本研究藉由分析高屏溪及其河口與海域沉積物及高屏溪河口水樣中多環芳香烴之含量分布，以調查多環芳香烴污染情形、追蹤可能污染來源及其在水中的分配情形。
研究結果發現，高屏溪河口與海域沉積物多環芳香烴濃度範圍介於33.0~910 ng/g dw，污染來源屬於石油/燃燒混合來源，且受高屏溪輸出影響，近岸沉積物濃度變化較大，而分群結果則顯示其污染分布受高屏峽谷的影響，外海測站之多環芳香烴來源主要為生物來源，受高屏溪影響較小。陸域沉積物多環芳香烴濃度範圍介於63.0~720 ng/g dw之間，接近自來水主幹管至雙園橋段有濃度最高值，來源亦屬於石油/燃燒混合來源。港區沉積物中以東港漁港內的測站有最高值28000ng/g dw，高於NOAA所定之ERL值，其來源明顯受到石油來源污染，主要是由於港內繁忙的船舶運輸活動所致。而除了港口沉積物fluorene及 phenanthrene可能對生物造成危害外，大多測站總多環芳香烴濃度皆低於或接近ERL值。懸浮顆粒相多環芳香烴濃度含量介於5.0至82.0 ng/L，溶解相中五環以上化合物大多低於偵測極限，總濃度介於5.5ng/L至46.0ng/L，而現場分配係數高於由Kow推估之預測值約一到兩個order，可能是受到顆粒中高分配係數的煤灰顆粒影響。
由相關性分析結果可知高屏溪及其河口與海域沉積物受到有機碳含量及顆粒中細顆粒含量的影響，而懸浮顆粒相及溶解相多環芳香烴的含量亦分別受到顆粒相有機碳及溶解相有機碳影響，至於鹽度的影響並不顯著。
本研究利用有機碳含量推估高屏河口多環芳香烴污染分布情形，結果顯示表層水高於底層水，無明顯上下游關係，但其分布與鹽度線有類似趨勢，顯示污染並非由上游直接往下輸入，應是採樣區域附近污染源進入後，經海淡水互相擾動而逐漸向四周擴散。若分別以萬大橋及高屏溪河口作為河流輸出端點，初步估計多環芳香烴的通量，通過萬大橋之通量高於下游河口可能是傳輸過程中，污染物沉降到沉積物上或是受到降解作用而減少。

Water, suspended particle and sediment samples from Kao-ping estuary were collected and measured for concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during March 2004 and April 2005. In addition, sediments from neighboring coastal area were also analyzed to estimate distribution, transportation and possible sources of PAHs. Total PAH concentrations varied from 33.0 to 910 ng/g dry weight (dw) in coastal sediments, and diagnostic ratios reflect a mixed sources of petrogenic and pyrolytic inputs. Due to the contribution of Kao-ping River, spatial distribution of PAH concentrations at coastal sediments near river mouth varied dramatically. Results of hierachical cluster analysis showed that PAH concentration distribution was influenced by Kao-ping canyon, and biogenic source might be the major PAH source for offshore sediments. Total PAH concentrations in river sediment varied from 63.0 to 720 ng/g dw. Higher concentration was measured between the Water Main pipe and Shuang-yuan Bridge, and possible sources were from both petrogenic and pyrolytic sources. Sediment of Dung-gang harbour had highest concentration, 28,000ng/g dw, in this study, which was contributed from petrogenic sources due to its intensive boating activities. Except fluorene and phenanthrene in harbour sediments, individual PAH concentrations of other sediments are lower or near the Effect Range Low value, concentrations might lead to possible adverse effects upon organism.
Total PAH concentrations varied from 5.0 to 82.0 ng/L in suspended particulate phase and from 5.5ng/L to 46.0ng/L in dissolved phase, respectively. Most of high molecular weight PAH concentrations (>5-ring PAHs) in dissolved phase were below method detection limits. The partition coefficients（Koc）values of PAHs were 1 to 2 orders higher than predicted values. It might be attributed to soot particles which have extremely high sorption capacities. Correlation coefficients between total PAH concentrations in sediments versus total organic carbon（TOC） and fine particle content（<63μm%）were significant （R=0.575, 0.800, 0.851 and 0.657, P<0.01）. In addition, PAHs in suspended particulate phase and dissolved phase were also significantly correlated to particulate organic carbon（POC） and dissolved organic carbon（DOC）, respectively.
The distribution of calculated PAH concentrations from organic carbon was higher in surface water than bottom water. Unlike salinity, there was no decreasing or increasing trend of these concentrations among river samples. It is possible that contamination was not come from upstream, but from estuary area where plume was lifted and diffused upstream by neat seawater. The flux in Wan-da Bridge was higher than downstream estuary area that might be due to PAH concentrations reduction by sedimentation or degradation.

