不換水養殖系統因為不會任意的將富含營養鹽的養殖池水排出至環境中而造成環境的污染，且氮源可在池子中循環讓蝦子再利用，也可以降低換水所需的成本，減少抽取地下水，避免地層下陷的發生，故為一種可開發的養殖方式。但池水中的氨氮和亞硝酸濃度則因餵食高蛋白含量的飼料，會隨養殖時間的增加而累積增加，一般傳統養殖的解決方式就是換水，而不換水養殖系統則需利用硝化細菌來將毒性較高的氨氮及亞硝酸轉變為毒性較低的硝酸。

本報告在2噸FRP桶中以不換水的方式進行白蝦養殖試驗，並以供給充分的打氣使顆粒性有機物懸浮於水體中。試驗共分四個部分(1)內置物試驗：放置網套、網袋、掛網、珊瑚砂和無放置對照組。(2)密度試驗：100、200、300和400尾/m2。(3)飼料試驗：白蝦(protein 39%)、草蝦(protein 39%)和斑節蝦飼料(protein 54%)。(4)不換水及少量換水(35%池水/週)試驗。

試驗結果發現，內置物試驗中以網袋組有最大的白蝦產量、均重及最佳的飼料轉換率，但網套可以隔離最多的懸浮顆粒。白蝦平均體重隨密度的增加而降低，超過200尾/m2飼養密度後生長緩慢，以100尾/m2密度來飼養，雖可得到最大的白蝦平均體重，但以產量看來200尾/m2為最佳的飼養密度。飼料中含有較高的蛋白質，可提高蝦子對飼料的使用率，但高蛋白含量飼料的成本較高，如僅以蛋白質含量39%的草蝦飼料來餵養，一樣可以達到高產量。以不換水和少量換水兩試驗來做比較後發現，不換水試驗的水質條件，到試驗結束後，僅磷酸的濃度明顯較高，其他氨氮、亞硝酸及硝酸皆無明顯差異，故不換水養殖在水質方面亦可達到換水養殖的水準，最後存活率、平均體重及FCR和換水組無異，且得到比換水養殖更高的產量。

本研究最後歸納得知不換水系統中以密度200尾/m2來養殖白蝦，利用內置網袋及投餵蛋白質含量39%的草蝦飼料，為最佳的不換水養殖組合。

Zero-exchange system doesn’t discharge the nutrient-rich pool water to the environment, so it doesn’t cause the pollution. Besides, nutrients in the water can be re-used and the amount of water used can be reduced. In shrimp pond, ammonia and nitrite will accumulate during the period of cultivation because of feeding large amount of protein-rich feed. In traditional culture system, a great deal of water was used to solve the problem. In zero-exchange system, nitro-bacteria were used to convert ammonia and nitrite into nitrate, the need of water exchange was much-reduced.

In this study, shrimps (Litopenaeus vannamei) were cultured in FRP tanks, and organic particles were suspended by strong aeration. There are four experiments (1) substrate: net-liners, net-pockets, mats, coral granules and blank control. (2) density: 100, 200, 300 and 400 /m2. (3) feeds: White shrimp feed (contain 39% protein), tiger shrimp feed (contain 39% protein) and Kuruma prawn feed (contain protein 54%). (4) zero-exchange water and change water (35% ponds of water / week).

Net-pockets have the highest yield and final weigh and lowest FCR, and the net-liners isolate highest amount of the suspending particle. Shrimp final weight reduces as the stocking density increases, white shrimp grows slower when density excess 200 /m2. Feed contains higher protein can improve the efficiency of feed used by shrimp, but the cost of the feed become higher. Use the tiger shrimp feed (containing 39% protein) only can also reach high yield. Except orthophosphate, ammonia, nitrite and nitrate are not different from the exchange system. When compared with those of the zero-exchange system survival, final weigh and FCR are not different between two the treatments, but yield is higher in zero-exchange system.

In conclusion, shrimp cultured in zero-exchange system with density of 200 /m2, substrate of net-pockets and feeds the contain 39% protein can reveal optimum yield.

中文摘要------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------I
英文摘要----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------III
總目錄--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------V
圖目錄-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------VI
表目錄------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------VII
壹、前言-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
貳、材料方法-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6
2.1 不同內置物對白蝦不換水養殖的影響-------------------------------------------------6
2.2不同飼養密度對白蝦不換水養殖的影響-----------------------------------------------7
2.3不同飼料蛋白質含量對白蝦不換水養殖的影響--------------------------------------8
2.4比較換水和不換水對白蝦養成的影響--------------------------------------------------8
2.5水質檢測方法--------------------------------------------------------------------------------9
2.6飼料檢測方法------------------------------------------------------------------------------13
參、結果
3.1不同內置物對白蝦不換水養殖的影響之結果---------------------------------------16
3.2不同飼養密度對白蝦不換水養殖的影響之結果------------------------------------18
3.3不同飼料蛋白質含量對白蝦不換水養殖的影響之結果---------------------------20
3.4比較換水和不換水對白蝦養成的影響之結果---------------------------------------22
肆、討論------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------24
4.1不同內置物對白蝦不換水養殖的影響之討論---------------------------------------24
4.2不同飼養密度對白蝦不換水養殖的影響之討論------------------------------------26
4.3不同飼料蛋白質含量對白蝦不換水養殖的影響之討論---------------------------27
4.4比較換水和不換水對白蝦養成的影響之討論---------------------------------------28
伍、參考文獻------------------------------------------------------------------------------------54
陸、附錄------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------63

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