摘 要
在現代前期的不列顛，旅行與科學是兩股促使著這個島嶼國家轉型的力量，驅使著它往工業化邁進，也同時解放著人們自中古時期以來被禁錮的想像力。在本論文中，本人意在研究這兩個主題在本時期四個烏托邦文本中的呈現方式，以找出它們是如何影響該國與其人民。本文探討的四個文本包括湯瑪斯．摩爾《烏托邦》、法蘭西斯．培根《新亞特蘭提斯》、法蘭西斯．哥德溫《月球上的人》、及江納森．史威夫特《格列佛遊記》。本論文之研究方法，以佛德瑞克．詹明信的理論為依據，對以上文本作以馬克思主義為觀點的詮釋，將以上文本視為歷史發展過程中的症候，並試著去發掘出這些文本中詹明信所提出的“政治無意識”。此外，為顯現這些文本中所潛含之烏托邦想望，本人將建構它們產生之歷史情境來與文本分析所得之發現做為相互參照。本論文的研究發現這些文本對旅行與科學此二主題有著不一致的態度。一方面，它們都採用並強調了旅行與科學這兩個主題；而另一方面，它們也害怕並嘲諷它們。這種矛盾或許來自於這些作者對於他們所處的世界的現狀及未來發展無法有清晰的掌握，因為在現代前期，歐洲的生產模式正逐漸由封建制度轉變為資本主義。因此，在這樣一個轉變過渡的時代所建構出來的烏托邦想像，並非如一般所認為的那麼有前瞻性與洞察力；相反地，它們是在當代歷史迷霧中，焦慮與企求安頓所產生的作品。

Abstract
In Early Modern Britain, travel and science were two of the major forces that were transforming the island country, driving it forward toward industrialization and modernization and simultaneously liberating the people’s imagination that had been confined in the Middle Ages. In my dissertation, I aim to study the two themes as they are presented in four utopian texts written by British writers in the era in order to find out how travel and science affected the country and its people. The four texts under scrutiny are Thomas More’s Utopia (1516), Francis Bacon’s New Atlantis (1627), Francis Godwin’s The Man in the Moon (1638), and Jonathan Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels (1726). As to my methodology, I engage in a Marxist reading of the four utopian texts, primarily based on Fredric Jameson’s theory, treating the texts as symptoms of history and trying to reveal the “political unconscious” of the texts. Besides, to bring into relief the utopian desires expressed in the texts, I also construct their respective historical contexts to serve as cross-reference to the findings of textual analyses. My research produces the finding that there are inconsistent attitudes toward travel and science in the texts. On the one hand, the two themes are adopted and underscored in the texts, while on the other hand, they are feared and satirized. The ambivalence probably results from the utopists’ fuzzy conceptualizations and anxieties about the development of their world, which changed from feudalism to capitalism in the mode of production during the period. Therefore, in an age of transition, the utopias constructed turn out to be not so visionary and insightful as they are generally assumed to be; rather they tend to be products of anxieties and nostalgia, caused by the contemporary enigma.

Table of Contents
論文審定書.........................................................i
Acknowledgements … ………………………… ii
摘要 ......................... .................................... iv
Abstract ………………………………………... v
Introduction ……………………………………… 1
Chapter 1 A Route in-between:
The Functions of Travel in Thomas More’s Utopia …………………. 23
Chapter 2 “New Profitable Inventions”:
Scientific Invention as Economic Elixir in New Atlantis ……………. 53
Chapter 3 Rethinking the Moon: The Integration of Orthodox Theology and New Astronomy in The Man in the Moon ……………………… 105
Chapter 4 Against Materialism and Alienation: Jonathan Swift’s Antagonism against Travel and Science in Gulliver’s Travels ………………….... 153
Conclusion Utopia Is Praxis ……………… 205
Works Cited ……………………… ………….... 217

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