Responsive image
博碩士論文 etd-0201113-151352 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0201113-151352
論文名稱
Title
澎湖南方海域尋常海綿綱生物多樣性之初探
Preliminary Survey on the Biodiversity of Marine Sponges (Porifera: Demonspongiae) in the Southern Water off Penghu Archipelago
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
164
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2013-01-04
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2013-02-01
關鍵字
Keywords
尋常海綿綱、分類、澎湖南部、形態特徵、骨針特徵
spicule characters, morphological characters, southern Penghu, Demonspongiae, taxonomic
統計
Statistics
本論文已被瀏覽 5711 次,被下載 782
The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5711 times, has been downloaded 782 times.
中文摘要
海綿動物門(又稱多孔動物門)由近乎一萬一千個現存物種所組成,包含四個大類,分別為玻璃海綿(六放海綿綱)、石灰海綿(鈣質海綿綱)、尋常海綿(尋常海綿綱)以及同骨海綿綱。海綿廣泛地分佈於全球海域,在海洋生態系中扮演重要且多樣化的角色。在臺灣,由於分類上的困難,海綿生態的研究卻一直以來被忽視。本研究目的為:(一)描述臺灣澎湖南部海域的尋常海綿形態特徵,(二)建立臺灣澎湖南部海域的海綿分類清單,(三)了解臺灣澎湖南部海域尋常海綿的分佈,(四)與臺灣綠島西南側海綿相的比較。每一個海綿樣本是使用水肺潛水在澎湖群島南部海域採集,採集地點分別為青灣、風櫃、山水、望安島西部以及北部,深度介於1.9-15.2公尺之間。海綿骨骼結構,包含海綿絲和骨針的鑑定是使用光學顯微鏡觀察組織切片,掃描式電子顯微鏡觀察骨針特徵與形態。本篇是臺灣第一次針對特定區域對海綿形態分類描述所做的研究。本研究共紀錄28種尋常海綿,分屬7目,14科,其中11種為臺灣新紀錄種,在綠島西南側的海綿物種名錄並無紀錄。青灣和望安島北部海綿分布較多,多樣性也較高。
Abstract
Phylum Porifera consist of approximately 11,000 extant species of sponges in four distinct groups: the glass sponges (Class Hexactinellida), the calcareous sponges (Class Calcarea), the demosponges (Class Demospongiae), and Class Homoscleromorpha. Marine sponges distribute widely over the oceans; they not only play important roles in the marine ecosystems, but also ecologically function differently. Ecological studies of sponge assemblage have been ignored due to the difficulties in sponge taxonomy in Taiwan. The main objectives of the present study were: (1) to describe the morphological characteristics of Demonspongiae commonly found in southern Penghu archipelagos, Taiwan; (2) to establish the checklist of sponge assemblage in southern Penghu archipelagos, Taiwan; (3) to understand the distribution of sponges in southern Penghu Islands; (4) to compare results with previous study on sponge assemblage in southwest side of Green Island, Taiwan. The collection sites were chosen to five locations including Cingwan, Fongguei, Shanshuei, western Wang-An, and northern Wang-An in southern Penghu Islands. Samples of each sponge in Penghu Islands (Pescadores) were collected by scuba diving at the depth range from 1.9 to 15.2 m. Architectures of the sponge skeleton including sponging fibers and spicule characters were identified using tissue section by compound light microscope (LM) and scanning electronic microscope (SEM). This is the first morphological taxonomic study of sponges in specific region in Taiwan, particularly focus on Class Demonspongiae. A total of 28 sponge species belonging to 7 orders were collected in the present study among which 11 species are new record species in Taiwan, not recorded on the sponge species checklist in southwest side of Green Island, Taiwan. The sponge species distribute higher in Cingwan and northern Wang-An, showing a higher sponge biodiversity.
目次 Table of Contents
Chapter…………………………………………………………………………….Page
Title page…………………………………………………………………………………i
Acknowledgement………………………………………………………………………iii
Abstract (in Chinese)………………………………………………………………….iv
Abstract (in English)………………………………………………………...…………v
Contents……………………………………………………………………………….vii
Figure Legends……………………………………………………………………….viii
Table Legends……………………………………………………………………...…….x
Appendix Legends………………………………………………………………..……..xi
1. Introduction………………………………………………………………………...1
2. Materials and Methods………………………………………………………..……..10
3. Results………………………………………….……………………………………19
4. Discussion………………………………………………….………………………...85
5. Literature Cited…………………………………………………………...………….91
參考文獻 References
Ackers, R. G., D. Moss, B. E. Picton, and M. C. Society. 2007. Sponges of the British Isles ("Sponge V"): A colour guide and working document. Marine Conservation Society.
