國際信任是關於人民對於自己國家可以多相信其他國家的一種認知，它作為一個研究目標是為了解釋人民對國際環境認知的根本。理論預期，當人民的國際信任度越高，其對於國際環境的本質認知就會越樂觀、偏好合作，反之則是悲觀並認為國家間的交往是一種零和競爭。在影響國際信任的變數中，政治信任是相當具有影響力的變數之一，因此，筆者欲以電訪的方式發掘台灣人民的國際信任與政治信任，預期政治信任度高的人會有較高的國際信任，而政治信任度較低的人國際信任度也會相對低。此外，筆者也會以國際信任作為判斷人民對政府經濟援助他國支持度的標準，試圖回應修正主義者的看法，證實人民會形成自己的資訊捷徑，面對國際事務也會有自己的看法，不會總是受到政黨精英的意見左右。

International trust is a perception about how people can trust other nations, it can also be an explanation for people’s perception about the nature of international environment. The study shows that when people have higher levels of international trust, they are more optimistic about the nature of international environment；on the contrary, people are more pessimistic about the nature of international environment. There are many variables that can influence international trust, and political trust is one of the most influential. Therefore, I try to analyze international trust and political trust in Taiwan through telephone interviews and intend to testify my hypotheses. Furthermore, I will make international trust a standard for people’s attitude towards foreign aids in order to respond to revisionists’ point of view. Thus, we can prove that people surely can form their own information shortcut and express their own feelings without the suggestion of political elites.

目次
第一章 　導論
　 前言 …………………………………………………………………………1
第一節 　研究動機……………………………………………………………2
第二節 　研究問題與研究目的 ……………………………………………14
第三節 研究範圍 …………………………………………………………15
第四節 　章節安排 …………………………………………………………17
第二章 　國際信任研究的概念與應用
第一節 　文獻回顧 …………………………………………………………18
第二節 　國際信任的概念探討 ……………………………………………25
第三節 國際信任與台灣人民對外經濟援助支持度之連結 …………….32

第三章 　研究設計
第一節 　研究架構 …………………………………………………………35
第二節 　台灣的國際信任測量與變數的選擇 ……………………………37
第三節 　資料來源與變數建構 ……………………………………………46
第四章 　研究發現
第一節 　台灣人民政治信任的描述 ………………………………………49
第二節 　台灣人民的政治信任與國際信任之羅吉斯回歸 ………………53
第三節 國際信任對台灣人民對外經濟援助支持度之影響 ……………61
小結……………………………………………………………………………67
第五章 　結論與討論
第一節 國際信任研究的差異與討論 ……………………………………70
第二節 文獻的對話 ………………………………………………………72
第三節 研究展望 …………………………………………………………75
附錄—電訪數據資料 …………………………………………………………77
參考書目 …………………………………………………………………………83

圖表目錄
圖次
圖一 研究架構圖……………………………………………………………………36


表次
表一 國際信任題目異同對照表 …………………………………………………40
表二、2001年與2009年人民政治信任對照表 ……………………………………51
表三、影響人民國際信任的羅吉斯回歸模型 ……………………………………54
表四、影響民眾支持政府經濟援助他國程度之順序邏輯回歸（Ordinal Logistic Regression）模型分析………………………………………………………63

一、英文部分
（一）英文期刊
Alberto, Chong, and Mark, Gradstein. 2008. ” What determines foreign aid? The donors' perspective.” Journal of Development Economics 87:1-13.
Aldrich, J. H., Sullivan, J. L., and Borgida, E. 1989. “Foreign Affairs and Issue Voting: Do Presidential Candidates Waltz Before a Blind Audience?” American Political Science Review, 83(1):123-141.
Benson, Brett V. and Niou, Emerson M. S. 2005.“Public Opinion, Foreign Policy, and the Security Balance in the Taiwan Strait.” Security Studies 14(2):274-289.
