高分子配向層(Alignment Layer)在液晶配向上扮演著相當重要的角色。液晶顯示元件配向方式依不同的需求，常見的配向方法有水平配向(Homogeneous)與垂直配向(Homeotropic)之分。不同的高分子材料與表面處理方式，所帶來的配向效果皆不相同。這份論文的研究希望能藉由毛刷使用不同的入毛深度及不同摩擦次數摩擦配向層之後，去探討不同摩擦強度（Rubbing Strength）對於垂直配向液晶元件其對比度(Contrast ratio)及響應時間(Response Time)的影響。
使用不同的摩擦強度(Rubbing Strength)摩擦配向層後，分別灌注兩種負型液晶(△ε < 0)組成樣品，再去量測樣品的預傾角及光電特性，會發現雖然是不同的液晶元件，但是確有近似的結果。使用相同毛刷入毛深度搭配不同的摩擦次數，其摩擦次數越多則摩擦強度(Rubbing Strength)越大，樣品對比度(Contrast Ratio)有下降的趨勢，但是到一定的摩擦強度後卻有上升的趨勢；而在響應時間(Response Time)方面，相同入毛深度搭配不同的摩擦次數，其摩擦次數越多則摩擦強度(Rubbing Strength)越大，響應時間(Response Time)也有下降的趨勢，但是到了對比度上升的摩擦強度時則會有不規則的起伏。

Polyimide alignment layer is a very important liquid crystal alignment. The most well-known Liquid crystal display (LCD) alignment methods are homogeneous alignment and homeotropic alignment. This paper research uses different fluff depth and number of rubbing into polyimide,and changes the level of rubbing strength, to observe how electro-optical properties of vertical liquid crystal alignment changes with rubbing strength.
By rubbing polyimide with different rubbing strength, this research uses two kind of negative liquid crystal (△ε<0) as samples. This research finds that when rubbing strength increases, the contrast ratio tends to drop.However, the contrast ratio rises after certain level of rubbing strength is applied. Regarding the response time, this research finds that when rubbing strength increases, the response time tends to drop as well. However, the response time rises and falls irregularly after certain level of rubbing strength is applied.

第一章 緒論……………………………………………1
第二章 液晶相關理論及物性…………………………3
2-1 液晶的簡介………………………………3
2-2 液晶的物性………………………………9
2-2-1 秩序參數…………………………………9
2-2-2 光學雙折射………………………………10
2-2-3 介電異方性………………………………11
2-2-4 彈性係數…………………………………12
第三章 實驗相關理論及機制…………………………13
3-1 配向基礎理論……………………………13
3-1-1 配向理論…………………………………13
3-1-2 配向技術…………………………………16
3-1-3 配向膜聚亞醯胺薄膜簡介………………19
3-2 預傾角……………………………………22
3-3 摩擦強度…………………………………24
3-4 光電量測系統……………………………25
3-4-1 對比度量測………………………………25
3-4-2 響應時間量測……………………………27
3-5 接觸角與表面能…………………………29
第四章 液晶樣品製作與量測流程………………32
4-1 樣品製作流程……………………………34
4-2 量測樣品表面能…………………………42
4-3 垂直配向液晶元件預傾角量測…………45
4-4 垂直配向液晶元件光電特性量測………46
4-4-1 對比度量測圖……………………………47
4-4-2 響應時間量測圖…………………………48
第五章 結果與討論……………………………………49
5-1 摩擦強度參數之選擇……………………49
5-2 摩擦強度對預傾角的影響………………54
5-3 摩擦強度與對比度關係…………………56
5-4 摩擦強度與響應時間關係………………57
第六章 結論.……………………………………………58
參考文獻………………………………………………60

