提要
本研究的主要目的是想要探究處於現代性與後現代性夾縫中的當代人如何面對未來，尤其是中國在科技理性時代中，所面臨的雙重危機以及轉機。以目前而言，國內學者對於現代性與後現代性的爭論往往皆陷入哲學的沉思中，而未觸及社會實際的現狀，另一方面他們往往以西方的學術為藍本而未觸及中國在後現代社會中所面臨的問題以及所能扮演的角色。
本研究所採用的方法模型是筆者鑽研社會科學方法論十幾年的心得結晶，基本上社會科學的研究是從問題與危機開始的，有了問題與危機，我們將進行詮釋與理解，有了詮釋的基礎，我們可能進行重建與批判的工作以維護既有的典範，我們也有可能進行解構與融合的工作以達成典範轉換的目的。根據上述的方法模型，本文首先探討西方科學的危機以及技術社會的宰制現象，進而分析這些現象產生背後的理性基礎與主體性特徵，同時我們也想要了解關係西方科學與技術興起的人文主義與啟蒙運動思潮，透過這個理解，我們才能知道危機的根源以及可能的解決途徑。
當西方科技理性面臨危機時，波柏與哈伯馬斯所要進行的就是重建與批判的工作，而費耶阿本德、胡塞爾、海德格以及後現代學者所要進行的就是解構與融合的工作。基本上，前者是想要在現有的典範中重建其原有的規範標準以批判現實社會的扭曲，後者則是想要解構既有的典範以開啟新的可能性。關於科技典範所造成危機的解決途徑大抵包括︰技術的解決、民主參與、美學救贖與後形上學途徑，前二者採取重建與批判的立場，對於科技理性抱持樂觀的態度，後二者採取解構與融合的策略，對於科技理性則抱持悲觀的態度。
中國在科技時代中的處境是兩難的，一方面我們必須發展科學理性以加速進入現代，另一方面我們又要以傳統的宗教哲學積極參與後現代的論述，這種矛盾的處境要求我們採取「既是又是」(both/ and )的立場，才能破除「非此即彼」(either/ or)的焦慮，因此我們必須科學與人文並重，才能在後現代社會中找到立足之地。

關鍵詞︰科學、技術、合理性、主體性

ABSTRACT
This text is to understand, in the fissure of modernity and post-modernity, how contemporary people face the future; in particular, in the age of technoscientific rationality, how China face her binal crisis and to solve them. Until Now, in regard to the debate between modernity and post-modernity, domestic scholars usually fall into philosophic speculation, and don’t touch the real condition of society. Besides, they usually follow the science of Western, and don't deal with the problems faced by China in the postmodern society, and how she can play a role in the postmodern society.
This text uses a method model that I obtain from my research of the methodology of social science for more than ten years. Basically, social science research begins from question and crisis; if there are question and crisis, we will proceed to interpret and understand them; if we have a foundation of interpretation, we may proceed to reconstruct and criticize in order to maintain original paradigm, or we may proceed to deconstruct and fuse in order to achieve paradigm shift. According to this method model, this text begins with exploring Western scientific crisis and the domination of technological society; further, we analyze the rational foundation and subjectivity characteristic of this phenomenon, at the same time we want to understand humanism and the Enlightenment that influenced the rise of Western science and technology. Through this understanding, we can understand the root of crisis and possible solution.
When Western technoscientific rationality faces with crisis, What Karl Popper and Jürgen Habermas do is to reconstruct and criticize, while Paul Feyerabend, Edmund Husserl, Matin Heidegger and postmodernists deconstruct and fuse. Basically, the former want to reconstruct the original normal standard and criticize the deformation of real society in order to maintain original paradigm; the latter want to deconstruct original paradigm in order to open the new possibility. The approaches of resolution about technoscientific crisis include: technical, democratic, aesthetic and post-metaphysical. The first two adopt a stand of reconstruction and critique, holding an optimistic attitude with regard to technoscientific rationality. The latter two adopt the strategy of deconstruction and fusion, holding a pessimistic attitude with regard to technoscientific rationality.
The dilemma of China in the technoscientific era is ambiguity, on the one hand, we must develop technoscientific rationality in order to enter modern quickly; on the other hand, we also must use traditional religious philosophy to participate in the discourse of post-modern. This contradictory plight demands that we adopt a stand of “both/ and”, so we can get rid of the anxiety of “either/ or”. Therefore we must equally emphasize science and humanism, and in this way, we can find a foothold in the postmodern society.

Key Word: science, technology, rationality, subjectivity

目次
第一章 導論
第一節 研究動機與目的 ………………………………………1
第二節 研究方法 ………………………………………………6
第三節 科學與技術概念的澄清 ………………………………30
第四節 研究架構 ………………………………………………37
第二章 當代科學與技術的危機
第一節 西方的科學危機 ………………………………………39
第二節 技術社會的來臨 ………………………………………60
第三節 科技社會的雙重性 ……………………………………80
第三章 關於科技理性
第一節 理性概念及其批判 ……………………………………101
第二節 告別理性 ………………………………………………123
第三節 實踐的關懷 ……………………………………………145
第四章 主體性分析
第一節 主體理性的辯證發展 …………………………………167
第二節 現代性與後現代性 ……………………………………187
第三節 互為主體與本體的回歸 ………………………………213
第五章 科技典範的變遷
第一節 民主的途徑 ……………………………………………233
第二節 美學的救贖 ……………………………………………254
第三節 技術的後形上學思考………………………………………280
第六章 科技時代中的中國
第一節 東方世界的雙重危機 …………………………………303
第二節 啟蒙──一個未竟的事業? ……………………………317
第三節 從後現代的視野思考中國 ……………………………342
第七章 結語 …………………………………………………………369
參考書目 …………………………………………………………………373

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