摘要
濕地保育法開始施行，代表濕地保育與經營進入一個新的里程碑，亦即在法制面上濕地保育擁有專法，在政策面上有關濕地之相關經營管理事務有一規範。濕地生態的重要性，並沒有清楚地被認知與描述關係為何，以致於濕地生態保育與社區認知或平日生活脫節。

從親環境行為可知:直覺性的找尋一個對自然與人為環境，最小負面影響的一種行動。親環境行為有助於保護環境，同樣地，地方依附也助於保護環境。居民或環境團體都有日常的活動，活動可視為是濕地的使用。因此，本研究企圖探索發現地方依附與親環境行為研究框架，以實證兩者因子關係強弱，並提出政策建議，以利濕地治理規劃參考。

研究方法採取空間分析、質性分析、量化分析三者混合研究法，空間分析使用
環域分析法。質性分析利用收集文本、進行編碼後以Atlas t軟體分析。量化分析的樣本數N=392，輸入統計軟體後使用最小偏平方差分析(PLS)。


研究發現，在親環境行為上，在濕地的活動受到限制。地方認同的路徑係數大於地方依賴則是地方依附上的發現。政策上的建議有二:一以代理制度解決環境團體尋租行為，地方政府宜定代為管理規範。二是相對關係人的範圍宜擴大，濕地周邊的行政區需要被納入考量。

未來接續研究則以增加模型的穩定性為主，本言初步建之親環境與地方依附整體探索性因素模型(EFA)。如何將其轉為驗證性穩定模型是接續方向。

關鍵字: 濕地 親環境行為 地方依附

Abstract
Implementation of the Wetland Conservation Act is representing a new era in wetland conservation and management. There is a special law for wetland conservation in the legal system, and there is a rule for the management of wetlands. The recognition of the importance of wetland ecology is not clearly related to the relationship between cognition and description, so that wetland ecological conservation is out of touch with community cognition or daily life.

The pro-environmental behaviors: intuitively find an action that has the least negative impact on the natural and human environment. Pro-environmental behavior helps protect the environment. Similarly, place attachment also helps protect the environment. Residents or environmental groups have daily activities that can be considered as the behavior use of wetlands. Therefore, this study attempts to explore the framework for the discovery of place attachment and pro-environmental behavior, and empirically examines the strength of the relationship between the two factors, and proposes policy recommendations to benefit the management of wetland.

The research method adopts mix the spatial analysis, qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis.
Ring analysis method use in spatial analysis. Qualitative analysis uses Atlas t software analysis to collect the text and encode it. The number of samples for quantitative analysis is 392. After entering the statistical software, the minimum partial square error analysis (PLS) was used.

The study found that in the pro-environmental behavior, the activities in the wetland are limited. The path coefficient of local identity is greater than local dependence is the discovery of place attachment. There are two policy recommendations: The first policy is use agency systems to solve environmental group rent-seeking behavior, and local governments should adopt management norms. Second, the scope of the relative relationship should be expanded and the administrative areas around the wetland need to be considered.

In the future, the research will be based on the increase of the stability of the model. In this article, the based(EFA )model was established about Place attachment with Pro-environmental behavior. Converting the model to a confirmatory stability model is the continuation direction.