Alvarez, B., and J. N. Hooper. 2011. Taxonomic revision of the order Halichondrida (Porifera: Demospongiae) of northern Australia. Family Halichondriidae. Beagle: Records of the Museums and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory, The 27: 55-84.
Bautista-Guerrero, E., J. L. Carballo, J. A. Cruz-Barraza, and H. H. Nava. 2006. New coral reef boring sponges (Hadromerida: Clionaidae) from the Mexican Pacific Ocean. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the UK 86: 963-970.
Bell, J. J. 2008. The functional roles of marine sponges. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 79(3): 341-353.
Bergquist, P. R. 1980. A revision of the supraspecific classification of the orders Dictyoceratida, Dendroceratida, and Verongida (class Demospongiae). New Zealand Journal of Zoology 7(4): 443-503.
Bond, C. 1992. Continuous cell movements rearrange anatomical structures in intact sponges. Journal of Experimental Zoology 263(3): 284-302.
Boury-Esnault, N., and K. Rutzler. 1997. Thesaurus of sponge morphology. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 596. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.
Calcinai, B., G. Bavestrello, and C. Cerrano. 2005. Excavating sponge species from the Indo-Pacific Ocean. Zoological Studies 44(1): 5-18.
Calcinai, B., C. Cerrano, M. Sara, and G. Bavestrello. 2000. Boring sponges (Porifera, Demospongiae) from the Indian Ocean. Italian Journal of Zoology 67(2): 203-219.
Central Weather Bureau. 2012. Water Surface Tamerature Statistics Plot for Past Years Available: http://www.cwb.gov.tw. (January 2013).
Chan, H. M. 2009. Self-splicing of Group I Intron of the mitochondrial genome of the sponge, Cinachyrella australiensis. Master thesis. National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C. 146 pp. (in Chinese).
Chang, Y. C., S. W. Tseng, L. L. Liu, Y. L. Chou, Y. S. Ho, M. C. Lu, and J. H. Su. 2012. Cytotoxic sesterterpenoids from a sponge Hippospongia sp. Marine Drugs 10(5): 987-997.
Chao, C. H., K. J. Chou, G. H. Wang, Y. C. Wu, L. H. Wang, J. P. Chen, J. H. Sheu, and P. J. Sung. 2010. Norterpenoids and related peroxides from the Formosan marine sponge Negombata corticata. Journal of Natural Products 73(9): 1538-1543.
Chen, C. Y., Y. C. Shen, Y. J. Chen, J. H. Sheu, and C. Y. Duh. 1999. Bioactive sesquiterpenes from a Taiwanese marine sponge Parahigginsia sp. Journal of Natural Products 62(4): 573-576.
Chen, K. Y. 2011. The population dynamic of a coral-killing black sponge, Terpios hoshinota at Green Island and Orchid Island. Master thesis. National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C. 60 pp. (in Chinese).
Chen, Y. H., C. P. Chen, and K. H. Chang. 1997. Budding cycle and bud morphology of the globe-shaped sponge Cinachyra australiensis. Zoological Studies 36(3): 194-200.
Chen, Y. H., and H. K. Mok. 1993. First record of the Poecilosclerid sponge, Rhaphidophlus schoenus (De Laubenfels, 1936) (Poecilosclerida, Clathridae) from Taiwan. Bulletin of the Institute of Zoology Academia Sinica 32(4): 278-280.
Chou, W. H. 2011. Outbreak mechanisms of black disease: genetic connectivity and dispersal mechanisms of Terpios hoshinota. Master thesis. National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung Taiwan, R.O.C. 87 pp.
Chung, I. F. 2002. The distribution and reproduction of Halichondria okadai. Master thesis. National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C. 65 pp. (in Chinese).