Bjereld, Ulf, and Ekengren, Ann-Marie.1999.“Foreign Policy Dimensions: A Comparison Between the United States and Sweden.” International Studies Quarterly 43:503-518.
Brehm, John, and Wendy Rahn. 1997. "Individual-Level Evidence for the Causes and Consequences of Social Capital." American Journal of Political Science 41(3):999-1023.
Brewer, Paul R., and Gross, Kimberly. 2004. “International Trust and Public Opinion about World Affairs.” American Journal of Political Science, 48(1):93-109.
Brewer, Paul R., and Marco R. Steenbergen. 2002. "All Against All: How Beliefs about Human Nature Shape Foreign Policy Opinions." Political Psychology 23(1):39-58.
Cantril, H. 1948. “Trends of Opinion During World War II: Some Guides to interpretation.” Public Opinion Quarterly 12:30-44.
Caspary, W. R. 1970. ‘The “Mood Theory”: A Study of Public Opinion and Foreign Policy.’ American Political Science Review 64:536–547.
Chanley, Virginia. 1999. "U.S. Public Views of General and Militant Internationalism." Journal of Conflict Resolution 43(1):24-44.
Citrin, Jack. 1974. "Comment: The Political Relevance of Trust in Government." American Political Science Review 68(3):973-88.
Citrin, Jack, and Donald Philip Green. 1986. "Presidential Leadership and the Resurgence of Trust in Government." British Journal of Political Science 16(4):431-53.
Conover, P. J. and Feldman, S. 1984. “How People Organize the Political World: A Schematic Model.” American Journal of Political Science, 28(1):95-126.
Eckhardt, William, and Norman Z. Alcock. 1970. “Ideology and Personality in War/Peace Attitudes.” Journal of Social Psychology 81:105-16.
Eichenberg, Richard. 2003. “Gender Differences in Public Attitudes Toward the Use of Force by the United States, 1990-2003.” International Security 28:110-41.
Etheredge, Lloyd S. 1978. “Personality Effects on American Foreign Policy, 1898-1968: A Test of Interpersonal Generalization Theory.” American Political Science Review 72:434-51.
Fite, David, Marc Genest, and Clyde Wilcox. 1990. “Gender Differences in Foreign Policy Attitudes: A Longitudinal Analysis.” American Politics Quarterly 18:492-513.
Foyle, Douglas C. 1997. “Public Opinion and Foreign Policy: Elite Beliefs as a Mediating Variable.” International Studies Quarterly 41:141-169.
Graham, Thomas W. 1988. “The Pattern and Importance of Public Knowledge in the Nuclear Age.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 32:319-34.
Gamson, W., and Modigliani, A. 1966. “Knowledge and Foreign Policy Opinions: Some Models for Consideration.” Public Opinion Quarterly 30(2), 187–199.
Hartley, Thomas and Bruce Russett. 1992. “Public Opinion and the Common Defense: Who Governs Military Spending in the United States.” American Political Science Review 86:905-15.
Hetherington, Marc J. 1998. "The Political Relevance of Political Trust." American Political Science Review 92(4):791-808.
Hetherington, Marc J., and Suzanne Globetti. 2002. "Political Trust and Racial Policy Preferences." American Journal of Political Science 46(2):253-75.
Holsti,Ole R. 1992.”Public opinion and foreign policy: Challenges to the Almond-Lippmann consensus.” International Studies Quarterly 36:439-66.
Hurwitz, J., and Peffley, M. 1987. “The Means and Ends of Foreign Policy as Determinants of Presidential Support.” American Journal of Political Science 31(2):236-258.
Hurwitz, J., Peffley, M., and Raymond, P. 1989. “Presidential Support During the Iran-Contra Affair: An Individual Level Analysis of Presidential Reappraisal.” American Politics Quarterly 17(4):359-385.
Jacobs, Lawrence R. and Robert Y. Shapiro. 1997. “The Myth of the Pandering Politician.” The Public Perspective 8 (April/May):3-5.
