雜交是分化的重要機制，經常造成分類困難，鳳尾蕨科的鳳尾蕨屬，其缺乏高支持力的屬下分類系統可能肇因於雜交；屬內分類群雖然有雜交的報導，然證據有限。本論文針對鳳尾蕨屬下的可能雜交分類群，二形鳳尾蕨複合群，進行研究。此複合種群因為高度形態變異，而被聯想到雜交起源。
生殖生物學揭示其具有變異的孢子囊內的孢子數，孢子大小形態，並且行無配生殖，均指向其為雜交起源。細胞學方法以染色體計數和流式細胞儀，得知複合群中含有二倍、三倍、四倍體； 葉綠體和核的核酸片段證實複合種群為雜交起源，推求複合群的父本系與母本系，鑑別出十一個分類群；由台灣與海南島的比較研究，更支持複合群是由來自多次雜交事件分類群所組成的。鳳尾蕨屬的葉綠體和核的親緣關係不相符；指出屬內除了二形鳳尾蕨複合群外，尚有其他涉及雜交的分類群。雜交事件在鳳尾蕨屬中經常出現，未來推求鳳尾蕨屬下分類系統時，網狀演化的影響不容忽視。
最後，在形態和演化的基礎上進行二形鳳尾蕨複合群的分類處理。複合群內包括卡氏鳳尾蕨 (Pteris cadieri Christ)，二形鳳尾蕨(Pteris dimorpha Copel. var. dimorpha)，廣東鳳尾蕨 (Pteris dimorpha var. plumbea (Christ) Y.-S. Chao, H.-Y. Liu et W.-L. Chiou)，翅柄鳳尾蕨 (Pteris grevilleana Wall. ex. Agardh var. grevilleanan)，白斑鳳尾蕨 (Pteris grevilleana Wall. ex Agardh var. ornata Alderw.)，以及海南鳳尾蕨 (Pteris hainanensis Ching)。

Hybridization is an important mechanism in diversification. It often makes taxonomy difficult. Lack of strong supported intrageneric classification in genus Pteris (Pteridaceae) could be caused by natural hybridization. Most hybridization documnted in Pteris was based on limited evidence. This study focuses on Pteris cadieri complex, the taxon with putative hybridization. The species complex displayed significant morphological variation and was associated with hybrid origin.
Reproductive biology revealed variation in spore number per sporangium, spore size, spore shape and apogamous reproduction, which imply its hybrid origin. Cytology analysis using chromosome counting and flow cytometry identified diploids, triploids, and tetraploids. CpDNA and nuclear DNA supported that Pteris cadieri complex is hybrid origin: paternal and maternal lineages were inferred and 11 taxa were identified. Furthermore, comparing materials form Hainan and Taiwan, , it is clear that the species complex is composed by taxa arisen from multiple hybridization. Systematic inconsistency existed between chloroplast and nuclear phylogenies in Pteris impled that other taxa might have involved in hybridization events, in addition to the Pteris cadieri complex. Hybridization may be very common in Pteris. To infer intrageneric taxonomy of Pteris, effect of reticulate evolution should never be neglected.
Finally, based on morphological and evolutionary traits, the taxonomy of Pteris cadieri complex is revised. There are Pteris cadieri Christ, Pteris dimorpha Copel. var. dimorpha, Pteris dimorpha var. plumbea (Christ) Y.-S. Chao, H.-Y. Liu & W.-L. Chiou, Pteris grevilleana Wall. ex Agardh var. grevilleanan, Pteris grevilleana Wall. ex Agardh var. ornata Alderw., and Pteris hainanensis Ching.

中文摘要 iii
Abstract iv
List of tables vi
List of figures vii
Chapter 1: General introduction 1
Chapter 2: Reproductive traits of Pteris cadieri complex in Taiwan: Implications for its hybrid origin 3
Chapter 3: Multiple hybridization in Pteris cadieri complex - taxa in Hainan and Taiwan 15
Chapter 4: A molecular phylogenetic study of Pteris cadieri complex and related Pteris 39
Chapter 5: Taxonomic conclusion 53
Appendix 67

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