Cook, S. D. C., and P. R. Bergquist. 2001. New species of Spongia (Porifera: Demospongiae: Dictyoceratida) from New Zealand, and a proposed subgeneric structure. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 35(1): 33-58.
Cruz-Barraza, J. A., and J. L. Carballo. 2008. Taxonomy of sponges (Porifera) associated with corals from the Mexican Pacific Ocean. Zoological Studies 47(6): 741-758.
Custodio, M. R., I. Prokic, R. Steffen, C. Koziol, R. Borojevic, F. Brummer, M. Nickel, and W. E. G. Muller. 1998. Primmorphs generated from dissociated cells of the sponge Suberites domuncula: a model system for studies of cell proliferation and cell death. Mechanisms of Ageing and Development 105(1-2): 45-59.
Dai, C. F. 2011. Eco-tourism Map of Coral Reefs in Taiwan, Volume 2. Commonwealth Publishing Co., Ltd., Taipei city, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Dawson, E. W. 1993. The marine fauna of New Zealand : index to the fauna. 2. Porifera. New Zealand Oceanographic Institute, Wellington.
de Goeij, J. M., H. van den Berg, M. M. van Oostveen, E. H. G. Epping, and F. C. van Duyl. 2008. Major bulk dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal by encrusting coral reef cavity sponges. Marine Ecology-Progress Series 357: 139-151.
de Laubenfels, M. 1951. The sponges of the island of Hawaii. University of Hawai'i Press.
de Voogd, N. J., and K. Soong. 2008. Sponge Fauna in Southwest Green Island, Taiwan. Pages 308-308 in K. T. Shao, C. I. Peng, and W. J. Wu, editors. 2008 Taiwan Species Diversity. I. Research and Status. Forestry Bureau, Council of Agriculture Executive Yuan Taipei City, Taiwan, R.O.C.
de Weerdt, W. H. 1985. A systematic revision of the North Eastern Atlantic shallow-water Haplosclerida (Porifera, Demospongiae): 1. Introduction, Oceanapiidae and Petrosiidae. Beaufortia 35(5): 61-91.
Engel, S., and J. R. Pawlik. 2000. Allelopathic activities of sponge extracts. Marine Ecology-Progress Series 207: 273-281.
Erwin, P. M., S. Lopez-Legentil, R. Gonzalez-Pech, and X. Turon. 2012. A specific mix of generalists: bacterial symbionts in Mediterranean Ircinia spp. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 79(3): 619-637.
Fang, S. S. 2011. The growth and propagation of a coral-killing black sponge, Terpios hoshinota in Green Island, Taiwan. Master thesis. National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung Taiwan, R.O.C. 70 pp. (in Chinese).
Fong, S. C., H. K. Mok, H. Y. Chen, K. Soong, and L. L. Liu. 1993. Study on the Marine Bioresources in Southern Penghu Sea Area. Penghu National Scenic Area Administration, Tourism Bureau, Ministry of Transportation and Communications. Penghu, Taiwan, R.O.C. (in Chinese).
Hentschel, U., L. Fieseler, M. Wehrl, C. Gernert, M. Steinert, J. Hacker, and M. Horn. 2003. Microbial diversity of marine sponges. Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology 37: 59-88.
Hooper, J. N. A., and J. A. Kennedy. 2000. Annotated checklist of sponges (Porifera) of the South China Sea Region. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement: 125-207.
Hooper, J. N. A., and R. W. M. van Soest, editors. 2002. Systema Porifera: A guide to the classification of sponges. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, USA.
Hsiao, S. T. 2005. Genomic analyses of the complete mitochondrial DNA sequence of the sponge, Cinachyrella australiensis (Demospongiae: Spirophorida). Master thesis. National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C. 108 pp.
Hsieh, J. H., Y. L. Xian, R. W. Chen, and W. S. Cai. 2008. Preliminary Study on the Marine Biodiversity in Penghu. Penghu Marine Biology Research Center, Taiwan Fisheries Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan. Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C. (in Chinese).
Huang, H. Z. 1996. Study in the factors that influenced the feeding filtration rate of marine sponge Cinachyra australiensis. Master thesis. National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiun, Taiwan, R.O.C. (in Chinese).
Huang, Y. L. 2003. Diversity and antibacterial activity of heterotrophic bacteria associated with sponges. Master thesis. National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C. 80 pp. (in Chinese).
