論文使用權限 Thesis access permission:校內校外完全公開 unrestricted
開放時間 Available:
校內 Campus: 已公開 available
校外 Off-campus: 已公開 available
論文名稱 Title |
「不准叫我男孩!」:詹姆士•鮑德溫《另一個國度》中之黑人國族主義、黑人男性情慾、與黑人男子氣概 “Don't Call Me Boy”:Black Nationalism, Black Male Sexuality, and Black Masculinity in James Baldwin's Another Country |
||
系所名稱 Department |
|||
畢業學年期 Year, semester |
語文別 Language |
||
學位類別 Degree |
頁數 Number of pages |
124 |
|
研究生 Author |
|||
指導教授 Advisor |
|||
召集委員 Convenor |
|||
口試委員 Advisory Committee |
|||
口試日期 Date of Exam |
2007-01-16 |
繳交日期 Date of Submission |
2007-01-23 |
關鍵字 Keywords |
黑人男子氣概、黑人男性情慾、黑人國族主義、異性戀霸權、父權體制、酷兒、身份認同、敘事策略 black nationalism, black male sexuality, black masculinity, heterosexism, identity politics, narrative strategy, queer, patriarchal structure |
||
統計 Statistics |
本論文已被瀏覽 5717 次,被下載 2530 次 The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5717 times, has been downloaded 2530 times. |
中文摘要 |
本論文嘗試分析非裔美國作家詹姆士•鮑德溫在六0年代黑人國族主義、黑人男性情慾、與黑人男子氣概的繁複交錯之際,如何策略性地協商其種族與性別身份認同政治,並體現在其小說《另一個國度》中。筆者擬於本文第一章中提出,鮑德溫以其黑人同志作家的雙重(邊緣)身份,意欲藉該文本展演一種模稜兩可的敘事美學,亦即針對父權體制與異性戀霸權採取表面肯定、實則反覆質疑的敘事策略,進而揭露兩者之互為表裡,並顛覆性別與情慾疆界,最終重塑非裔美國黑人之男性氣質且落實種族正義。此敘事策略更與鮑德溫的身份認同概念互為呼應:身份認同恆為游移、不定、且多元決定的「變動過程」,而非始終如一的「固定實體」。究此,本文第二章將以非裔美國社會在六0年代風起雲湧的黑人國族運動與民權運動為主軸,深入探討非裔美國男性在強調種族本質與爭取種族自治之際,無(有)意間複製甚且強化了父權體制與異性戀霸權,形構了所謂「黑人超級男子氣概」(black super-masculinity)。本文第三至五章即以此為閱讀軸線,著重分析鮑德溫小說《另一個國度》中的五位男主人翁,冀能爬梳出作者獨特之敘事脈絡,以為挑戰此變相(向)對內壓迫之利器,並重組非裔美國黑人之男性氣質光譜。本文結論旨在強調,《另一個國度》絕非狂歡式的酷兒國度書寫,更非作者在種族議題上與白人霸權妥協甚至退讓。身處黑人國族主義、黑人男性情慾、與黑人男子氣概交錯的節點,鮑德溫勢必在種族與性別�情慾解放上取得平衡點,而小說《另一個國度》即為此平衡點的最佳詮釋之一。 |
Abstract |
This thesis aims to read James Baldwin’s Another Country to examine why and how he uses this novel to interrogate black nationalist discourses that inform the sexist and heterosexist biases in mid-century America. I would argue that Baldwin, in writing this novel, adopts an ambivalent narrative strategy both to ostensibly compromise on the heterosexual matrix politically and culturally scripted by black activists, and to critique the black hyperbolic masculinism endorsed and performed by them as itself a tragic consequence of white racism. Whereas black nationalists carry the Black Macho agenda into practice to redeem their manliness, Baldwin suspects that the heterosexist imperative of black machismo may end up infringing the rights of gender and sexual minorities. I thus argue, in Chapter One, that Baldwin writes Another Country to negotiate an oblique response to the conundrum he feels as both an artist and a black leader. To explain how his conundrum takes shape, I attempt in Chapter Two to lay bare the hegemonic masculinist ideologies embedded in anti-racist discourses. Drawing on this historical and theoretical investigation as my interpretive scaffold, I would in the following three chapters elaborate on how the novelist exemplifies his narrative technique via his male figures in Another Country. In doing so, Baldwin can, I would propose, assert that racial justice and sexual freedom must concur to effectuate blacks’ autonomy. As such, I conclude my thesis by suggesting that Baldwin never intends “another country” to be an idyllic landscape wherein Eric ostensibly plays out as a “sexual savior” and betters other characters’ self-recognition. Another Country instead illustrates a contested site where discourses on black nationalism, black male sexuality, and black masculinity come into a productive dialogism. Another Country, that is, can be best interpreted as Baldwin’s investigation into the intersection of race, gender, and sexuality in the sixties, and his consistent reformulation of individual identity as fluid, labile, and multiple. |