Jencks, Christopher. 1985. “Methodological Problems in Studying ‘Military Keynesianism.’” American Journal of Sociology 91: 373-79.
Jentleson, Bruce W. 1992. “The Pretty Prudent Public: Post Post-Vietnam American Opinion on the Use of Military Force.” International Studies Quarterly 36(1) :49-74.
Jentleson, Bruce W. and Britton, R. C. 1998. “Still Pretty Prudent: Post Cold War American Public Opinion on the Use of Military Force.” Journal of Conflict Resolution, 42(4), 395-417.
Jordan, D. L.and Page, B. I. 1992. “Shaping Foreign Policy Opinions.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 36(2):227-241.
Jost, John T., Jack Glaser, Arie W. Kruglanski, and Frank J. Sulloway. 2003. “Political Conservatism as Motivated Social Cognition.” Psychological Bulletin 129:339-75.
King, James E., and Aurelio Jose Figueredo. 1997. “The Five-Factor Model Plus Dominance in Chimpanzee Personality.” Journal of Research in Personality 31:257-71.
Knopf, Jeffrey W.1998.‘How Rational is “the Rational Public”？Evidence From U.S. Public Opinion on Military Spending.’The Journal of Conflict Resolution 42(5):544－571
Krosnick, J. A., and Kinder, D. R. 1990. “Altering the Foundations of Support for the President through Priming.” American Political Science Review 84(2):497-512.
Kuklinski, James H., and Norman L. Hurley. 1994. "On Hearing and Interpreting Political Messages: A Cautionary Tale of Citizen Cue-Taking." Journal of Politics 56(3):729-51.
Little, Brian R., Len Lecci, and Barbara Watkinson. 1992. “Personality and Personal Projects: Linking Big Five and PAC Units of Analysis.” Journal of Personality 60:501-25.
Loehlin, John C., Robert R. McCrae, Paul T. Costa, and Oliver P. John. 1998. “Heritabilities of Common and Measure-Specific Components of the Big Five personality factors.” Journal of Research in Personality 32:431-53.
Luk, Chung Leung, and M. H. Bond. 1993. “Personality Variation and Values Endorsement in Chinese University Students.” Personality and Individual Differences 14:429-37.
Markus, Gregory B. 1979. "The Political Environment and the Dynamics of Public Attitudes: A Panel Study." American Journal of Political Science 23(2):338-59.
McCartney, Kathleen, Monica J. Harris, and Frank Bernieri. 1990. “Growing Up and Growing Apart: A Developmental Meta-Analysis of Twin Studies.” Psychological Bulletin 107:226-37.
Meernik, James, and Ault, Michael. 2001. “Public Opinion and Support for U.S. Presidents’ Foreign Policies.” American Politics Research 29(4) :352-373
Miller, Arthur H. 1974. "Political Issues and Trust in Government: 1964-1970." American Political Science Review 68(3):951-72.
Monroe, Alan D. 1998. “Public Opinion and Public Policy 1980-1993.” Public Opinion Quarterly 62:6-28.
Mutz, D. C. 1992. “Mass Media and Depoliticization of Personal Experience.” American Journal of Political Science 36(2):483-508.
Nincic, M., and Hinckley, B. 1991. “Foreign Policy and the Evaluation of Presidential Candidates.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 35(2):333-355.
Nincic, Miroslav. 1992. “A Sensible Public: New Perspectives on Popular Opinion and Foreign Policy.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 36:772-89.
Nincic, Miroslav and Donna J. Nincic. 2002. “Race, Gender, and War.” Journal of Peace Research 39:547-68.
Oneal, J. R., Lian, B., and Joyner, J. H., Jr. 1996. “Are the American People “Pretty Prudent”? Public Responses to U.S. Uses of Force, 1950-1988.” International Studies Quarterly 40(2):261-280.
Page, Benjamin I., and Jason Barabas. 2000. "Foreign Policy Gaps Between Citizens and Leaders." International Studies Quarterly 44(3):339-64.