Huang, Y. M., N. J. de Voogd, T. H. Lee, and H. K. Mok. 2012. Biodiversity of Marine Sponges (Porifera: Demonspongiae) in Penghu Islands (Pescadores), Taiwan. 2012 Annual Symposium, Division of Biodiversity and Long Term Ecology, National Science Council, Kenting, Taiwan.
Hung, L. C., C. C. Lin, S. K. Hung, B. C. Wu, M. D. Jan, S. H. Liou, and S. L. Fu. 2007. A synthetic analog of alpha-galactosylceramide induces macrophage activation via the TLR4-signaling pathways. Biochemical Pharmacology 73(12): 1957-1970.
Hung, S. E. 1999. Antitumor constituents from Formosa marine sponge Strongylohpora durissima. Master thesis. National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C. 61 pp. (in Chinese).
Jeng, M. S., C. F. Dai, J. P. Chen, W. L. Wang, and P. J. Meng. 2009. Ecological Recources Survey on Siyu-Ping Islet, Dongyu-Ping Islet, Shiji Islet, Dongji Islet and Sea Area near Southsea Four Isltes in Southern Penghu. Marine National Park Headquarters. Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C. (in Chinese).
Jhou, G. R. 2005. Antitumor constituents from Formosan marine sponge Negombata corticata. Master thesis. National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C. 146 pp. (in Chinese).
Kao, M. D., and Y. L. Huang. 1988. Technique of pathological tissue section - section specimens manufacture and varied dyeing methods. NanSangTang Publishers, Taipei, Taiwan R.O.C.
Lopez-Legentil, S., P. M. Erwin, T. P. Henkel, T. L. Loh, and J. R. Pawlik. 2010. Phenotypic plasticity in the Caribbean sponge Callyspongia vaginalis (Porifera: Haplosclerida). Scientia Marina 74(3): 445-453.
Liang, C. K. 2005. Morphology changes of sponge juvenile of Halichondria okadai. Master thesis. National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C. 47 pp. (in Chinese).
Liao, M. H., S. L. Tang, C. M. Hsu, K. C. Wen, H. Wu, W. M. Chen, J. T. Wang, P. J. Meng, W. H. Twan, C. K. Lu, C. F. Dai, K. Soong, and C. A. Chen. 2007. The "Black Disease" of Reef-Building Corals at Green Island, Taiwan - Outbreak of a Cyanobacteriosponge, Terpios hoshinota (Suberitidae; Hadromerida). Zoological Studies 46(4): 520.
Lin, S. L. 1996. Antitumor constituents from Formosan marine sponge Strongylophora durissima secoriridoid glucosides from Jaminum polyanthum Franch and Jasminum lanceolarium Roxburgh. Master thesis. National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C. 165 pp. (in Chinese).
Lin, W. J. 2009. Distribution and growth of Terpios hoshinota at Green Island and Orchid Island. Master thesis. National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C. 94 pp. (in Chinese).
Liu, H. C. 2000. Antitumor constituents from Formosan marine sponge Dysidea avara. Master thesis. National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C. 81 pp. (in Chinese).
Lo, K. L. 2000. Antitumor constituents from Formosan marine sponge Xestospongia sp. Master thesis. National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C. 50 pp. (in Chinese).
Margalef, R. 1958. Temporal succession and spatial heterogeneity in phytoplankton. Pages 323-347 in A. A. Buzzati-Traverso, editor. Perspectives in Marine biology. University of California Press, Berkeley, State of California, USA.
Muller, W. E. G., M. Wiens, R. Batel, R. Steffen, H. C. Schroder, R. Borojevic, and M. R. Custodio. 1999. Establishment of a primary cell culture from a sponge: primmorphs from Suberites domuncula. Marine Ecology-Progress Series 178: 205-219.
Pawlik, J. R., B. Chanas, R. J. Toonen, and W. Fenical. 1995. Defenses of Caribbean sponges against predatory reef fish. 1. chemical deterrency. Marine Ecology-Progress Series 127(1-3): 183-194.
Pechenik, J. A. 2010. Biology of the invertebrates, 6th, International edition. McGraw-Hill, New York, USA.
Pielou, E. C. 1966. The measurement of diversity in different types of biological collections. Journal of Theoretical Biology 13: 131-144.