目次 Table of Contents |
Abstract Chapter One Introduction: Gendering the Black Nation 1 Chapter Two Black Nationalism and the Black Macho Agenda 14 Chapter Three Blackness and Sexual Paranoia in Another Country 47 Chapter Four Whiteness and the Heterosexual Imperative in Another Country 65 Chapter Five Queer Politics in Another Country 88 Conclusion 106 Works Cited 111 |
參考文獻 References |
Works Cited Anderson, Benedict. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. Rev. ed. London: Verso, 1991. Baldwin, James. Another Country. New York: Vintage, 1993. -----. Conversations with James Baldwin. Ed. Fred L Standley and Louis H. Pratt. Jackson: UP of Mississippi, 1989. -----. “Conversation: Ida Lewis and James Baldwin.” Interview with Ida Lewis. Conversations with James Baldwin. 83-92. -----. “James Baldwin, 1924-1987: A Tribute—The Last Interview.” Interview with Quincy Troupe. Conversations with James Baldwin. 287-92. -----. “Race, Hate, Sex and Colour: A Conversation with James Baldwin and Colin MacInnes.” Interview with James Mossman. Conversations with James Baldwin. 46-58. -----. Giovanni’s Room. New York: Penguin, 2001. -----. James Baldwin: Collected Essays. New York: Library of America, 1998. -----. “The Creative Process.” James Baldwin: Collected Essays. 669-72. -----. “Everybody’s Protest Novel.” James Baldwin: Collected Essays. 11-18. -----. “Freaks and the American Ideal of Manhood.” James Baldwin: Collected Essays. 814-29. -----. “Stranger in the Village.” James Baldwin: Collected Essays. 117-29. -----. “Go the Way Your Heart Beats: An Interview with James Baldwin.” Interview with Richard Goldstein. James Baldwin: The Legacy. Ed. Quency Troupe. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1989. 173-85. -----. Nobody Knows My Name: More Notes of a Native Son. New York: Dell, 1961. -----. “Alas, Poor Richard.” Nobody Knows My Name. 146-70. -----. “The Black Boy Looks at the White Boy.” Nobody Knows My Name. 171-90. -----. “The Male Prison.” Nobody Knows My Name. 127-32. Bergman, David. “The African and the Pagan in Gay Black Literature.” Sexual Sameness: Textual Differences in Lesbian and Gay Writing. Ed. Joseph Bristow. New York: Routledge, 1992. 148-69. Blount, Marcellus and George P. Cunningham, eds. Representing Black Men. New York: Routledge, 1996. Bone, Robert A. “James Baldwin.” Kinnamon, ed. 28-51. Brod, Harry and Michael Kaufman, eds. Theorizing Masculinities. California: Sage, 1994. Burns, Stewart. Social Movements of the 1960s: Searching for Democracy. Boston: Twayne, 1990. Butler, Judith. Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. New York: Routledge, 1990. -----. Body that Matter: On the Discursive Limits of “Sex.” New York: Routledge, 1993. Carmichael, Stokely and Charles V. Hamilton. Black Power: The Politics of Liberation in America. New York: Vintage, 1967. Cederstrom, Lorelei. “Love, Race and Sex in the Novels of James Baldwin.” Mosaic 17.2 (1984): 175-88. Clarke, Cheryl. “The Failure to Transform: Homophobia in the Black Community.” Home Girls: A Black Feminist Anthology. Ed. Barbara Smith. New York: Kitchen Table—Women of Color P, 1983. 197-208. Cleaver, Eldridge. Soul on Ice. New York: Delta, 1968. Rep. 1991. Cohen, William A. “Liberalism, Libido, Liberation: Baldwin’s Another Country.” The Queer Sixties. Ed. Patricia Juliana Smith. New York: Routledge, 1999. 201-22. Conerly, Gregory. “Are You Black First or Are You Queer?” Constantine-Simms, ed. 7-23. Constantine-Simms, Delroy, ed. The Greatest Taboo: Homosexuality in Black Communities. Los Angelas: Alyson, 2000. Corber, Robert J. Homosexuality in Cold War America: Resistance and the Crisis of Masculinity. Durham: Duke UP, 1997. Degout, Yasmin Y. “‘Masculinity’ and (Im)maturity: ‘The Man Child’ and Other Stories in Baldwin’s Gender Studies Enterprise.” Miller, ed. 128-53. De Lauretis, Teresa. Alice Doesn’t: Feminism, Semiotics, Cinema. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1984. D’Emilio, John and Estelle B. Freedman. Intimate Matters: A History of Sexuality in America. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1997. De Romanet, Jerome. “Revisiting Madeleine and ‘The Outing’: James Baldwin’s Revision of Gide’s Sexual Politics.” MELUS 22.1 (1997): 3-14. Dievler, James A. “Sexual Exiles: James Baldwin and Another Country.” McBride, ed. 161-83. Doss, Erika. “Imaging the Panthers: Representing Black Power and Masculinity, 1960s-1990s.” Prospects 23 (1998): 483-516. Du Bois, W. E. B. The Souls of Black Folk. New York: Bantam Dell, 2005. Dunning, Stefanie K. “Parallel Perversions: Interracial and Same Sexuality in James Baldwin’s Another Country.” MELUS 26.4 (2001): 95-112. -----. “‘Ironic Soil’: Recuperative Rhythms and Negotiated Nationalisms.” African American Review 39.1-2 (2005): 231-43. Edelman, Lee. Homographesis: Essays in Gay Literary and Cultural Theory. New York: Routledge, 1994. Fanon, Frantz. Black Skin, White Masks. Trans. Charles Lam Markmann. New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1967. Feldman, Susan. “Another Look at Another Country: Reconciling Baldwin’s Racial and Sexual Politics.” Miller, ed. 88-104. Field, Douglas. “Looking for Jimmy Baldwin: Sex, Privacy, and Black Nationalist Fervor.” Callaloo 27.2 (2004): 457-80. Fiedler, Leslie A. “A Homosexual Dilemma.” Standley and Burt, ed. 146-49. Firestone, Shulamith. The Dialectic of Sex: The Case for Feminist Revolution. London: The Women’s P, 1979. Rep. 1988. Foucault, Michel. The History of Sexuality: Volume I. An Introduction. Trans. Robert Hurley. New York: Vintage, 1978. Fuss, Diana. Essentially Speaking: Feminism, Nature and Difference. New York: Routledge, 1989. -----. “Interior Colonies: Frantz Fanon and the Politics of Identification.” Diacritics 24.2-3 (1994): 20-42. Gallop, Jane. The Daughter’s Seduction: Feminism and Psychoanalysis. New York: Cornell UP, 1982. Gates, Henry Louis, Jr. “The Black Man’s Burden.” Warner, ed. 230-38. Gibson, Donald B. “James Baldwin: The Political Anatomy of Space.” O’Daniel, ed. 3-18. Gutterman, David