摘要
目錄．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．Ⅰ
表目錄．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．Ⅳ
圖目錄．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．Ⅵ

第一章 前言．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．1
1-1 研究動機．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．1
1-2 研究目的．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．2
第二章 文獻回顧．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．3
2-1 多環芳香烴之特性．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．3
2-2 多環芳香烴對人體的影響．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．3
2-3 多環芳香烴之產生及來源．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．4
2-4 多環芳香烴的傳輸．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．5
2-5 多環芳香烴的指紋鑑定．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．6
2-6 研究區域現況描述．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．8
2-7 前人研究．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．10
第三章 研究方法．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．11
3-1 材料與儀器．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．11
3-1-1 材料．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．11
3-1-2 儀器設備．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．12
3-1-3 試藥及器材前處理．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．12
3-2 採樣地點及採樣方法．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．13
3-3 樣品前處理．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．14
3-4 實驗方法．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．14
3-4-1 多環芳香烴．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．14
3-4-2 品保與品管．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．16
3-5 有機碳分析．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．17
3-5-1 總有機碳（TOC）及懸浮顆粒上之總有機碳（POC）．．．．17
3-5-2 溶解態有機碳（DOC）．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．18
3-6 粒徑分析．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．18
3-7 階層群集方法．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．18
第四章　結果與討論．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．19
4-1 沉積物多環芳香烴含量分析．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．19
4-1-1 海域沉積物．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．19
4-1-2 陸域沉積物．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．21
4-1-3 港區沉積物．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．21
4-1-4 沉積物多環芳香烴濃度與文獻測值之比較．．．．．．．．．22
4-2 懸浮顆粒相多環芳香烴含量．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．22
4-2-1 影響懸浮顆粒相多環芳香烴濃度分布的因子．．．．．．．23
4-2-2懸浮顆粒相多環芳香烴濃度與文獻測值之比較．．．．．．24
4-3 溶解相多環芳香烴．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．24
4-3-1 影響溶解相多環芳香烴濃度分布的因子．．．．．．．．．．25
4-3-2溶解相多環芳香烴濃度與文獻測值之比較．．．．．．．．．25
4-4 影響多環芳香烴在顆粒相及溶解相上分配之因子．．．．．．．．26
4-5 多環芳香烴之來源判斷．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．28
4-5-1 海域沉積物．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．28
4-5-2 陸域沉積物．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．30
4-5-3 港區沉積物．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．32
4-5-4 懸浮顆粒相多環芳香烴．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．32
4-5-5 溶解相多環芳香烴．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．33
4-6 河口污染情形估計．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．34
4-6-1 以POC濃度推估河口顆粒相多環芳香烴．．．．．．．．．34
4-6-2 以DOC濃度推估河口溶解相多環芳香烴．．．．．．．．．35
4-6-3 河口污染情形估計．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．36
4-7 河川污染物通量初步推估．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．37
第五章 結論與建議．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．39
5-1 結論．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．39
5-2 建議．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．41
參考文獻．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．110
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