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博碩士論文 etd-0123106-180812 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0123106-180812
論文名稱
Title
龍膽石斑神經壞死病毒入侵SSN-1 細胞初期之機轉
Early Endocytosis Pathways in SSN-1 Cells Infected by Dragon Grouper Nervous Necrosis Virus
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
270
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2005-12-17
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2006-01-23
關鍵字
Keywords
似病毒顆粒、內吞作用、神經壞死病毒、複製酶、外殼蛋白
RdRp, coat protein, VLPs, endocytosis, betanodavirus
統計
Statistics
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The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5837 times, has been downloaded 3153 times.
中文摘要
世界各地有許多養殖魚類遭受神經壞死病毒(betanodavirus)感染而造成經濟上的損失。本篇研究以龍膽石斑神經壞死病毒(DGNNV)和其似病毒顆粒(VLPs)為題材,經由西方點墨法(Western blotting)與間接酵素連結免疫吸附法(indirect ELISA)分析病毒與SSN-1細胞的結合能力,ELISA結果顯示每個SSN-1細胞約可與8 × 104個VLPs結合,結合量與加入的VLPs量呈正相關,細胞經由neuraminidase或tunicamycin的處理後,細胞與病毒的結合量會降低,顯示N-醣基化蛋白上的唾液酸參與了此機制。VLPs可與病毒競爭,阻擋病毒入侵細胞,顯示VLPs外型如同病毒一般,在結構上難以區別。電子顯微鏡觀察不同時間下病毒入侵SSN-1細胞的機制,觀察到微胞飲與細胞膜皺摺,病毒入侵時會偶發生成8字型囊泡,顯示在微胞飲剛形成凹陷的時候,同時產生細胞膜皺摺,而一併將之胞飲入內所導致,因此推論DGNNV經由微胞飲(micropinocytosis)與巨胞飲(macropinocytosis)機制入侵SSN-1細胞。
分析所有nodavirus的RNA1與protein A的氨基酸序列,發現MGNNV與RGNNV最相似,而造成betanodavirus protein A演化上差異的原因,是宿主物種差異所導致的可能性大於地理的區隔。Betanodavirus protein A的序列中,位於aa 580-730之處皆有RNA複製酶的motifs,Phyre程式計算出BVDV的RNA複製酶為最好的模板,預測出MGNNV protein A呈現thumb、palm與finger的RNA複製酶3D結構。
Abstract
Many fish undergo betanodavirus infection. To study the infection process of dragon grouper nervous necrosis virus (DGNNV), native virus and E. coli-produced virus-like particles (VLPs) were used to analyze the binding and internalization in SSN-1 cells. The binding of DGNNV and VLPs to SSN-1 cells was demonstrated using Western blotting and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). As estimated by ELISA, the DGNNV particles bound SSN-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner up to 8 × 104 particles per cell. The binding of VLPs was sensitive to neuraminidase and tunicamycin, suggesting that cell-surface sialic acid is involved in binding. The recombinant VLPs block attachment of native virus to the surface of cultured fish nerve cells, blocking infection by the native virus. It is suggesting that the outer shell of DGNNV VLPs is structurally indistinguishable from native virus. The penetration of DGNNV into cells, which was monitored by electron microscopy, appeared mainly to occur via the spherical pit and membrane ruffling pathways. Occasionally, a spherical pit was engulfed by membrane ruffling so as to form a large figure 8-shaped vesicle with an open connection. Our observations suggest that DGNNV utilizes both micro- and macro-pinocytosis pathways to enter SSN-1 cells.
Both of nucleotide and amino acid sequences of MGNNV protein A were comparison with all of Nodaviridae members, revealed that MGNNV were most closely related to RGNNV. No correlation of sequences of betanodavirus with geographical habitat was detected. All thirteen nodavirus protein A amino acid sequences contained canonical RNA polymerase motifs in their C-terminal halves and conserved elements of predicted secondary structure throughout. By Phyre web server identification, the BVDV RdRp as the best template for fold recognition of the RdRp domain of MGNNV and allowed the construction of a congruent 3D model.