Keyword: Wetland Pro-environmental behavior (PBE) Place attachment Residents EFA

目錄
第一章 緒論 …………………………………………………………………01
第一節 研究動機與目的 ..................................................................... 02
第二節 研究範圍與內容 …………………………………………… ..04
第二章 文獻回顧 ………………………………………………………………05
第一節 濕地現況 ……………………………………………………..05
第二節 親環境行為……………………………………………………09
第三節 親環境行為類型………………………………………………17
第四節 親環境行為與地方依附………………………………………21
第三章 研究方法 ………………………………………………………………26
第一節 親環境行為相關研究模型 …………………………………. 26
第二節 研究架構……………………………………………………….29
第三節 研究變項與資料收集方法 …………………………………. 32
第四節 研究設計與方法 ……………………………………………. 44
第四章 研究結果 ………………………………………………………………43
第一節 空間分析………………………………………………………43
第二節 質性分析………………………………………………………52
第三節 敘述統計……………………………………………………... 57
第四節 模式分析………………………………………………………67
第五節 研究假設驗證…....................................................................... 76
第五章 研究發現與建議………………………………………………………. 78
第一節 研究發現……………………………………………………....78
第二節 政策建議..................................................................................81
第三節 未來研究建議…………………………………………………86
參考文獻 ………………………………………………………………………..88
附錄一 專家效度問卷 …………………………………………………………96
附錄二 前測問卷 ……………………………………………………………..102
正式問卷…………… …………………………………………………………..106
圖次
圖 1. 1 濕地功能………………………………………………………………03
圖 1. 2 高雄市行政區內濕地位置…………………………………………….05
圖 2. 1 價值信念規範模型VBN (value-belief-norm model )……………… 09
圖 2. 2 線性模式………………………………………………………………12
圖 2. 3 親環境行為模型………………………………………………………16
圖 2. 4 地方依附PPP model …………………………………………………24
圖 2. 5 地方依附與親環境行為………………………………………………25
圖 3. 1 計畫行為模式TPB …………………………………………………. 27
圖 3. 2 科技接受模型TAM…………………………………………………..28
圖 3. 3 環境公民行為模式……………………………………………………30
圖 3. 4 研究模型發展構想……………………………………………………34
圖 3. 5 研究架構圖發展圖……………………………………………………31
圖 3. 6 研究假設……………………………………………………………….37
圖 4. 1 鳥松濕地5公里環域分析 ……………………………………………50
圖 4. 2 援中港濕地5公里環域分析 …………………………………………51
圖 4. 3 地方級重要濕地關聯圖……………………………………………….52
圖 4. 4 分析樹狀結構圖………………………………………………………55
圖 4 .5 組合信度（composite reliability）…………………………………..67
圖 4 .6 平均變異萃取量（average variance extracted, AVE）……………..68
圖4. 7 Fornell與Lareker指標 ……………………………………………69
圖4. 8 HTMT( the heterotrait-monotrait ratio of correlations)指標………..70
圖4. 9 整體模型結構圖 …………………………………………………….71
圖4. 10 居民地方依賴路徑IN ……………………………………………..72
圖4. 11 居民地方認同路徑ID……………………………………………. 73
圖4. 12 環團地方依賴路徑IN …………………………………………….74
圖4. 13 環團地方認同路徑ID ……………………………………………..75

表次
表2. 1濕地定義 …………………………………………………………………… 06
表2. 2濕地分類方式綜合整理……………………………………………………. 07
表2. 3親環境行為發展脈絡綜理…………………………………………………. 12
表2. 4親環境行為經濟型態綜理…………………………………………………..18
表2. 5親環境行為倫理方法類型綜合整理………………………………………..20
表2. 6親環境行為PEB與地方依附 (place attachment)相關研究……………….23
表3. 1修訂的NEP新生態典範說明 ……………………………………………..29
表3. 2親環境行為模型 ……………………………………………………………31
表3. 3環境認知構面……………………………………………………………… 39
表3. 4地方依附構面……………………………………………………………….40
表3. 5活動涉入構面 ………………………………………………………………41
表3. 6親環境行為社會行銷角度構面……………………………………………..42
表3. 7「專家效度問卷」專家學者背景資料………………………………………43
表3. 8 各構面Cronbach’s Alpha 值 ………………………………………………45
表3.9結構方程模型與偏最小平方法的差異……………………………………46
表3.10本研究蒐集文本狀態 ………………………………………………………42
表4. 1 地方性居民基本資料分析………………………………………………… 50
表4. 2 環境團體基本資料分析 …………………………………………………...53
表4. 3 構面因素分析……………………………………………………………….56
表4. 4 假設驗證概況……………………………………………………………….68