[1] F.Reinizerr,Monatshefte fur Chemie, "Befitted zur Kenntniss des Cholesterins.," 1888,9,421
[2] Peter J. Collings, Liquid Crystal-Nature's Delicate Phase of Matter,(1990)
[3] G.Vertogen,W.H.de Jet,Thermotropic Liquid Crystal,Fundamentals.(1988)
[4] Birenda Bahadur,Liquid Crystal-Applications and Uses,Vol.l, World Scientific (1990)
[5] Fukuda,A.,Takanishi,Y.,Ishikawa,K.,and Takezoe,H.,J.Matter. Chem.,1994,29,4﹒
[6] Y.Ouchi,H.Takezoe and A.Fukuda ,Jpn.J.Appl.Phy.26 1(1987)
[7] Y.Ouchi,H.Takano ,H.Takezoe and A.Fukuda , Jpn.J.Appl.Phy． 27 1(1988)
[8] J.Kanbe ,H.lnoue ,A.Mizutome ,Y.Hanyuu ,K.Katagiri and S.Yoshihara:Ferroelectics ll4 (1991) 3
[9] D.Meyerhofer，Appl.Phys.Lett.29,691(1976)
[10] J.L.Janning,Appl.Phys.Lett.21,173(1972)
[1l] J.M.Pollack,W.E.Haas,andJ.E.Adams,J.Appl.Phys.48， 831(1977)
[12] K.Hiroshima,Jpn J.Appl.Phys.21,761 (1982)
[13] C.Mauguin:BulI.Soc.Fr.Min.34,7 (1991)
[14] M.Suzuki,M.Kakimoto,T.Konishi,Y.lmai.M.lwamoto,and
T.Hino:Chem.Lett.395 (1986)
[151 M.Suzuki,M.Kakimoto,T.Konishi,Y.Imai.M.Iwamoto,and
T.Hino: Chem.Lett.823 (1986)
[16] H.lkeno,A.Oh-saki,N.Ozaki,M.Nitta,K.Nakaya,and S.Kobayashi: SID 88 Digest 45 (1988)
[17] J.A.Castellano,Mol.Cryst.Liq.Cryst.,94,33(1983)
[18] T.Uchida,M.Hirano,F.Yamamoto,and K.Nagai: J.Vac. Sci. Technol A8,631(1990)
[l9] N.A.J.M.vanAerle,M.Barmentlo,andR.W.J.Holleringn:J.Appl﹒
Phys.74,3111(1993)
[2O] D.-S.See,K.MuroiandS.Kobayashi,Mel.Cryst.Liq．Cryst.213,223 (1992)．
[2l] G.Baur,V.WittwerandD.W.Berreman,Phys.Lett.56A,142(1976)
[22] T.J.Sche仟erandJ.Nehring,J.Appl.Phys.48,1783(1977)
[23] B. L. V. Horn and H.H.Winter,Appl.Opt.40,2089(2001)
[24] Shin-Taso Wu,Uzi Efron,and La Veme D. Hess,APPLIED OPTIC ,23,3911(1984)
[25] R.L.Clough,High-energy radiation and polymers: A review of commercial processes and emerging applications, Nuclear
lnstruments and Methods in Physics Research, B, 185, 8-33(2O01)
[26] H.Watanabe,T.UchidaandM.Wada,Jpn,J.Appl.Phys,l1: 1559,1972
[27] Ban, B. S.; Kim, Y. B. In Proceeding of the 1st' Korea Liquid Crystal Conference,l998;Vol.i,p3l﹒
[28] Ban, B. S.; Kim, Y. B. In The l9th International Display Research Conference & Exhibition, Asia Display,1998;P-84﹒
[29] Lee, K. W.; Paek, S. H,; Lien, A.; Angelopoulos, M.;
Stathis,J.;Fukuro,H.;During,C.AsiaDisplay l995,363
[30] K.-W.Leeetal.,Macromolecules,29(1996)8894﹒
[31] B.S.BAN，Y. B.KIM ,J.Appl.Polymer,Vol.74 ,267-271(1999)
[32] P.G.De Gennes,J.Prost,The Physics of Liquid Crystals，P.163-197 (1993) ﹒
[33] Motoichi OHTSU,Tadashi AKAHANE，and Toshiharu TAKO，
J.J.Appl．Phy,VOL.13,No4,APRIL，1974
[34] V. Freedericksz and V. Zolina,Trans.Faraday Sec.29, 919(1933)
[35] 角田市良、松本正一，液晶之基礎及運用，國立編譯館出版，台灣（2005）
[36] 李政道、彩色液晶顯示器的配向技術與材料進展，國立雲林科技大學，2005