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博碩士論文 etd-0121118-202552 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0121118-202552
論文名稱
Title
含裂縫之鈦/碳纖維/聚醚醚酮混合複材積層板之機械行為與疲勞性能
Mechanical Behavior and Fatigue Responses of Cracked Ti/Carbon-fiber/PEEK Hybrid Composite Laminates
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
142
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2018-01-17
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2018-02-21
關鍵字
Keywords
碳纖維/聚醚醚酮、鈦、裂縫、纖維金屬積層板、疲勞壽命、機械性能
Titanium, Mechanical Properties, APC-2, Crack, Fiber metal laminate, Fatigue Life
統計
Statistics
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The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5639 times, has been downloaded 4 times.
中文摘要
本文主旨在於研製鈦/碳纖維/聚醚醚酮(Ti/APC-2)三明治結構創新奈米複合材料積層板。首先,使用鉻酸陽極處理法對一級鈦薄板進行表面處理,克服了常見的脫層問題,使鈦薄板與基材聚醚醚酮完美結合。接著藉由靜態拉伸試驗和疲勞試驗研究其機械性能和疲勞性能。試片的疊序有兩種,分別為十字疊 [Ti/(0/90)s/Ti]s和類似均向疊 [Ti/(0/±45/90)/Ti]s,幾何尺寸分為3層試片之為長×寬×厚 = 240×25.4×1.55 mm3和5層試片長×寬×厚 = 240×25.4×2.6 mm3兩種。試片分為無裂縫之平板試片、單邊裂縫試片、傾斜單邊裂縫試片和傾斜雙邊裂縫試片。單邊裂縫試片的初始裂縫長ai有四種,分別為1.5、3.0、4.5和6.0公厘。傾斜單邊裂縫試片有三種初始裂縫長ai = 1.5、3.0和6.0公厘與三個傾角分別為45°,60°和75°。而傾斜雙邊裂縫裂試片之初始裂縫長固定為1.5公厘,雙邊裂縫之傾角分為對稱傾角與反對稱傾角,角度分別為α = 0°,30°,45°,60°和75°,β = 0°,± 30°,±45°,±60°和±75°。
從靜態拉伸試驗中我們獲致了各種試片的極限強度、殘留強度和勁度等機械性能,並繪製平板試片之應力 - 應變曲線圖和含裂縫試片之負載 - 位移曲線圖,接著藉由疲勞試驗獲致了平板試片之應力 – 振次曲線及含裂縫試片之負載 – 振次曲線和殘留壽命。
再來,透過修正混合理論(ROMs)來預測平板試片之極限強度、縱向勁度和轉折點,預測結果與實驗數據非常一致。在預測壽命方面,所使用的結合破壞機制之理論模型,預測平板試片之耐久度/壽命,其結果與實驗數據接近。
對於單邊裂縫試片,結果顯示隨著裂縫長的增加其性能跟著降低,藉由實驗結果我們也獲致了試片之破壞韌性和J積分值。最後使用修改的方法取代了常用於金屬的巴黎氏法則,來預測含裂縫之混合積層板裂縫之生長速率和殘留壽命。
而傾斜單邊裂縫試片,我們結合了裂縫長和傾角與破壞力學來修改巴黎氏法則完成預測,但預測結果顯然不佳,加以考慮失效之機制,並將裂縫生長和殘留壽命與其做結合後,所提出之模型其壽命預測結果與實驗數據相比結果是可接受的。
雙邊裂縫試片方面,試片裂縫傾角越小(即α = β= 0°),其機械性能越低。使用修正巴黎氏法則結合裂縫長、裂縫尖端間距與傾角來預測殘留壽命,所得之預測結果與實驗數據相比,其誤差也在可接受範圍內。
在進行了一系列鈦/碳纖維/聚醚醚酮纖維金屬積層板之拉伸和疲勞試驗後,我們獲致了其機械性能、疲勞響應以及壽命,所提出的預測方法和模型,其預測結果與實驗數據相比對皆相當準確
Abstract
The innovative Ti/APC-2 hybrid fiber metal laminates (FMLs) were successfully fabricated. The Grade 1 Titanium thin sheets were treated by chromic acid anodic (CAA) method to overcome the usual problem of delamination and achieved perfect bonding with matrix PEEK eventually. Then, the mechanical properties and fatigue behavior were investigated due to static tensile and cyclic tests. The dimensions and geometry of samples were L×W×t = 240×25.4×1.55 mm3 and L×W×t = 240×25.4×2.6 mm3 for stacking sequence cross-ply [Ti/(0/90)s/Ti]s and quasi-isotropic [Ti/(0/±45/90)/Ti]s hybrid laminates, respectively. They were divided into four groups, such as original samples without a crack, samples with single-edged crack, samples with inclined single-edged crack and samples with inclined double-edged cracks. The initial crack length ai of single-edged cracked samples were 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0 mm. The samples with inclined single-edged crack were divided into three crack lengths suck as ai = 1.5, 3.0 and 6.0 mm, and three inclined angles as 45°, 60° and 75°. The samples with inclined double-edged cracks were divided into two groups, such as symmetrical and anti-symmetrical cracks, i.e., α = 0°, 30°, 45°, 60° and ±75°, and β = 0°, ±30°, ±45°, ±60° and ±75°.