參考文獻
西文期刊
Albrecht, D., Bultena, G., Hoiberg, E., & Nowak, P. (1982) The New Environmental Paradigm scale. The Journal of Environmental Education, 13: 39–43.
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179-211
Arcury, T. A. (1990) Environmental attitude and environmental knowledge. Human Organization, 49(4): 300-30.
Randon-Lai, S. A., Funk, D. C., & Jordan, J. S. (2015). The Stage-Based Development of Behavioral Regulation within the Context of Physically Active Leisure. Journal of Leisure Research, 47(4), 401.
Brown, K. (1998). The political ecology of biodiversity, conservation and development in Nepal's Terai: Confused meanings, means and ends. Ecological economics, 24(1), 73-87.
Buta, N., Holland, S. M., & Kaplanidou., K. (2014). Local communities and protected areas: The mediating role of place attachment for pro-environmental civic engagement. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 5, 1-10.
Clark, C. F., Kotchen, M. J., & Moore, M., R. (2003). Internal and external influences on pro-environmental bhavior: Participation in a green electricity program. Journal of environmental psychology, 23(3), 237-246.
Clark,L.A., & Watson, D. (1995). Constructing validity: Basic issues in objective scaledevelopment. Psychological Assessment, 7, 309-319.
Cordano, M., Welcomer, S., Scherer, R., Pradenas, L., & Parada, V. (2010). Understanding cultural differences in the antecedents of pro-environmental behavior: A comparative analysis of business students in the United States and Chile. The Journal of Environmental Education, 41(4), 224-238.
Costanza, R., de Groot, R., Sutton, P., Van der Ploeg, S., Anderson, S. J., Kubiszewski, I., & Turner, R. K. (2014). Changes in the global value of ecosystem services . Global environmental change, 26, 152-158.
Davidson, N. C. (2014). How much wetland has the world lost? Long-term and recent trends in global wetland area. Marine and Freshwater Research, 65(10), 934-941.
Davis, F. D., Bagozzi, R. P., & Warshaw, P. R. (1989). User acceptance of computer technology: a comparison of two theoretical models. Management science, 35(8), 982-1003.
Dunlap, R. E., & Van Liere, K. D. (1978). The “new environmental paradigm”. The journal of environmental education, 9(4), 10-19.
Dunlap, Riley E.; Van Liere, Kent D.; Mertig, Angela G.; & Jones,Robert Emmet. (2000). Measuring endorsement of the new ecologicalparadigm: A revised NEP scale. Journal of Social Issues ,56(3), 425–442.
Dunlap, R. E. (2008). The new environmental paradigm scale: From marginality to worldwide use. The journal of environmental education, 40(1), 3-18.




Efron, B. (1979). Computers and the theory of statistics: thinking the unthinkable. SIAM review, 21(4), 460-480.
Emanuel, K. (2005). Increasing destructiveness of tropical cyclones over the past 30 years. Nature, 436(7051), 686-688.
Farrow, K., Grolleau, G., & Ibanez, L. (2017). Social norms and pro-environmental behavior: a review of the evidence. Ecological Economics, 140, 1-13.
Fiallo, E. A., & Jacobson, S. K. (1995). Local communities and protected areas: attitudes of rural residents towards conservation and Machalilla National Park, Ecuador. Environmental Conservation, 22(3), 241-249.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of marketing research, 18, 39-50.
Fransson, N., & Gärling, T. (1999). Environmental concern: Conceptual definitions, measurement methods, and research findings. Journal of environmental psychology, 19(4), 369-382.
Gatersleben, B., Murtagh, N., & Abrahamse, W. (2014). Values, identity and pro-environmental behaviour. Contemporary Social Science, 9(4), 374-392.
Gifford, R., & Nilsson, A. (2014). Personal and social factors that influence pro‐environmental concern and behaviour: A review. International Journal of Psychology, 49(3), 141-157.
Griskevicius, V., Cantú, S.M., & Vugt, M. V. (2012). The evolutionary bases for sustainable behavior: Implications for marketing, policy, and social entrepreneurship. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 31(1), 115-128.
Hammitt, W. E., Backlund, E. A., & Bixler, R. D. (2006). Place bonding for recreation places: Conceptual and empirical development. Leisure studies, 25(1), 17-41.
Han, H. (2015). Travelers' pro-environmental behavior in a green lodging context: Converging value-belief-norm theory and the theory of planned behavior. Tourism Management, 47, 164-177.
Harland, P., Staats, H., & Wilke, H. A. (1999). Explaining proenvironmental intention and behavior by personal norms and the theory of planned behavior. Journal of applied social psychology, 29(12), 2505-2528.
Hawcroft, L. J., & Milfont, T. L. (2010). The use (and abuse) of the new environmental paradigm scale over the last 30 years: A meta-analysis. Journal of Environmental psychology, 30(2), 143-158.
Halpenny, E. A. (2010). Pro-environmental behaviours and park visitors: The effect of place attachment. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 30(4), 409-421.
He, J., Moffette, F., Fournier, R., Revéret, J. P., Théau, J., Dupras, J., & Varin, M. (2015). Meta-analysis for the transfer of economic benefits of ecosystem services provided by wetlands within two watersheds in Quebec, Canada. Wetlands ecology and management, 23(4), 707-725.
Hidalgo, M. C., & Hernandez, B. (2001). Place attachment: Conceptual and empirical questions. Journal of environmental psychology, 21(3), 273-281.
Heath, Y., & Gifford, R. (2002). Extending the theory of planned behavior: Predicting the use of public transportation. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32(10), 2154-2189.
Hernández, B., Martín, A. M., Ruiz, C., & del Carmen Hidalgo, M. (2010). The role of place identity and place attachment in breaking environmental protection laws. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 30(3), 281-288.

Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115-135.
Hoek, J., & Jones, S. C. (2011). Regulation, public health and social marketing: a behaviour change trinity. Journal of Social Marketing, 1(1), 32-44
Horne, C., & Kennedy, E. H. (2017). The power of social norms for reducing and shifting electricity use. Energy Policy, 107, 43-52.
Hung, C. H., & Lee, T. H. (2012). Impact of place attachment and recreation involvement on satisfaction and future behavior: evidence from Taiwanese recreational surfers. South African Journal for Research in Sport, Physical Education and Recreation, 34(1), 93-105.
Hungerford, H. R., & Volk, T. L. (1990). Changing learner behavior through environmental education. The journal of environmental education, 21(3), 8-21.
James, R., Otto, F., Parker, H., Boyd, E., Cornforth, R., Mitchell, D., & Allen, M. (2014). Characterizing loss and damage from climate change. Nature Climate Change, 4(11), 938-939.
Jia, F., Soucie, K., Alisat, S., Curtin, D., & Pratt, M. (2017). Are environmental issues moral issues? Moral identity in relation to protecting the natural world. Journal of Environmental Psychology. 52, 104-113.
Kaplowitz, M. D., & Kerr, J. (2003). Michigan residents’ perceptions of wetlands and mitigation Wetlands, 23(2), 267-277.
Karp, D. G. (1996). Values and their effect on pro-environmental behavior. Environment and behavior, 28(1), 111-133.
Kil, N., Holland, S. M., & Stein, T. V. (2014). Structural relationships between environmental attitudes, recreation motivations, and environmentally responsible behaviors. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 7, 16-25.
Kilbourne, W., & Pickett, G. (2008). How materialism affects environmental beliefs, concern, and environmentally responsible behavior. Journal of Business Research, 61(9), 885-893.
Keohane, N. O., Revesz, R. L., & Stavins, R. N. (1998). The choice of regulatory instruments in environmental policy. Harv. Envtl. L. Rev., 22, 313.
Klöckner, C. A., & Matthies, E. (2004). How habits interfere with norm-directed behaviour: A normative decision-making model for travel mode choice. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 24(3), 319-327.(B)
Kollmuss, A., & Agyeman, J. (2002). Mind the gap: why do people act environmentally and what are the barriers to pro-environmental behavior?. Environmental education research, 8(3), 239-260.
Kotler, P., & Gertner, D. (2002). Country as brand, product, and beyond: A place marketing and brand management perspective. Journal of brand management, 9(4), 249-261.
Kotler, P., Wong, V., Saunders, J., & Armstrong, G. (2005). Principles of Marketing (4th European Edi-tion).
Kuhn, T. S. (1970). BOOK AND FILM REVIEWS: Revolutionary View of the History of Science: The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. The Physics Teacher, 8(2), 96-98.
Kyle, G., Graefe, A., Manning, R., & Bacon, J. (2003). An examination of the relationship between leisure activity and place attachment among hikers along the Appalachian Trail. Journal of leisure research, 35(3), 249

