本研究的目的是探討在超音波聲場照射下，對釀酒酵母（Saccharomyces cerevisiae）生命週期中的對數期所產生的變化機制，以呈現出超音波生物效應的多樣性。
本研究首先，利用分析計算所求得之酵母菌共振頻率，搭配不同照射強度產生之超音波聲場，探討各種超音波參數與細胞之間的影響。而在頻率選擇方面，利用數值分析方法－有限元素法及Rayleigh-Plesset空孔理論，各別模擬酵母菌之外型及內部結構，求得細胞之共振頻率。利用上述兩方法所求得之共振頻率並搭配一非共振頻率，分別建立擴散聲場來照射酵母菌試體。另外在細胞觀察的部份，則是利用分光光度計來測量菌液之吸光率，吸光值越高，代表照射菌液內濃度越高，因此細胞數目也越多。
在經由超音波照射後，觀察到當照射頻率為0.306及11.6625 MHz時，若以高強度照射，對細胞生長造成的抑制時間為1小時；若以低強度照射時，則造成抑制的時間縮短為0.5小時。而以2.4079 MHz照射時，高強度與低強度照射所造成的效果相同，為一有效的共振頻率；若以10 MHz低強度照射，所造成抑制效果的時間為照射後0.5小時內；而當照射頻率為16.124 MHz時，無論在低強度與高強度照射下，所造成的抑制效果皆不明顯。

The purpose of this study is to explore the biological effects of ultrasound exposure on growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The result shows the biological effects of ultrasound exposure. The resonance frequencies and a non-resonance frequency were used with different intensities to find the relations between ultrasonic and cell growth. The methods of this study adopted finite element method and Rayleigh-Plesset theory to calculate the resonance frequencies. And then, the study set a diffuse field to exposure the yeast cells. In the experiment, cell growths were analyzed by a 600 nm ultraviolet spectrophotometer measuring the cell mass concentration.
The results show that the restrained time under high intensity ultrasonic exposure was longer than low intensity in 0.306 and 11.6625 MHz. However, the restrained effects were the same between high and low irradiation intensity in 2.4079 MHz. By 10 MHz low irradiation intensity, the restrained time was 0.5 hr after sonication. The restrain effects were not obvious under low and high irradiation intensity in 16.124 MHz.

目錄……………………………………………………………………….i
表目錄…………………………………………………………………....v
圖目錄………………………………………………………….………..vi
中文摘要……………………………………….……………………….xii
英文摘要……………………………………………………………….xiii
第一章 緒論…………………………………………… ………………1
1.1 前言......……………………………………………………………...1
1.2 文獻回顧...…………………………………..………………………4
1.3 研究目的…………….…………………..…………………………..9
1.4 酵母菌介紹……………………..……………………………….....10
1.4.1 生物之分類……..……………..……..……………………....10
1.4.2 生物五界分類系統…..…..………………………..………....10
1.4.3 酵母菌..…………………………………..……………..……11
第二章 基本理論………………………………………………………24
2.1 超音波簡介……………………..………………………………….24
2.1.1 波動基本原理………………………..………………………24
2.2 超音波的生物效應……..………………………………………….26
2.2.1 機械效應………..……………………………………………26
2.2.1 空孔效應………..……………………………………………27
2.2.3 熱效應…………..……………………………………………28
2.3 空孔共振理論 ………..…………………..……………………….29
2.3.1 氣泡收縮時溫度及壓力的改變……..………………………29
2.3.2 空孔氣泡運動方程式………………..………………………30
2.4 有限元素振模分析…………………………..…………………….32
2.4.1 有限元素法的基本概念………………..……………………32
2.4.2 有限元素軟體ANSYS簡介……………..…………………..33
2.4.3 有限元素分析參數之設定………………..…………………35
2.5 光譜學原理介紹………………………………..………………….38
2.5.1 電磁波光譜…………………………………..…………………..38
2.5.2 比耳定律……………………………………..…………………..39
2.5.3 分光光度計儀器構造………………………..…………………..41 第三章 實驗方法及步驟…………………………..…………………..58
3.1 實驗目的………………………………………...…………………58
3.2 實驗方法………………………………………..………………….59
3.2.1 超音波換能器……………………………..…………………59
3.2.2 照射聲場及照射容器的設計……………..…………………59
3.2.3 實驗儀器…………………………………..…………………63
3.2.4 培養液配置………………………………..…………………67
3.2.5 細胞培養…………………………………..…………………68
3.2.6 共振頻率計算……………………………..…………………69
3.2.7 分析方法…………………………………..………………....70
3.3 實驗流程………………………………………..………………….71
第四章 實驗結果與討論…………………………..…………………..86
4.1 超音波照射系統的評估………………………..………………….86
4.1.1 照射試片內聲場強度的評估……………..…………………86
4.1.2 照射系統的強度設定……………………..…………………87
4.2 實驗參數設定…………………………………..………………….89
4.2.1 超音波照射系統設定……………………..…………………89
4.3 實驗結果統計紀錄……………………………..………………….91
4.3.1 表格資料…………………………………..…………………91
4.3.2 圖形資料………………………………......………………....92
4.4 結果與討論……………………………………..……………….....98
4.4.1 頻率對細胞生長率的影響………………..…………………99
4.4.2 照射強度對細胞生長率的影響…………..………………..100
第五章 結論與建議…………………………………………..………129
5.1 結論……………………………………………………………….129
5.2 建議……………………………………………………………….131
5.3 為來展望………………………………………………………….133
參考文獻………………………………………………………………134
附錄A…...……………..………………………………………………138
附錄B………………………………………………………………….148

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