北差距問題在於個體認知及政策建議…………………..138
參、後續研究…………………………………………………………138
一、判斷分析與體制分析的心智模型結合…………………………138
二、道德認知代數課題………………………………………………139
三、公平衡量與社會比較……………………………………………140
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