Kyle, G., Graefe, A., Manning, R., & Bacon, J. (2004). Effect of activity involvement and place attachment on recreationists' perceptions of setting density. Journal of Leisure Research, 36(2), 209.(A)
Larson, L. R., Stedman, R. C., Cooper, C. B., & Decker, D. J. (2015). Understanding the multi-dimensional structure of pro-environmental behavior. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 43, 112-124.
Lin, C. C., & Lockwood, M. (2014). Forms and sources of place attachment: Evidence from two protected areas. Geoforum, 53, 74-81.
Marsh, H. W., Liem, G. A. D., Martin, A. J., Morin, A. J., & Nagengast, B. (2011). Methodological measurement fruitfulness of exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM): New approaches to key substantive issues in motivation and engagement. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 29(4), 322-346.
Mckenzie‐Mohr, D. (2000). New ways to promote proenvironmental behavior: Promoting sustainable behavior: An introduction to community‐based social marketing. Journal of social issues, 56(3), 543-554.
McIntyre, N. (1992). Involvement in risk recreation: A comparison of objective and subjective measures of engagement. Journal of Leisure Research, 24(1), 64.
McIntyre, N., & Pigram, J. J. (1992). Recreation specialization reexamined: The case of vehicle‐based campers. Leisure Sciences, 14(1), 3-15.
McFARLANE, B. L. (2004). Recreation specialization and site choice among vehicle-based campers. Leisure Sciences, 26(3), 309-322.
Mei, W., & Xie, S. P. (2016). Intensification of landfalling typhoons over the northwest Pacific since the late 1970s. Nature Geoscience, 9(10), 753-757.
Mistry, J., Berardi, A., Tschirhart, C., Bignante, E., Haynes, L., Benjamin, R., & de Ville, G. (2015). Indigenous identity and environmental governance in Guyana, South America. cultural geographies, 22(4), 689-712.
Montero, J. P., Sanchez, J. M., & Katz, R. (2002). A market-based environmental policy experiment in Chile. The Journal of Law and Economics, 45(1), 267-287.
Moser, A. K. (2015). Thinking green, buying green? Drivers of pro-environmental purchasing behavior. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 32(3), 167-175.
Moser, S. (2017). Overestimation of savings in energy efficiency obligation schemes. Energy, 121, 599-605.
Namaalwa, S., Funk, A., Ajie, G. S., & Kaggwa, R. C. (2013). A characterization of the drivers, pressures, ecosystem functions and services of Namatala wetland, Uganda. Environmental science & policy, 34, 44-57.
Nilsson, M., & Küller, R. (2000). Travel behaviour and environmental concern. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 5(3), 211-234.
Nordlund, A. M., & Garvill, J. (2002). Value structures behind proenvironmental behavior. Environment and behavior, 34(6), 740-756.
Norman, E., Bakker, K., & Cook, C. (2012). Introduction to the themed section: Water governance and the politics of scale. Water Alternatives, 5(1), 52.
Orion, N., Hofstein, A., Tamir, P., & Giddings, G. J. (1997). Development and validation of an instrument for assessing the learning environment of outdoor science activities. Science Education, 81(2), 161-171.

Quinn, F., Castéra, J., & Clément, P. (2016). Teachers’ conceptions of the environment: anthropocentrism, non-anthropocentrism, anthropomorphism and the place of nature. Environmental Education Research, 22(6), 893-917.
Park, E., Lee, S., & Peters, D. J. (2017). Iowa wetlands outdoor recreation visitors’ decision-making process: An extended model of goal-directed behavior. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 17, 64-76.
Pickett-Baker, J., & Ozaki, R. (2008). Pro-environmental products: marketing influence on consumer purchase decision. Journal of consumer marketing, 25(5), 281-293.
Pirard, R. (2012). Market-based instruments for biodiversity and ecosystem services: A lexicon. Environmental science & policy, 19, 59-68.
Pothitou, M., Hanna, R. F., & Chalvatzis, K. J. (2016). Environmental knowledge, pro-environmental behaviour and energy savings in households: An empirical study. Applied Energy, 184, 1217-1229.
Pretty, G. H., Chipuer, H. M., & Bramston, P. (2003). Sense of place amongst adolescents and adults in two rural Australian towns: The discriminating features of place attachment, sense of community and place dependence in relation to place identity. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 23(3), 273-287.
Preisser, E. L., Kefer, J. Y., Lawrence, J. D., & Clark, T. W. (2000).Vernal pool conservation in Connecticut: an assessment and recommendations. Environmental Management, 26(5), 503-513.
Ramkissoon, H., Weiler, B., & Smith, L. D. G. (2012). Place attachment and pro-environmental behaviour in national parks: The development of a conceptual framework. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 20(2), 257-276.
Raymond, C. M., Brown, G., & Weber, D. (2010).The measurement of place attachment: Personal, community, and environmental connections. Journal of environmental psychology, 30(4), 422-434.
Robertson, M. (2012). Measurement and alienation: making a world of ecosystem services. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 37(3), 386-401.
Saphores, J. D. M., Ogunseitan, O. A., & Shapiro, A., A. (2012). Willingness to engage in a pro-environmental behavior: An analysis of e-waste recycling based on a national survey of US households. Resources, conservation and recycling, 60, 49-63.
Schwartz, S. H. (1977). Normative influences on altruism. Advances in experimental social psychology, 10, 221-279.
Scott, D., & Shafer, C., S. (2001). Recreational specialization: A critical look at the construct. Journal of Leisure Research, 33(3), 319-343.
Siegenthaler, K. L., & Lam, T. C. M. (1992). Commitment and ego‐involvement in recreational tennis. Leisure Sciences, 14(4), 303-315.
Snodgrass, J. W., Komoroski, M. J., Bryan, A. L., & Burger, J. (2000). Relationships among isolated wetland size, hydroperiod, and amphibian species richness: implications for wetland regulations. Conservation biology, 14(2), 414-419.
Steg, L., Dreijerink, L., & Abrahamse, W. (2005). Factors influencing the acceptability of energy policies: A test of VBN theory. Journal of environmental psychology, 25(4), 415-425.