S. “Postmodernism and the Interrogation of Masculinity.” Brod and Kaufman, ed. 219-38. Harper, Phillip Brian. “Eloquence and Epitaph: Black Nationalism and the Homophobic Impulse in Responses to the Death of Max Robinson.” Warner, ed. 239-63. hooks, bell. Yearning: Race, Gender, and Cultural Politics. Boston: South End, 1990. -----. “Homophobia in Black Communities.” Constantine-Simms, ed. 67-73. Hutchinson, Earl Ofari. “My Gay Problem, Your Black Problem.” Constantine-Simms, ed. 2-6. Kaplan, Cora. “‘A Cavern Opened in My Mind’: The Poetics of Homosexuality and the Politics of Masculinity in James Baldwin.” Blount and Cunningham, ed. 27-54. Kimmel, Michael S. “Masculinity as Homophobia: Fear, Shame, and Silence in the Construction of Gender Identity.” Brod and Kaufman, ed. 119-41. Kinnamon, Keneth, ed. James Baldwin: A Collection of Critical Essays. Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall, 1974. Lash, John S. “Baldwin Beside Himself: A Study in Modern Phallicism.” O’Daniel, ed. 47-55. Leeming, David. James Baldwin: A Biography. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1994. Lubiano, Wahneema. “Black Nationalism and Black Common Sense: Policing Ourselves and Others.” The House that Race Built. Ed. Wahneema Lubiano. New York: Vintage, 1997. 232-52. McBride, Dwight A., ed. James Baldwin Now. New York: New York UP, 1999. Mercer, Kobena and Isaac Julien. “Race, Sexual Politics and Black Masculinity: A Dossier.” Male Order: Unwrapping Masculinity. Ed. Rowena Chapman and Jonathan Rutherford. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1988. 97-164. Miller, D. Quentin, ed. Re-Viewing James Baldwin: Things Not Seen. Philadelphia: Temple UP, 2000. Morrison, Toni. Beloved. New York: Vintage, 2004. Mosse, George L. Nationalism and Sexuality: Respectability and Abnormal Sexuality in Modern Europe. New York: Howard Fertig, 1985. Nelson, Emmanuel S. “Critical Deviance: Homophobia and the Reception of James Baldwin’s Fiction.” Journal of American Culture 14.3 (1991): 91-96. -----. “The Novels of James Baldwin: Struggles of Self-Acceptance.” Journal of American Culture 8 (1985): 11-16. O’Daniel, Therman, ed. James Baldwin: A Critical Evaluation. Washington: Howard UP, 1977. Ohi, Kevin. “‘I’m not the boy you want’: Sexuality, ‘Race,’ and Thwarted Revelation in Baldwin’s Another Country.” African American Review 33.2 (1999): 261-81. Ongiri, Amy Abugo. “We Are Family: Black Nationalism, Black Masculinity, and the Black Gay Cultural Imagination.” College Literature 24.1 (1997): 280-95. Pratt, Louis H. James Baldwin. Boston: Twayne, 1978. Reid-Pharr, Robert F. “Tearing the Goat’s Flesh: Crisis, Homosexuality, Abjection, and the Production of a Late-Twentieth-Century Black Masculinity.” Novel Gazing: Queer Readings in Fiction. Ed. Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick. Durham: Duke UP, 1997. 353-76. Robinson, Dean E. Black Nationalism in American Politics and Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2001. Rose, Jacqueline. Sexuality in the Field of Vision. London: Verso, 1986. -----. Introduction—II. Feminine Sexuality: Jacques Lacan and the école freudienne. By Jacques Lacan. Ed. Juliet Mitchell and Jacqueline Rose. London: Macmillan, 1982. 