河川為陸源物質進入海洋的重要傳輸管道，了解河-海輸運系統中陸源物質的組成結構、傳輸機制，如何受到潮汐、波浪、風、逕流等的影響，一直是近岸河口學研究上的重要課題。本研究透過觀測河川沖淡水(plume)中懸浮沉積物粒徑結構的時空變化，並藉由多變數的分析工具EOF(Empirical Orthogonal Function)分析環境營力與懸浮沉積物間的關聯性，來界定沖淡水中懸浮顆粒的結構和其時空變化特性了解陸源沉積物從源到匯的最初過程，為陸源物質從源到匯的追蹤過程打下基礎。
本研究採用2005~2009年共5個海研三號航次於高屏溪出海口，使用現場雷射粒徑分析儀(LISST-100)配合船上CTD所收集的溫、鹽剖面資料。以及2009年在河口內及河口西側陸棚上佈放四角架，長2天的同步時間序列觀測進行分析。
從不同年度的時間觀測剖面，都可以看出隨鹽度降低時，表層懸浮沉積物濃度明顯增加，顯示退潮時沖淡水帶出了許多懸浮沉積物。從不同粒徑群的濃度變化上可以發現，懸浮沉積物體積濃度變化主要集中在10~250μm 粒徑上。
藉由時間序列的EOF 的分析，將沖淡水中懸浮沉積物5 種不同粒徑群的結構與環境因子(潮汐、河川流量、風場)間的關聯性找出。最主要的模態為退潮影響下逕流所驅動的沖淡水，解釋了50%的關聯性，顯示逕流所主導沖淡水攜帶了 > 3 μm 的陸源沉積物進入海洋。其次為風所主導的擴散作用，解釋了20%左右的關聯性，在這模態中利於形成湧升流的風，帶來峽谷的低溫水與細顆粒沉積物，主要影響< 3 μm 的懸浮沉積物濃度。結果顯示近岸的懸浮沉積物，在>3 μm部分為受到沖淡水的影響陸源物質，在<3 μm 部分則與因沿岸風引起的峽谷湧升有關。
研究結果顯示河川陸源沉積物的輸出，沖淡水的擴散是主要的機制，而沖淡水中所含之粒徑以粗顆粒為主(>10mm)，漲退潮對於粒徑的結構較無影響，但會改變沖淡水層的厚度和濃度，因此沖淡水輸出的陸源懸浮沉積物主要發生在退潮時。

Rivers are conduit that transport terrestrial matters to the ocean. Studying how the composition and transport mechanism of terrestrial matters influenced by tide, wave, wind and discharge is an important issue in the disparate of river-sea systems. The aim of this study is to understand the temporal and spatial variability of the grain size distribution of a river plume, using EOF (Empirical Orthogonal Function) to analyze the correlation between environmental processes and suspended sediments.
We used CTD and LISST-100 to collect upper-colum profile data at Gaoping River mouth in five (R/V Ocean Research III) cruises from 2005 to 2009. We also deployed an instrumented tetrapods and a moored buoy at the inner Gaoping River mouth and the inner continental shelf off Gaoping River mouth for two days, respectively. In all the upper-column data, the volume concentration increased in surface column when the salinity decreased. The variability of volume concentration are dominant in grain sizes between 10-250 μm.
We used EOF to analyz the time series to investigate the correlations among the volume concentration of 5 grain-size groups (<3, 3-10, 10-63, 63-153, and 153-250 μm), salinity, water temperature, and alongshore and across-shore winds. The first eigenmode explains about 50 % of the total correlations. This mode describes the dominant influence of the river runoff that affected all the grain-size classes within the plume. This mode suggests that the grain-sizes between 3-250 μm are of terrestrial origin (low salinity, high water temperature) exported during the ebbing tide.
The second eigenmode accounts for about 20 % of the total correlations. This mode describes the dominant influence of the wind.
When under the upwelling-favorable across-shore wind, the upwelling brings low temperature and clay-sized suspended sediment from the submarine canyon to the surface. The results suggest that the size-classes greater than 3 μm are terrestrial suspended sediment and transported by the river plume, the size-classes finer than 3 μm are mostly from the submarine canyon by the upwelling-favorable winds.

中文摘要 I
Abstract IV
目錄 V
圖目錄 IX
表目錄 XVII
第一章 序論 1
第一節、前言 1
第二節、前人研究 3
第三節、研究目的 10
第二章 研究地區 13
第一節 研究區域位置 13
第三章 現場觀測與分析方法 16
第一節 實驗設計與測站規劃 16
第二節 儀器介紹 20
3-2-1 船測儀器設備 20
3-2-2 四腳架、浮筒上儀器設備 23
第三節 水動力參數計算 25
3-3-1 浮力頻率(Buoyancy frequency) 25
3-3-2 層化穩定參數(Richardson number) 26
第四節 經驗正交函數EOF 26
第四章 時間變化觀測結果 30
第一節 2009年7月實驗 31
4-1-1 水文環境變化 31
4-1-2 懸浮沉積物垂直結構 33
4-1-3 層化-混合參數 37
4-1-4 經驗正交函數(EOF)分析結果 38
第二節 2008年8月實驗 42
4-2-1 水文環境變化 42
4-2-2 懸浮沉積物垂直結構 45
4-2-3 層化-混合參數 50
4-2-4 經驗正交函數(EOF)分析結果 51
第三節 2007年8月實驗 54
4-3-1 水文環境變化 54
4-3-2 懸浮沉積物垂直結構 57
4-3-3 層化-混合參數 59
4-3-4 經驗正交函數(EOF)分析結果 60
第四節 2006年8月實驗 63
4-4-1 水文環境變化 63
4-4-2 懸浮沉積物垂直結構 65
4-4-3 層化-混合參數 69
4-4-4 經驗正交函數(EOF)分析結果 70
第五節 2005年5月實驗 73
4-5-1 水文環境變化 73
4-5-2 懸浮沉積物垂直結構 75
4-5-3 層化-混合參數 78
4-5-4 經驗正交函數(EOF)分析結果 79
第六節垂直剖面EOF結果 82
4-6-1 2006年垂直剖面EOF結果 83
4-6-2 2008年垂直剖面EOF結果 95
第五章 空間變化觀測結果 106
第一節 三測站水文環境空間變化 106
第二節 大四角架與浮球組 110
5-2-1 溫度鹽度變化 110
5-2-2 懸浮沉積物濃度變化 112
5-2-3 流速變化 113
5-2-4 層化-混合參數 115
5-2-5 經驗正交函數(EOF)分析結果 115
第六章 討論 124
第一節 流量與測站位置 124
第二節 EOF分析結果 125
6-2-1 時間序列分析結果 125
6-2-2 垂直剖面分析結果 127
第三節 沖淡水層厚變化 131
第四節 水團的區分 133
第七章 結論 135
參考文獻 137

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