台灣牡蠣養殖方式可分為插桿式、棚架平掛式，外海浮筏式、浮筒延繩式，浮筏式蚵架牡蠣養殖，本研究主要探討浮筏式蚵架遭受環境外力之動力分析。
根據水工模型試驗結果，得知流速經過結構物產生阻滯現象致使流速會持續遞減，但經過前面二個浮桿後流速呈現穩定狀態而不會再遞減，根據這個現象我們整理出遮蔽係數，帶入數值模式，探討浮筏式蚵架遭受不規則波流場作用下其纜繩張力反應，以質量集結點法(Lumped mass method)建立數值模式，採用Morison經驗公式為計算桿件受力之依據，應用牛頓定律建立運動方程式，再藉由4階的Runge-Kutta 法求解運動方程式，並以水工模型試驗加以驗證；研究結果顯示纜繩張力之時序列與頻率分析，數值模擬與水工模型試驗呈現良好之趨勢性。本研究成果可推廣至實際浮筏式蚵架養殖工程，提供養殖業者相關施作之參考依據。

There are four types of oyster aquaculture such as oyster plug rod, horizontal hanging scaffold, pontoon-style longline, and floating raft system. This study is to investigate the mooring tension of an oyster floating raft system under environmental loadings.
According to the hydrodynamic experimental test, the horizontal fluid velocity has a retarded phenomenon when encountering the front part of structure, and then gradually reduces to a stable situation after the second floating rod. The phenomenon is identified as shielding effect for the raft system and has been used as a shielding coefficient to modify the fluid velocity in the computation program. The dynamic analysis of floating raft system under random wave interaction is investigated numerically and experimentally. The lumped mass method is applied to divide the structure into many nodes and elements. A modified Morison equation dealing with moving structure components is used to calculate the environmental forces on the elements. Further, the forces on elements are divided equally into neighboring nodes to form the equation of motion based on Newton’s second law. Finally, the 4th-order Runge-Kutta (RK4) method is used as a time marching scheme to predict the displacement and velocity of nodes for the next time step. The results of time series and spectrum analysis of mooring tension show good agreement between numerical predictions and experimental data. This paper has further expanded to predict the field oyster raft system in an open sea, and offers some useful information to the oyster farmers in terms of improving the structure safety.

目錄
摘要................................................................................................................................ i
Abstract .......................................................................................................................... ii
目錄............................................................................................................................... iv
表目錄.......................................................................................................................... vii
圖目錄........................................................................................................................ viii
符號對照表................................................................................................................... xi
第一章緒論.................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 前言...................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 文獻回顧.............................................................................................................. 2
1.3 研究目的.............................................................................................................. 3
1.4 文章架構.............................................................................................................. 4
第二章浮筏式蚵架及基本理論.................................................................................. 5
2.1 浮筏式蚵架結構介紹......................................................................................... 6
2.1.1 蚵架系統...................................................................................................... 8
2.1.2 錨碇系統...................................................................................................... 9
2.1.3 牡蠣串........................................................................................................ 10
2.1.4 保麗龍塊.................................................................................................... 10
2.2 波流場的基本假設............................................................................................ 11
2.3 蚵架構件受力分析............................................................................................ 14
2.3.1 浮力............................................................................................................ 14
2.3.2 張力............................................................................................................ 14
2.3.3 重力............................................................................................................ 15
2.3.4 流阻力與慣性力........................................................................................ 15
第三章數值模式........................................................................................................ 18
3.1 不規則波流場之描述........................................................................................ 18
3.2 質量集結點法概述............................................................................................ 19
3.3 Runge-Kutta method .......................................................................................... 20
3.4 構件受力情況與質量集結點之運動方程式.................................................... 20
3.5 數值流程圖........................................................................................................ 20
第四章水工模型實驗................................................................................................ 24
4.1 實驗目的............................................................................................................ 24
4.2 水工模型製作................................................................................................... 24
4.2.1 浮筏式蚵架模型......................................................................................... 24
4.2.2 仿牡蠣模型................................................................................................ 25
4.2.3 錨碇板........................................................................................................ 25
4.2.4 纜繩............................................................................................................. 26
4.3 實驗儀器設備................................................................................................... 27
4.4 遮蔽實驗布置................................................................................................... 35
4.4.1 遮蔽效應模型布置.................................................................................... 35
4.4.2 遮蔽效應實驗步驟..................................................................................... 36
4.5 模型縮尺............................................................................................................ 38
4.5.1 水工模型製作............................................................................................. 39
4.5.2 水工蚵架模型............................................................................................. 39
4.5.3 仿牡蠣模型................................................................................................. 40
4.6 縮尺實驗佈置.................................................................................................... 41
4.6.1 縮尺水工不規則波實驗佈置..................................................................... 41
4.6.2 縮尺蚵架實驗步驟..................................................................................... 41
4.6.3 牡蠣拖曳力係數之檢定............................................................................. 42
4.7 不規則波實驗設定條件.................................................................................... 42
4.8 不規則波流實驗分析方法................................................................................ 42
4.8.1 張力分析..................................................................................................... 42
第五章數值模式與水工模型實驗探討.................................................................... 44
5.1 數值模式與縮尺水工實驗值之比較................................................................ 44
5.2 數值模式現場實務應用.................................................................................... 57
5.2.1 數值條件設定............................................................................................. 57
5.3 遮蔽系數量測................................................................................................... 59
5.3.1 遮蔽效應實驗佈置..................................................................................... 59
5.3.2 遮蔽效應實驗結果..................................................................................... 61
5.4 數值合成波探討............................................................................................... 63
5.4.1 探討合成波影響......................................................................................... 63
5.4.2 不規則波外海條件驗證............................................................................. 65
5.5 規則波與不規則波入射角度探討.................................................................... 69
第六章結論與建議.................................................................................................... 73
參考文獻...................................................................................................................... 75
附錄A 纜繩材料尺寸資料表 ..................................................................................... 77
附錄B 纜繩破段強度試驗 ......................................................................................... 78
附錄C 質量慣性矩 ..................................................................................................... 79
附錄D 纜繩與蚵架牡蠣 ............................................................................................. 81
附錄E 剛體運動 ......................................................................................................... 94