Page, Benjamin I., and Robert Y. Shapiro. 1983. “Effects of Public Opinion on Policy.” American Political Science Review 77:175-90.
Peffley, M., and Hurwitz, J. 1992. “International Events and Foreign Policy Beliefs: Public Response to Changing Soviet-U.S. Relations.” American Journal of Political Science 36(2):431-461.
Powlick, Philip J., and Andrew Z. Katz. 1998. “Defining the American Public Opinion/Foreign Policy Nexus.” Mershon International Studies Review 42: 29-61.
Ray, John J. 1972. “Militarism, Authoritarianism, Neuroticism, and Antisocial Behavior.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 16:319-40.
Rahn, Wendy, and John Transue. 1998. "Social Trust and Value Change: The Decline of Social Capital in American Youth, 1976-1995." Political Psychology 19(3):545-65.
Riemann, Rainer, Alois Angleitner, and Jan Strelau. 1997. “Genetic and Environmental Influences on Personality: A study of Twins Reared Together Using the Self and Peer Report NEO-FFI Scales.” Journal of Personality 65:449-75.
Sapiro, Virginia, and Pamela Johnston Conover. 1993. “Gender, Feminist Consciousness, and War.” American Journal of Political Science 37:1079-99.
Schoen, Harald, 2007. “Personality Traits and Foreign Policy Attitudes in German Public Opinion.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 51(3):408–430.
Scholz, John T., and Mark Lubell. 1998. "Trust and Taxpaying: Testing the Heuristic Approach to Collective Action." American Journal of Political Science 42(2):398-417.
Shamir, Michal, and Arian, Asher. 1994. “Competing Values and Policy Choices: Israeli Public Opinion on Foreign and Security Affairs.” British Journal of Political Science 24(2):249-271
Shapiro, Robert Y., and Benjamin I. Page. 1988. “Foreign Policy and the Rational Public.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 32:211-47.
Sigelman, L., and Johnston Conover, P. 1981. “Knowledge and Opinions About the Iranian Crisis: A Reconsideration of Three Models.” Public Opinion Quarterly 45 (4):477–491.
Tessler, M., and I. Warriner. 1997. “Gender, Feminism, and Attitudes Toward International Conflict. Exploring Relationships with Data from the Middle East.” World Politics 49:250–281.
Tetlock, Philip E. 1999. "Theory-Driven Reasoning about Plausible Pasts and Probable Futures in World Politics: Are We Prisoners of Our Preconceptions?" American Journal of Political Science 43(2):335-66.
Togeby, L. 1994. “The Gender Gap in Foreign Policy Attitudes.” Journal of Peace Research 31:375-392.
Wlezien, Christopher. 1995. “The Public as Thermostat: Dynamics of Preferences for Spending.” American Journal of Political Science 39: 981-1000.
Wlezien, Christopher. 1996. “Dynamics of Representation: The Case of U.S. Spending on Defence.” British Journal of Political Science 26: 81-103.
Zaller, John. 1991. “Information, Values, and Opinion.” American Political Science Review 85(4):1215-1237.

（二）英文書籍
Almond, Gabriel A. 1950. The American people and foreign policy. New York: Praeger.
Alvarez, R. Michael, and John Brehm. 2002. Hard Choices, Easy Answers: Values, Information, and American Public Opinion. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Baxter, S. and M. Lansing.1983. Women and Politics: The Invisible Majority. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
Clawson, Dan, Alan Neustadtl and Mark Weller. 1998. Dollars and Votes: How Business Campaign Contributions Subvert Democracy. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Converse, P.E. 1964. “The Nature of Belief Systems in Mass Publics.” In Ideology and Discontent, ed. Apter, E. New York: Free Press, 206-261.
Converse, P.E. 1970. Attitudes and Non-attitudes: Continuation of a Dialogue. In The Quantitative Analysis of Social Problems, ed. Tufte, E. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 168-189.
Dahl, Robert. 1961. Who Governs? Democracy and Power in an American City. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT and London.