Steg, L., & Vlek, C. (2009). Encouraging pro-environmental behaviour: An integrative review and research agenda. Journal of environmental psychology, 29(3), 309-317.
Stern, P. C. (2000). New environmental theories: toward a coherent theory of environmentally significant behavior. Journal of social issues, 56(3), 407-424.
Thapa, B. (2010). The mediation effect of outdoor recreation participation on environmental attitude-behavior correspondence. The Journal of Environmental Education, 41(3), 133-150.
Thomas, C., & Sharp, V. (2013). Understanding the normalisation of recycling behaviour and its implications for other pro-environmental behaviours: A review of social norms and recycling. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 79, 11-20.
Thøgersen, J. (2004). A cognitive dissonance interpretation of consistencies and inconsistencies in environmentally responsible behavior. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 24(1), 93-103.
Thøgersen, J., & Schrader, U. (2012). From knowledge to action—new paths towards sustainable consumption. Journal of Consumer Policy, 35(1), 1-5.
Tonge, J., Ryan, M. M., Moore, S. A., & Beckley, L. E. (2015). The effect of place attachment on pro-environment behavioral intentions of visitors to coastal natural area tourist destinations. Journal of Travel Research, 54(6), 730-743.
Turaga, R. M. R., Howarth, R. B., & Borsuk, M. E. (2010). Pro‐environmental behavior. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1185(1), 211-224.
Tsai, S. P. (2012). Place attachment and tourism marketing: Investigating international tourists in Singapore. International Journal of Tourism Research, 14(2), 139-152.
Urbach, N., & Ahlemann, F. (2010). Structural equation modeling in information systems research using partial least squares. JITTA: Journal of Information Technology Theory and Application, 11(2), 5.
Van Meter, K. J., & Basu, N. B. (2015). Signatures of human impact: size distributions and spatial organization of wetlands in the Prairie Pothole landscape. Ecological Applications, 25(2), 451-465.
Van der Werff, E., Steg, L., & Keizer, K. (2013). It is a moral issue: The relationship between environmental self-identity, obligation-based intrinsic motivation and pro-environmental behaviour. Global environmental change, 23(5), 1258-1265.
Watson, K. B., Ricketts, T., Galford, G., Polasky, S., & O'Niel-Dunne, J. (2016). Quantifying flood mitigation services: The economic value of Otter Creek wetlands and floodplains to Middlebury, VT. Ecological Economics, 130, 16-24.
Werts, C.E., Linn, R.L. & Joreskog, K.G.(1974). Intraclass reliability estimates: Testingstructural assumptions, Educational and Psychological Measurement, 34, 25–33.
Williams, D. R., Patterson M. E., Roggenbuck, J. W. and Watson, A. E. (1992) Beyond the commoditymetaphor: examining emotional and symbolic attachment to place, Leisure Sciences, 14: 29-46.
Zsóka, Á., Szerényi, Z. M., Széchy, A., & Kocsis, T. (2013). Greening due to environmental education? Environmental knowledge, attitudes, consumer behavior and everyday pro-environmental activities of Hungarian high school and university students. Journal of Cleaner Production, 48, 126-138.