[1]陳陽益、莊文傑(1900)「波流交會作用理論之初步探討」，第12屆海洋環境工程研討會論文集，第248-265頁。
[2]張耀民(2000)「可沈式箱網養殖工程之研究」，國立中山大學海洋環境及工程學系碩士班碩士論文。
[3]唐宏結(2001)「箱網容積變形改善研究」，國立中山大學海洋環境及工程學系碩士班碩士論文。
[4]黃材成、唐宏結(2002)「可沉式海上箱網錨碇措施研究(II)」，第24屆海洋工程研討會論文集，第751-758頁。
[5]黃材成、唐宏結(2003)「海上養殖箱網錨碇措施研究」，第25屆海洋工程研討會論文集，第429-435頁。
[6]蔡政霖(2004)「台灣牡蠣養殖產業之經濟分析」，國立台灣海洋大學河海工程學系碩士班碩士論文
[7]吳聖海(2006) 「海上箱網錨碇物抓地力在砂質底床之研究」，國立中山大學海洋環境及工程學系碩士班碩士論文。
[8]王柏伸(2006)「單錨式箱網纜張力現場實驗」，國立中山大學海洋環境及工程學系碩士班碩士論文。
[9]潘仁雅(2007)「單錨式箱網結構改善及錨碇纜繩老化風險分析研究」，國立中山大學海洋環境及工程學系碩士班碩士論文。
[10]唐宏結(2008)「箱網養殖浮式平台之研究」，國立中山大學海洋環境及工程學系博士班博士論文。
[11]吳育勳(2008)「牡蠣養殖發展之研究-以台南市牡蠣養殖區為例」，國立中山大學海洋環境及工程學系碩士班碩士論文。
[12]李冠穎(2010)「外海浮筏式蚵架動力分析」，國立中山大學海洋環境及工程學系碩士班碩士論文。
[13]行政院農委會漁業署漁業資訊服務網 http://www.fa.gov.tw/chnn/
[14]Blevins, R.D., 1984. Applied Fluid Dynamics Handbook. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, pp 334.
[15]Brebbia, C.A., Walker, S., 1979. Dynamic Analysis of Offshore Structures. Newnes-Butterworths, London.
[16]Buitrago,E., Alvarado, D., 2005. A highly efficient oyster spat collector made with recycled materials.Aquacultural Engineering 33,pp 63-72.
[17]Goda, Y., 1999. A comparative review on the functional forms of directional wave spectrum. Coastal Engineering Journal 41(1), pp 1-20.
[18]Huang, C.C., Tang, H.J., Liu J.Y., 2008. Effect of waves and current on gravity-type cages in the open sea. Aquacultural Engineering 38, pp 105-116.
[19]Huang, C.C., Lee, K.Y. Dynamic analysis of a floating raft system for oyster culture. Proc. 20th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference Vol 1, pp 543-547.
[20]Raman, N.W., Colbourne, B., Gagnon, M., Bergeron, P., 2008. “Numerical model of a mussel longline system: Coupled dynamics ’’, Ocean Engineering 35, pp 1372-1380.
[21]Steven, C., Plew, D., Hartstein, N., Fredriksson, D., 2008. The physics of open-water shellfish aquaculture. Aquaculture Engineering 38,pp 145-160.
[22]Wittenbug, J., 1977. Dynamics of Systems of Rigid Bodies. B. G. Teubner Stuttgart, pp 19-31.