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論文名稱 Title |
美國憲法下的臺灣與承認—一個法律的觀點 Taiwan and Recognition Under U.S. and International Law: A Legal Perspective |
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系所名稱 Department |
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畢業學年期 Year, semester |
語文別 Language |
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學位類別 Degree |
頁數 Number of pages |
180 |
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研究生 Author |
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指導教授 Advisor |
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召集委員 Convenor |
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口試委員 Advisory Committee |
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口試日期 Date of Exam |
2012-01-18 |
繳交日期 Date of Submission |
2012-01-20 |
關鍵字 Keywords |
承認、法律、臺灣、美國 Taiwan, Law, United States, Recognition |
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統計 Statistics |
本論文已被瀏覽 5780 次,被下載 1094 次 The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5780 times, has been downloaded 1094 times. |
中文摘要 |
none |
Abstract |
The recognition policy of the United States toward Taiwan has been rather consistent in its ambivalence. That is, the United States has chosen a foreign policy route of non-recognition while at the same time discouraging the government of Taiwan not to disturb the stable, but sometimes volatile waters of the Taiwan Strait by declaring independence. This policy of course, engendered by the United States apprehension that such a political declaration would provoke Taiwan’s economic and military power adjoining neighbor; the People’s Republic of China. This dissertation looks at the inconsistent recognition policies of the United States toward the Republic of China and dispenses with the cause of these inconsistencies, the political process and analysis, and analyzes what is the recognition policies of the United States based on the laws of the United States at the state and federal judicial levels. In this research I also examine international laws concerning recognition absent the political process and determine if they, too, correspond with the laws of the United States of if they are in fact totally different and based on a different sort of legal criteria. Absent a strong and coherent legal standard in the international realm, I will also look at how other international institutions and organizations like INGOs either reinforce or weaken the rule of law when it comes to their interaction with states and the issue of recognizing nation-states. Finally, in addition to whether international law and INGOs adhere to or are guided by the rule of law, I propose that if one is not willing to use a legal standard to bestow recognition, then perhaps an intermediary position is the answer. Using as a starting point the agreed upon definition of what is a state is by the Montevideo Conference, I propose a rather simple criteria to determine if recognition should be granted by nation-states by using a non-political and a non-legal means. |
目次 Table of Contents |
Abstract iii Dedication v Acknowledgements vi Chapters 1. Introduction 1.1 Research background 1 1.2 Research motivation 3 1.3 Research questions 4 1.4 Research methodology 4 1.5 Literature review 5 2. The State of the State 2.1 Montevideo viewed legally 17 2.2 Differing types of recognition 38 3. Recognition and Taiwan under U.S. law 3.1 Introduction 56 3.2 Legal recognition and U.S. courts 68 4 International law and Taiwan 4.1 Introduction 98 4.2 Recognition, values and control 111 5 Human rights and recognition, is there a relationship? 5.1 Evolution of Human rights and recognition 132 6 Conclusion 153 Selected Bibliography 162 Table of Cases 167 |
參考文獻 References |
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Defining Statehood: The Montevideo Convention and Its Discontents. 37 Columbia Journal Transnational Law, 403, 435, 437, 449 (1999). Hearing on China-Taiwan: United States Policy. U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on Foreign Affairs. 97th Congress, 2nd Session, August 18, 1982, at 31-32. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Ratified 1966, Office of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights. International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. Ratified 1966, Office of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights. Japan - PRC Joint Communiqué, Japan Ministry of Foreign Affairs Office. September 29, 1972. Johnson, M. Dujon. Race and Racism in the Chinas: Chinese Racial Attitudes toward Africans and African-Americans, AuthorHouse. 2011. Lauterpacht, Hersch. Recognition of States in International Law. 53 Yale L.J. 385, 419 (1944). Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States, entered into force, 26 December 1934. Montevideo Convention. Note 4, articles 3, 7. National Security Council Memorandums (NSCM). Nixon and Ford Administrations, 1969-1977. National Security Decision Directives (NSDD). Nixon and Ford Administrations, 1969-1977. National Security Agency Memorandums (NSAM). Reagan Administration; 1981-1989. National Security Study Directives (NSSD). Kennedy and Johnson Administrations, 1961-1969. Oppenheim, Lassa. International Law §§ 71, at 125 (Hersch Lauterpacht ed., 8th ed., 1955). Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Ratified 1966. Office of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights. Potsdam Declaration. U.S. Department of State, August 2, 1945. Second United States - PRC Joint Communiqué. January 1, 1979. Shepherd, Robert John. Statecraft and the Political Economy on the Taiwan Frontier: 1600-1800. Stanford University Press, 1993. Sloane, Robert D. The Changing Face of Recognition in International Law: A Case Study of Tibet. 16 Emory International Law Review 107, 117, 2002. Taiwan Relations Act, public law 96-8, April 10, 1979, 22 USCA 3301-3316, Et. Seq., 2. Taiwan Relations Act. Public Law 96-8, 93 Statute 14. Enacted April 10, 1979; H.R. 2479. United States Government Printing Office. Washington, D.C., 1979. Third United States - PRC Joint Communiqué. August 17, 1982. Talmon, Stephen. Recognition in International Law: A Bibliography. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff; 2000. Nikokukan Joyaku-shu and Gaimusho joyaku-kyoku. Treaty of Peace between Japan and the Republic of China. April 28, 1952., September, 1962, pp.97-136 Treaty of Peace. April 17, 1895, China-Japan, 181 Consol. TS 217. Treaty of Peace with Japan. Sept. 8, 1951, Article 2, 3 UST 3169, 136 UNTS 45. Treaty of Peace. April 28, 1952, ROC-Japan, Article II, 138 UNTS 3. Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Ratified 1948, Office of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights. U.S. Department of State. The Conference at Cairo and Teheran, Foreign Relations of the United States, 1961, p. 324. United Nations Documents. General Assembly resolution 396 (V), June 1950. United Nations Documents. Universal Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Resolution 2200A (XXI), 16 December 1966; entered into force March 23, 1976. United Nations Documents. Universal Declaration on Human Rights. Resolution 210 A (III), December 10, 1948. United Nations Documents. Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, entered into force May 23, 1969. United Nations Documents, Vienna Convention on Succession of States in Respect to Treaties. Entered into force August 23, 1978. United Nations Document. Resolution on the Restoration of the Lawful Rights of the People’s Republic of China in the United Nations. Resolution 2758 (XXVI), October 21, 1971. Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties between States and International Organizations or Between International Organizations. March 21, 1986. Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action. Adopted 1993, Office of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights. Warbrick, Colin. Recognition of States. 41 ICLQ 480, (1993). Yalta Declaration, U.S. Department of State, March 24, 1945. |
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