本研究針對5083鋁合金低溫超塑性之研發，使用一套簡單之壓延式熱機處理方法來改良材料之微結構，以期在工業界，能以現有之壓延機設備，而能直接生產低溫超塑性材料，而不需另設計一套方法或設備。實驗中，分別嘗試七種可改變之熱機處理變數，以期達製程簡化之目的。經適當之熱機處理後，能產生次晶粒結構，次晶粒尺寸約為0.3 um。本實驗之主軸為TMT3製程，其並且在230 oC及2x10-3 s-1能得到511%之伸長量，以及在250 oC及1x10-3 s-1時，能得到443%之伸長量。隨著壓延量之提高，將使5083鋁合金之低溫超塑性，提升至更高更廣之應變速率範圍。
TMT3試片在拉伸過程中，原本明顯之壓延

The current study developed a simple rolling-type TMT to process the commerical 5083 Al to exhibit low temperature superplacticity at 230 and 250 oC, with optimum tensile elongation to 511% and 443%. The TMT processed thin sheet contained (sub)grains measureing 0.3 um.
The bimodal of grain boundary misorientation distribution of as-TMT3 would be gradually replaced by a more random distribution if the alloy was subjected to increase TMT or tensile deformation strain level.
It would be lost it's superplasticity when the testing temperature was higher than 270 oC. But it would exhibit superplasticity again when the thsting temperature was higher than 400 oC.

目錄…………………………………………………………………………………………….i
表目錄…………………………………………………………………………………………v
圖目錄………………………………………………………………………..………………vii
謝誌………………………………………………………………………………………….xvi
論文提要…………………………………………...……………………..……………...xvii
第一章 研究背景與方向………………………………………………………………..…1
1.1 超塑性之簡介與鋁合金之應用…………………………………………..1
1.1.1 超塑性之簡介………………………………………………….1
1.1.1.1 細晶粒超塑性………………………………………..………2
1.1.1.2 內應力超塑性……………………………………….……….4
1.1.1.3 高應變速率超塑性…………………………………………..4
1.1.1.4 粗晶粒超塑性……………………………………….……….5
1.1.1.5 其它……………………………………………………..……6
1.1.2 低溫超塑性之簡介……………………………………………6
1.1.3 超塑性鋁合金之運用………………………………………..7
1.2 細晶粒超塑性材料之特性………………………………………………..9
1.2.1 第二相…………………………………………………………………..9
1.2.2 晶界的性質………………………………………..…………………..10
1.2.3 織構與晶粒的形狀……………………………………………………10
1.3 Class I 固溶合金之特性……………………………………………….11
1.4 鋁鎂合金之超塑性研究…………………………………………………12
1.4.1 晶粒尺寸………………………………………………………12
1.4.2 鎂濃度…………………………………………………………12
1.4.3 第三元素的添加………………………………………………14
1.4.4 四元合金………………………………………………………18
1.4.5 加工方式………………………………………………………19
1.5 電子背向散射繞射之介紹………………………………………………22
1.5.1 電子背向散射繞射的基本原理與系統裝設組成……………22
1.5.2 EBSD之應用………………………………………………….23
1.6 織構分析…………………………………………………………………25
1.6.1 熱機處理過程中織構之形成與影響織構之因素……………25
1.6.2 織構之表示……………………………………………………26
1.6.3 取向分佈函數之應用…………………………………………27
1.6.4 有關鋁合金之織構之研究……………………………………29
1.7 5083鋁鎂合金超塑性之研究…………………………………………...31
1.7.1 目前有關5083鋁鎂合金超塑性之研究……………………..31
1.7.2 5083鋁鎂合金低溫超塑性開發之目的………………………34
第二章 實驗方法…………………………………………………………………………36
2.1 實驗材料…………………………………………………………………36
2.2 加工製程…………………………………………………………………36
2.3 機械性質測試……………………………………………………………37
2.4 微組織觀察………………………………………………………………38
2.4.1 析出物………………………………………………………38
2.4.2 晶粒結構……………………………………………………38
2.4.3 顯微觀察………………………………………………………39
2.5 微織構觀察………………………………………………………………39
第三章 結果與討論………………………………………………………………………41
3.1 機性試驗測試結果……………………………………………………41
3.1.1 ARA試片與TMT3之比較……………………………………..41
3.1.2 TMT3試片受應變速率、溫度與時間之影響…………………44
3.1.3 熱機處理中不同軋延量之試片比較…………………………45
3.1.4 相同軋延量但不同熱機處理條件試片比較…………………48
3.1.5 綜論熱機處理過程與低溫超塑性之關連……………………50
3.2 拉伸試片的截面機縮減率……………………………………………52
3.3 顯微結構的變化…………………………………………………………52
3.3.1 析出物…………………………………………………………52
3.3.2 超塑拉伸前的微組織變化……………………………………………53
3.3.3 超塑拉伸後的微結構變化……………………………………………56
3.4 織構組織與晶界性質的變化……………………………………………57
3.4.1 熱機處理條件對織構組織與晶界性質的影響………………59
3.4.1.1 冷加工與溫加工所產生的影響……………………………59
3.4.1.2 相同熱機處理中不同軋延量所產生的影響………………60
3.4.1.3 不同熱機處理過程之影響…………………………………61
3.4.2 恆溫靜置退火過程中織構組織及晶粒取向的變化…………62
3.4.3 拉伸過程中織構組織及晶粒取向的變化……………………63
3.4.4 探討合併加工應變量與拉伸應變量對晶界性質之影響……65
第四章 數據分析…………………………………………………………………………66
4.1 彈性係數對溫度效應……………………………………………………………66
4.2 變形機構分析……………………………………………………………………67
4.2.1 200 ~ 250 oC之溫度區間……………………………………………..68
4.2.1.1 表面應變速率敏感值……………………………68
4.2.1.2 表面活化能…………………………………………………68
4.2.1.3 門檻應力值與真實應變速率敏感值………………………70
4.2.1.4 真實活化能…………………………………………………71
4.2.1.5 晶粒尺寸指數………………………………………………72
4.2.1.6 230 ~ 250 oC之溫度區間…………………………………..74
4.2.2 300 ~ 400 oC之溫度區間………………………………….75
4.2.2.1 表面應變速率敏感值………………………………………75
4.2.2.2 表面活化能…………………………………………………76
4.2.2.3 門檻應力值與真實應變速率敏感值………………………76
4.2.2.4 真實活化能…………………………………………………76
4.2.3 450 ~ 550 oC之溫度區間………………………….……….78
4.2.3.1 表面應變速率敏感值………………………………………78
4.2.3.2 表面活化能…………………………………………………79
4.2.3.3 門檻應力值與真實應變速率敏感值………………………79
4.2.3.4 真實活化能…………………………………………………79
4.2.4 探討ARA試片可能之變形機構……………………………..80
第五章 結論………………………………………………………………………………82
第六章 參考資料…………………………………………………………………………91
表………………………………………………………………………………….……..94-124
圖……………………………………………………………………………………….125-261

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