Rutzler, K., and K. P. Smith. 1992. Guide to western Atlantic species of Cinachyrella (Porifera: Tetillidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 105(1): 148-164.
Ridley, S. O., and A. Dendy. 1877. Report on the Monaxonida collected by H.M.S. 'Challenger' during the years 1873–1876. Pages i–lxviii, 1–275, pls I–LI, 1 map in Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. 'Challenger', 1873-1876. Zoology, Volume 20. Order of Her Majesty's Government, United Kingdom.
Ridley, S. O., and A. Dendy. 1886. Preliminary Report on the Monaxonida collected by H.M.S. ‘Challenger’. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 5(18): 325-351, 470-493.
Schupp, P., C. Eder, V. Paul, and P. Proksch. 1999. Distribution of secondary metabolites in the sponge Oceanapia sp. and its ecological implications. Marine Biology 135(4): 573-580.
Shannon, C. E., and W. Weaver. 1949. The mathematical theory of communication. University of Illinois Press, Champaign, Illinois, USA.
Shao, K. T., C. I. Peng, and W. J. Wu, editors. 2008. 2008 Taiwan Species Diversity. II. Species Checklist. Forestry Bureau, Council of Agriculture Executive Yuan Taipei City, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Shen, Y. C., C. Y. Chen, and C. Y. Duh. 1999a. New sesquiterpenes from a Taiwanese marine sponge of the genus Parahigginsia. Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society 46(2): 201-204.
Shen, Y. C., C. Y. Chen, and Y. H. Kuo. 2001a. New sesquiterpene hydroquinones from a Taiwanese marine sponge, Hippospongia metachromia. Journal of Natural Products 64(6): 801-803.
Shen, Y. C., and P. W. Hsieh. 1997. New sesquiterpene hydroquinones from a Taiwanese marine sponge Polyfibrospongia australis. Journal of Natural Products 60(2): 93-97.
Shen, Y. C., M. C. Hung, C. V. S. Prakash, and J. J. Wang. 2000. New meroditerpenoids from a Taiwanese marine sponge Strongylophora durissima. Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society 47(3): 567-570.
Shen, Y. C., T. T. Lin, J. H. Sheu, and C. Y. Duh. 1999b. Structures and cytotoxicity relationship of isoaaptamine and aaptamine derivatives. Journal of Natural Products 62(9): 1264-1267.
Shen, Y. C., C. V. S. Prakash, and Y. H. Kuo. 2001b. Three new furan derivatives and a new fatty acid from a Taiwanese marine sponge Plakortis simplex. Journal of Natural Products 64(3): 324-327.
Shieh, W. Y., and Y. M. Lin. 1994. Association of heterotrophic nitrogen-fixing bacteria with a marine sponge of Halichondriah sp. Bulletin of Marine Science 54(2): 557-564.
Soong, K., S. L. Yang, and C. A. Chen. 2009. A novel dispersal mechanism of a coral-threatening sponge, Terpios hoshinota (Suberitidae, Porifera). Zoological Studies 48(5): 596-596.
Su, J. H., S. W. Tseng, M. C. Lu, L. L. Liu, Y. L. Chou, and P. J. Sung. 2011. Cytotoxic C-21 and C-22 terpenoid-derived metabolites from the sponge Ircinia sp. Journal of Natural Products 74(9): 2005-2009.
Sung, P. J., W. C. Chen, Y. P. Chen, J. J. Li, L. S. Fang, and J. H. Sheu. 2006. Occurrence of isoquinoline quinones in the sponge Halichondria sp. (Halichondriidae). Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 34(2): 174-176.
Tai, H. R. 1995. Antitumor constituents from Formosan marine sponge Halicona sp. and Taiwan yew Taxus mairei. Master thesis. National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C. 142 pp. (in Chinese).
Tang, S. L., M. J. Hong, M. H. Liao, W. N. Jane, P. W. Chiang, C. B. Chen, and C. A. Chen. 2011. Bacteria associated with an encrusting sponge (Terpios hoshinota) and the corals partially covered by the sponge. Environmental Microbiology 13(5): 1179-1191.
Taylor, M. W., R. Radax, D. Steger, and M. Wagner. 2007. Sponge-associated microorganisms: Evolution, ecology, and biotechnological potential. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 71(2): 295-347.
