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博碩士論文 etd-0201110-174348 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0201110-174348
論文名稱
Title
無線感測網路中具鄰居感知之閒話式廣播機制
Neighbor-Aware Gossip-Based Broadcasting Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
71
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2010-01-26
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2010-02-01
關鍵字
Keywords
閒話式、無線感測網路、廣播
wireless sensor networks, gossip
統計
Statistics
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The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5661 times, has been downloaded 11 times.
中文摘要
在無線感測網路(Wireless sensor networks, WSNs)中,氾濫法(flooding)是最常被收集點(sink node)或基地台(base station)用來傳遞廣播服務(broadcast service)所含訊息之機制,此法雖能保證讓每個節點(node)能夠收到必要的資訊,但也伴隨多餘封包充斥的副作用,造成網路嚴重的負擔(overhead);尤其在無線感測網路節點密集的環境下更加嚴重。有鑑於此,在本篇論文中,我們提出了一種改良型的閒話式(gossip)廣播機制,使每個節點套用動態的機率值,來決定它們是否要在接受廣播封包後再轉送(forward)出去,達到減少多餘的控制封包(control packet)、使節點的電池能源合理分配的目標。我們利用創新的初始傳送機率表格(initial gossip probability table)為基礎,讓感測器(sensor)能事先得到合理的初始機率值,繼續藉由鄰居組成、數量等狀況來調整出最適合自身的傳送機率。除此之外,針對一些因為感測器分佈不均勻所產生的特殊情況,例如:節點分支度(degree)過低等狀況,我們也發展一套額外的對應演算法來因應這些狀況,讓所提的廣播協定更加地穩定可靠。因此,我們的方法具有適應各種不同拓樸(topology)樣式與處理節點失效(node failure)的能力,並具有低複雜度的優勢。經由模擬實驗指出,在多達20種不同拓樸樣式中,和其他以gossip法為基礎的廣播協定相比,套用所提出方法之廣播協定可以讓整個網路的封包傳遞效率有顯著的提升,有效地改善了泛濫法的缺點。
Abstract
In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), flooding is usually adopted by broadcast services to disseminate broadcast messages. However, flooding produces an excessive number of unnecessary control packets, markedly increasing overhead. This work proposes a new gossip-based scheme, in which nodes forward broadcast messages with dynamic probability to decrease the number of redundant messages and thereby improve energy efficiency. By using the novel probability table and adjustment mechanism based on neighbor conditions, nodes can obtain a suitable gossip probability. Furthermore, this work considers some special cases of uneven sensor deployment such as that contains nodes with a low degree. An efficient algorithm was also developed to maintain the stability of the proposed protocol. Hence, the proposed approach can deal with various topologies and node failure. Simulations demonstrate that applying the proposed scheme to control messages forwarding improves performance compared with that of existing gossip-based broadcasting schemes.
目次 Table of Contents
中文摘要...................................................................................................................... I
英文摘要...................................................................................................................... II
目錄.............................................................................................................................. III
圖目錄.......................................................................................................................... VI
表格目錄....................................................................................................................VIII
字母縮寫對照表.......................................................................................................... IX
第一章 導論 .......................................................................................................... 01
1.1 簡介 .......................................................................................................... 01
1.1.1 無線感測網路的基本組成.............................................................. 01
1.1.2 感測器與構成元件.......................................................................... 04
1.1.3 無線感測網路的應用類型.............................................................. 07
1.2 IEEE 802.15.4技術簡介............................................................................. 08
1.2.1 支援拓樸模式.................................................................................. 09
1.2.2 實體層概述...................................................................................... 12
1.2.3 媒體存取控制層簡介...................................................................... 13
1.2.3.1 超級訊框結構................................................................... 13
1.2.3.2 載波偵測多重存取/碰撞避免 機制................................ 15
1.3 無線感測網路的資料傳輸協定.................................................................. 16
1.4 研究動機...................................................................................................... 17
1.5 論文架構...................................................................................................... 19
第二章 研究背景與文獻探討.................................................................................. 20
2.1 泛濫法所帶來的問題.................................................................................. 20
2.2 解決重複控制封包的方法.......................................................................... 21
2.2.1 利用演算法決定.............................................................................. 21
2.2.2 利用gossip方法決定....................................................................... 21
2.3 使用gossip方法之通訊協定介紹............................................................... 25
2.3.1 靜態gossip方法............................................................................... 25
2.3.2 可調式gossip方法…....................................................................... 26
2.3.2.1 Gossip-Based Ad-Hoc Routing......................................... 27
第三章 系統之架構與運作...................................................................................... 30
3.1 設計方向...................................................................................................... 30
3.2 功能及名詞釋義.......................................................................................... 30
3.3 初始階段及建立上下層鄰居...................................................................... 31
3.3.1 初始階段.......................................................................................... 31
3.3.2 上層鄰居與下層鄰居...................................................................... 32
3.4 製作初始轉送機率值表格.......................................................................... 33
3.5 計算最終傳送機率值.................................................................................. 38
3.5.1 計算鄰居分數.................................................................................. 38
3.5.2 機率值調整公式及機率值區間的考量.......................................... 40
3.6 處理樞紐節點與末端節點.......................................................................... 41
3.7 流程演算法.................................................................................................. 43
第四章 模擬結果及討論.......................................................................................... 44
4.1 模擬環境假設.............................................................................................. 45
4.2 模擬環境參數設定...................................................................................... 45
4.3 模擬工具介紹.............................................................................................. 46
4.4 數據分析與討論.......................................................................................... 48
4.4.1 模擬一:穩定度模擬(1) ................................................................... 48
4.4.2 模擬二:穩定度模擬(2) ................................................................... 49
4.4.3 模擬三:相同環境下平均傳送機率值需求模擬............................ 49
4.4.4 模擬四:節點失效對應模擬............................................................ 51
4.4.5 模擬五:廣播訊息接收次數模擬.................................................... 53
第五章 結論 .......................................................................................................... 54
參考文獻...................................................................................................................... 55
參考文獻 References
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