27-57. Rosenblatt, Roger. “Out of Control: Go Tell It on the Mountain and Another Country.” Modern Critical Views: James Baldwin. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House, 1986. 77-96. Ross, Marlon B. “White Fantasies of Desire: Baldwin and the Racial Identities of Sexuality.” McBride, ed. 13-55. Rowden, Terry. “A Play of Abstractions: Race, Sexuality, and Community in James Baldwin’s Another Country.” Southern Review 29.1 (1993): 41-51. Scott, Joyce Hope. “From Foreground to Margin: Female Configurations and Masculine Self-Representation in Black Nationalist Fiction.” Nationalisms and Sexualities. Ed. Andrew Parker, Mary Russo, et al. New York: Routledge, 1992. 296-312. Sedgwick, Eve Kosofsky. Between Men: English Literature and Male Homosocial Desire. New York: Columbia UP, 1985. Shin, Andrew and Barbara Judson. “Beneath the Black Aesthetic: James Baldwin’s Primer of Black American Masculinity.” African American Review 32.2 (1998): 247-61. Smith, Barbara. “Homophobia: Why Bring It Up?” The Lesbian and Gay Studies Reader. Ed. Henry Abelove, Michèle Aina Barale, and David M. Halperin. New York: Routledge, 1993. 99-102. Spurlin, William J. “Culture, Rhetoric, and Queer Identity: James Baldwin and the Identity Politics of Race and Sexuality.” McBride, ed. 103-21. -----. “Rhetorical Hermeneutics and Gay Identity Politics: Rethinking American Cultural Studies.” Reconceptualizing American Literary/Cultural Studies: Rhetoric, History, and Politics in the Humanities. Ed. William E. Cain. New York: Garland, 1996. 168-83. Standley, Fred L. and Nancy V. Burt, eds. Critical Essays on James Baldwin. Boston: G. K. Hall, 1988. Thomas, Kendall. “‘Ain’t Nothin’ Like the Real Thing’: Black Masculinity, Gay Sexuality, and the Jargon of Authenticity.” Blount and Cunningham, ed. 55-69. Toombs, Charles P. “Black-Gay-Man Chaos in Another Country.” Miller, ed. 105-27. Tuhkanen, Mikko. “Binding the Self: Baldwin, Freud, and the Narrative of Subjectivity.” GLQ 7.4 (2001): 553-91. Waldrep, Shelton. “‘Being Bridges’: Cleaver/Baldwin/Lorde and African-American Sexism and Sexuality.” Critical Essays: Gay and Lesbian Writers of Color. Ed. Emmanuel S. Nelson. New York: Haworth P, 1993. 167-80. Wallace, Michele. Black Macho and the Myth of the Superwoman. New York: Dial, 1990. Warner, Michael, ed. Fear of a Queer Planet: Queer Politics and Social Theory. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 1993. Washington, Booker T. Up from Slavery. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1995. Washington, Bryan R. The Politics of Exile: Ideology in Henry James, F. Scott Fitzgerald, and James Baldwin. Boston: Northeastern UP, 1995. X, Malcolm. The Autobiography of Malcolm X: With the Assistance of Alex Haley. New York: Viking Penguin, 1965. X, Malcolm. Malcolm X on Afro-American History. New York: Pathfinder P, 1970. |
電子全文 Fulltext |
本電子全文僅授權使用者為學術研究之目的,進行個人非營利性質之檢索、閱讀、列印。請遵守中華民國著作權法之相關規定,切勿任意重製、散佈、改作、轉貼、播送,以免觸法。 論文使用權限 Thesis access permission:校內校外完全公開 unrestricted 開放時間 Available: 校內 Campus: 已公開 available 校外 Off-campus: 已公開 available |
紙本論文 Printed copies |
紙本論文的公開資訊在102學年度以後相對較為完整。如果需要查詢101學年度以前的紙本論文公開資訊,請聯繫圖資處紙本論文服務櫃台。如有不便之處敬請見諒。 開放時間 available 已公開 available |
QR Code |