Thakur, N. L., and W. E. G. Muller. 2004. Biotechnological potential of marine sponges. Current 86: 257-264.
van Soest, R. W. M. 1980. Marine sponges from Curacao and other Caribbean localities. Part II. Haplosclerida. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands 62(191): 1-173.
van Soest, R. W. M. 1982. A small collection of sponges (Porifera) from Hong Kong. Pages 85-95 in B. S. Morton, and C. K. Tseng, editors. Proceedings of the First International Marine Biological Workshop: The Marine Flora and Fauna of Hong Kong and Southern China. Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong.
van Soest, R. W. M. 1989. The Indonesian sponge fauna: A status report. Netherlands Journal of Sea Research 23(2): 223-230.
van Soest, R. W. M., N. Boury-Esnault, J. N. A. Hooper, K. Rutzler, N. J. de Voogd, B. Alvarez de Glasby, E. Hajdu, A. B. Pisera, R. Manconi, C. Schoenberg, D. Janussen, K. R. Tabachnick, M. Klautau, B. Picton, M. Kelly, J. Vacelet, and M. Dohrmann. 2012a. World Porifera database. Available: http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera. (December 2012).
van Soest, R. W. M., N. Boury-Esnault, J. Vacelet, M. Dohrmann, D. Erpenbeck, N. J. de Voogd, N. Santodomingo, B. Vanhoorne, M. Kelly, and J. N. A. Hooper. 2012b. Global diversity of sponges (Porifera). PLoS ONE 7(4): e35105.
Waddell, B., and J. R. Pawlik. 2000. Defenses of Caribbean sponges against invertebrate predators. 11. Assays with sea stars. Marine Ecology Progress Series 195: 133-144.
Wang, J. T., Y. Y. Chen, P. J. Meng, Y. H. Sune, C. M. Hsu, K. Y. Wei, and C. A. Chen. 2012a. Diverse interactions between corals and the coral-killing sponge, Terpios hoshinota (Suberitidae: Hadromerida). Zoological Studies 51(2): 150-159.
Wang, J. T., E. Hirose, C. M. Hsu, Y. Y. Chen, P. J. Meng, and C. A. Chen. 2012b. A coral-killing sponge, Terpios hoshinota, releases larvae harboring cyanobacterial symbionts: An implication of dispersal. Zoological Studies 51(3): 314-320.
Wei, K. Y. 2011. The impact of a coral-invading Sponge (Terpios hoshinota) on coral ecology: An approach using scanning electron microscope. Master thesis. Tajen University, Pingtung County, Taiwan, R.O.C. 94 pp. (in Chinese).
Westinga, E., and P. C. Hoetjes. 1981. The intrasponge fauna of Spheciospongia vesparia (Porifera, Demospongiae) at Curacao and Bonaire. Marine Biology 62(2): 139-150.
Wulff, J. L. 2006. Rapid diversity and abundance decline in a Caribbean coral reef sponge community. Biological Conservation 127(2): 167-176.
Yang, C. Y. 2011. Transcriptome analysis of Terpios hoshinota. Master thesis. National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C. 103 pp. (in Chinese).
Yu, J. Y. 1981. Study on the Sea Mass in Southern Taiwan Sea Area. Master thesis. National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C. (in Chinese).
Zea, S., T. P. Henkel, and J. R. Pawlik. 2009. The Sponge Guide: a picture guide to Caribbean sponges. Available: www.spongeguide.org. (December 2012).
電子全文 Fulltext
本電子全文僅授權使用者為學術研究之目的,進行個人非營利性質之檢索、閱讀、列印。請遵守中華民國著作權法之相關規定,切勿任意重製、散佈、改作、轉貼、播送,以免觸法。
論文使用權限 Thesis access permission:校內校外完全公開 unrestricted
開放時間 Available:
校內 Campus: 已公開 available
校外 Off-campus: 已公開 available


紙本論文 Printed copies
紙本論文的公開資訊在102學年度以後相對較為完整。如果需要查詢101學年度以前的紙本論文公開資訊,請聯繫圖資處紙本論文服務櫃台。如有不便之處敬請見諒。
開放時間 available 已公開 available

QR Code