From tensile tests the mechanical properties such as ultimate strength, residual strength and stiffness were measured, and the stress vs. strain diagrams for original samples and load vs. displacement diagrams for with cracks were plotted, respectively. Also, we obtained the stress vs. cycles (S-N) curves for original samples and load vs. cycles (P-N) curves and residual lives for cracked samples by cyclic tests.
Next, for original samples, the predicted results of ultimate strength, longitudinal stiffness and the knee point by using the modified rule of mixtures (ROMs) were all in very good agreement with the experimental data. The theoretical model combined the failure mechanisms to predict the results of durability/life were agreed well with experimental data.
For samples with single-edged cracks the longer the crack length is, the more their properties are reduced. The values of stress intensity factor and J-integral of Ti/APC-2 FMLs were obtained. In predicting crack growth rate and residual life, instead of commonly used Paris Law for metals, the modified method was adopted for hybrid cracked laminates.
For samples with inclined single edged crack we used the double linear rule and considered the observed failure mechanisms to predict the lives and found the predicted results were mostly close to the empirical data. We combined the crack length and inclined angle, adopted fracture mechanics and modified the Paris law to accomplish the prediction. However, the predicted results were obviously not so good. Again, considering the failure mechanisms to improve the crack propagation and remaining life we found the predicted lives were acceptable well in comparison with experimental data.
For double-edged crack samples, the smaller the crack inclination was, i.e. 0°, the more their mechanical properties were reduced. The modified Paris law combined the crack length, distance between crack tips and inclined angle was adopted to predict residual lives. The predicted results were acceptable well in comparison with experimental data.
After a serious of tensile and cyclic tests for Ti/APC-2 FMLs we received their mechanical properties and fatigue responses and lives. The adopted methods and models to predict the results were found acceptably well in comparison with experimental data. The final goal was achieved.
目次 Table of Contents
致 謝 ii
摘 要 iii
ABSTRACT v
LIST OF FIGURES xi
LISTS OF ABBREVIATIONS 1
LIST OF SYMBOLS 2
I. INTRODUCTION 5
1.1 Background 5
1.1.1 Fiber Metal Laminates 6
1.1.2 Surface Treatment 8
1.1.3 Fatigue 9
1.1.4 Crack 10
1.2 Research Motive and Achievement 11
II. EXPERIMENTS 14
2.1 Materials 14
2.1.1 APC-2 14
2.1.2 Grade 1 Titanium alloy 15
2.2 Pretreatment 15
2.3 Fabrication of Specimens 16
2.4 Testing 17
III. RESULTS 33
3.1 Original samples 33
3.2 Sigle-edged crack samples 33
3.3 Inclined single-edged crack samples 34
3.4 Inclined double-edged crack samples 34
IV. ANALYSIS 53
4.1 Original samples 53
4.1.1 Stress-strain curve 53
4.1.2 S-N curves 57
4.2 Single-edged crack samples 59
4.3 Inclined single-edged crack samples 62
4.4 Inclined double-edged crack samples 65
V. DISCUSSION 98
5.1 Original samples 98
5.2 Single-edged crack samples 102
5.3 Inclined single-edged crack samples 104
5.4 Inclined double-edged crack samples 106
VI. CONCLUSSION AND FUTURE STUDY 116
Future Studies 118
REFERENCES 120
VITA 128
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