目次 Table of Contents
謝誌 i
摘要 ii
Abstract iv
目錄 vi
表目錄 ix
圖目錄 x
第一章、緒論 1
1.1 台灣石斑魚養殖概況 1
1.2 Betanodavirus病毒株的命名 2
1.3 感染betanodavirus之病徵 4
1.4 細胞培養增殖betanodavirus 5
1.5 Betanodavirus分子生物學特性 8
1.5.1 病毒型態與遺傳物質 8
1.5.2 RdRp的特性 8
1.5.3 序列分析及病毒株的檢疫 10
1.5.4 Alphanodavirus病毒組裝與外殼蛋白的修飾 12
1.5.5 Betanodavirus病毒組裝與外殼蛋白的修飾 13
1.5.6 外殼蛋白N端與C端對病毒顆粒形成之重要性 14
1.6 Betanodavirus之致病力 16
1.7 Nodavirus之抗原性及感染力 17
1.8 Betanodavirus感染宿主的途徑 18
1.9 病毒進入細胞的機制 19
1.10 研究目的 22
第二章、N-醣基化蛋白之唾液酸參與病毒和細胞結合之機制 23
2.1 前言 23
2.2 材料與方法 25
2.2.1 病毒的增殖 25
2.2.2 病毒純化 26
2.2.3 細菌培養條件 27
2.2.4 SDS-PAGE蛋白質電泳 27
2.2.5 VLPs的純化 28
2.2.6 Formvar支持膜製作與鍍碳 29
2.2.7 負染色 29
2.2.8 FITC標定病毒與VLPs 30
2.2.9 細胞繼代 30
2.2.10 西方點墨法 31
2.2.11 不同細胞與VLPs的結合量 32
2.2.12 外殼蛋白N端與C端是否影響病毒與細胞結合 33
2.2.13 VLPs和病毒與SSN-1細胞結合之競爭試驗 34
2.2.14 VLPs是否抑制CPE 34
2.2.15 間接酵素連結免疫吸附法 35
2.2.16 結合SSN-1細胞之VLPs量變化 36
2.2.17 N-醣基化抑制劑的影響 37
2.2.18 酵素處理對病毒與VLPs結合SSN-1細胞之影響 38
2.2.19 Anti-VLP抗血清的製備與純化 38
2.3 結果 39
2.3.1 VLPs純化與FITC標定VLPs 39
2.3.2 FITC-VLPs與細胞結合 40
2.3.3 截短N端或C端不會影響與SSN-1的結合 40
2.3.4 VLPs阻隔virus入侵SSN-1細胞 42
2.3.5病毒與SSN-1細胞N-醣基化配位體之唾液酸結合 42
2.4 討論 44
第三章、神經壞死病毒之內化機制 49
3.1前言 49
3.2 材料與方法 51
3.2.1 間接免疫螢光分析法 51
3.2.2 免疫電子顯微鏡觀測 52
3.3 結果 53
3.3.1 細胞上聚集螢光 53
3.3.2 DGNNV透過微胞飲與巨胞飲進入細胞 54
3.4 討論 56
第四章、神經壞死病毒RNA1與複製酶結構的分析 63
4.1 前言 63
4.2 材料與方法 65
4.2.1 total RNA之萃取 65
4.2.2 反轉錄聚合酶連鎖反應 66
4.2.3 質體的萃取 66
4.2.4 選殖株 67
4.2.5 Competent cell的製作 68
4.2.6 細胞轉型 69
4.2.7 序列分析、蛋白質二級結構與三級結構預測 69
4.3 結果 70
4.3.1 RNA1序列比較 70
4.3.2 RNA1未轉譯區 73
4.3.3 核酸之多序列排比與親源關係 73
4.3.4 RdRp氨基酸之多序列排比與親源關係 74
4.3.5 Protein B2氨基酸之多重序列排列與親源關係 76
4.3.6 RNA複製酶的motifs和其2D與3D結構預測 77
4.3.7 大腸稈菌表現MGNNV的RdRp 79
4.4 討論 79
第五章、結論 83
參考文獻 87
圖表 111
附錄 183
附錄A、選殖質體圖與其序列 183
A.1 pUC19-RF1 183
A.2 pUC19-P1 186
A.3 pET28a-M1 189
A.4 pET28a-RF1-P1 194
A.5 pET28a-RF1-P1-M1 198
附錄C、藥品與實驗步驟 230
C.1萃取RNA之藥品與步驟 230
C.2 反轉錄聚合酶連鎖反應之藥品與步驟 231
C.3 二次聚合酶連鎖反應之藥品與步驟 232
C.4 病毒液製備與病毒增殖 232
C.5純化病毒步驟 233
C.6萃取質體步驟 233
C.7 Competent cell的製作步驟 234
C.8 細胞轉型步驟 234
C.9 細菌培養步驟 235
C.10 SDS-PAGE分析步驟 235
C.11 純化似病毒顆粒步驟 236
C.12 Formvar支持膜製作步驟 236
C.13 負染色步驟 237
C.14 FITC 標定病毒與VLPs之步驟 237
C.15 細胞培養步驟 238
C.16 西方點墨法操作步驟 241
C.17 間接酵素連結免疫吸附法步驟 242
C.18 Anti-VLP抗血清製作與純化步驟 243
C.19 間接免疫螢光分析法操作步驟 243
C.20 固定、脫水與包埋 244
C.21 玻璃刀製作 245
C.22 切片 246
C.23 醋酸鈾與檸檬酸鉛染色 247
C.24 電子顯微鏡操作 247
附錄D、參考文獻之圖表 249
附錄E、個人著作 254
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