西文專書
Andreasen, A. R. (1995). Marketing social change. Jossey-Bass.
Ajzen, I. (1985). From intentions to actions: A theory of planned behavior. In J. Kuhl & J.Beckman (Eds.),
Action-control: From cognition to behavior.Heidelberg, Germany: Springer.
Ajzen, I. (1989). Attitude structure and behavior. In A. R. Pratkanis, S. J. Breckler, & A. G. Greenwald (Eds.),
Attitude structure and function). Hillsdale, N.J.: L. Erlbaum Associates.
Beatley, T., Brower, D., & Schwab, A. K. (2002). An introduction to coastal zone management. Island Press.2nd
Giuliani, M. V. (2003). Theory of attachment and place attachment.
DUNN, W. N. (2012). Public Policy Analysis. Routledge.
Hair, J. F., Black, B., Babin, B., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (1992). Multivariate Data Analysis (6th ed.). New York: Macmillan.
Hair Jr, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C., & Sarstedt, M. (2016). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Sage Publications.
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sinkovics, R. R. (2009). The use of partial least squares path modeling in international marketing. In New challenges to international marketing Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
Kotler, P., Roberto, E., & Hugo, H. (1991). Social marketing. Econ-Verlag.
Loewenthal, K. M. (2004). An introduction to psychological tests and scales (2 ed.).Hove, UK: Psychology Press
MA, 2005. Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: Current State and Trends. Island Press, Washington, DC.
Mason, R. O., & Mitroff, I. I. (1981). Challenging strategic planning assumptions: Theory, cases, and techniques. John Wiley & Sons Inc.
Mitsch, W. J., & Gosselink, J. G. (2007). Wetlands. Hoboken. ed: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Rajecki, D. W. (1982). Attitudes: Themes and Advances. Sinauer Associates. Inc., 302p
Seaman, J., & McLaughlin, S., R. (2014). The importance of outdoor activity and place attachment to adolescent development in Coös County, New Hampshire.
Stringer LC (2016) Land degradation, desertification and climate change: Anticipating, assessing and adapting to future change, Routledge.
Vaněk, J. (2017). New Ecological Paradigm as a research approach in the Czech Republic: An analysis of environmental attitudes of Czechs.









中文期刊
方偉達 趙淑德. (2007). 濕地公益信託及補償銀行機制之建立. 土地問題研究季刊, 6(4), 2-12.
何雍慶 蔡青姿. (2009) 運用 PLS 方法探討價值創新導入新產品開發之調節角色. 中華管理評論-國際學報12(2).
林嘉男 許毅璿 (2007). 人與環境關係之論述: 釐清 “地方感”,“地方依附” 與 “社區依附” 在環境研究上的角色. 環境教育研究, 5(1), 41-71.
邱文彥 (1999) 臺灣濕地環境的生態教育 . 環境教育季刊
邱皓政 (2008) 結構方程模式的檢定力分析與樣本數決定. αβγ 量化研究學刊, 2(1), 139-173.
邱皓政 (2011) 當 PLS 遇上 SEM: 議題與對話. αβγ 量化研究學刊, 3(1), 20-53.
周佳蓉 高明瑞 (2007) 德國環境運動發展與環境團體表現. 環境與管理研究 8(1),74-101
陳宜清 (2007) 溼地分類及其功能涵容評價之簡介. 自然保育季刊, (60), 3-20.
張子超 (2003) 永續發展研究融入九年一貫課程之新環境典範的內涵概念。全球變遷通訊雜 誌，38：11-1
張芬芬 (2010) 質性資料分析的五步驟: 在抽象階梯上爬升. Journal of Elementary Education, 35, 87-120.
游美惠 (2000) 內容分析, 文本分析與論述分析在社會研究的運用. 調查研究, (8), 5-42.

中文專書
王俊秀 (1993). 環境與社會. 幼獅文化事業公司.
邱文彥 (2003). 海岸管理: 理論與實務. 台北: 五南.
劉世閔 (2007). 質性研究 e 點通. 高雄: 麗文文化.
董旭英 黃儀娟. (2000) 次級資料研究法. 台北: 弘智.
(原書 Stewart, DW &Kamins, MA﹝ 1993﹞. Secondary Research: Information Sources and Methods. Sage Publications.
張芬芬譯（2005）質性研究資料分析.台北：雙葉。
(原書Miles, Matthew B. and A. Michael Huberman（1994）, Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded Sourcebook
(2nd ed.).Thousand Oaks : SagePublications

講義 報告
內政部(2010 ) 國家重要濕地保育計畫
張文亮(2004)「濕地生態與工程」課程講義，水文的特性，台灣大學生物環境系統工程系

網頁
https://dnr.wi.gov/topic/wetlands/acreage.html
http://epaper.naer.edu.tw/index.php?edm_no=51&content_no=1421 國教院
http://terms.naer.edu.tw/detail/1678678/ 國教院