Dicey, Albert W. 1952. Law and public opinion in England. London: Macmillan.
Downs, Anthony. 1957. An Economic Theory of Democracy. Addison-Wesley.
Fishkin, James S. 1996. Voice of the People: Public Opinion and Democracy. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Foyle, Douglas C. 1999. Counting the Public In: Presidents, Public Opinion, and Foreign Policy.New York: Oxford University Press.
Free, L. A., and Cantril, H. 1967. The Political Beliefs of Americans. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.
Geer, John G. 1996. From Tea Leaves to Opinion Polls: A Theory of Democratic Leadership. New York: Columbia University Press.
Ginsberg, Benjamin. 1986. The Captive Public: How Mass Opinion Promotes State Power. New York: Basic Books.
Goldmann, K. 1986. “Democracy Is Incompatible with International Politics. Reconsideration of a Hypothesis.” In Democracy and Foreign Policy:The Case of Sweden, ed. K. Goldmann, S. Berglund, and G. Sjostedt. Aldershot, England: Gower.
Herrmann, Richard K. 2003. “Image Theory and Strategic Interaction in International Relations.” In Oxford handbook of political psychology, edited by D. O. Sears, L. Huddy, and Robert Jervis. New York: Oxford University Press.
Holsti, Ole R. 1996【2004】. Public Opinion and American Foreign Policy. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
Jacobs, Lawrence R., and Robert Y. Shapiro. 2000. Politicians Don’t Pander: Political Manipulation and the Loss of Democratic Responsiveness. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Jentleson, Bruce W. 1997. “Who, Why, What, and How: Debates Over Post-Cold War Military Intervention.” In R. J. Lieber (Ed.), Eagle adrift: American foreign policy at the end of the century (pp. 39-70). New York: Longman.
Jervis, Robert. 1976. Perception and Misperception in International Politics. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Kennan, George F. 1951. American diplomacy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Kennan, George F. 1954. Realities of American Foreign Policy. Geoffrey Cumberlege, London.
Kull, Steven, and I.M. Destler. 1999. Misreading the Public: The Myth of a New Isolationism. Washington D.C.: Brookings Institute.
Levy, Jack S. 2003. “Political Psychology and Foreign Policy.” In Oxford handbook of political psychology, edited by D. O. Sears, L. Huddy, and R. Jervis, 253-84. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Lippmann, W.1965【1922】. Public Opinion. New York : The Free Press.
Loehlin, John C. 1992. Genes and environment in personality development. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Mackenzie, G. Calvin, and Judith M. Labiner. 2002. Opportunity Lost: The Rise and Fall of Trust and Confidence in Government After September 11. Washington: Brookings Institution.
McCrae, Robert R., and Paul T. Costa Jr. 2003. Personality in adulthood: A five-factor theory perspective. New York: Guilford.
Miller,Warren E. 1967.“Voting and Foreign Policy.” In Domestic Sources of Foreign Policy, ed. James N. Rosenau. New York: Free Press. 213–30.
Morgenthau, H.J., 1956. Politics Among Nations. The Struggle for Power and Peace. New York: Alfred Knopf.
Page, Benjamin I., and Robert Y. Shapiro. 1992. The Rational Public: Fifty Years of Trends in Americans' Policy Preferences. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Popkin, Samuel L., and Michael A. Dimock. 2000. "Knowledge, Trust, and International Reasoning." In Elements of Reason: Cognition, Choice, and the Bounds of Rationality, ed. Arthur Lupia, Matthew D. McCubbins, and Samuel L. Popkin. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press, 214-38.
Putnam, Robert D. 2000. Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Ripsman, N.M. 1994. The conduct of foreign policy by democracies: a critical review. Paper presented at the 1994 American Political Science Association meeting, New York, 1–4 September.
Rosenau, James (Ed.). 1961. Public Opinion and Foreign Policy. New York: Random House.
Rosenau, James (Ed). 1967. Democracy and Foreign Policy. New York/London: Free Press/Collier-Macmillan.
Russett, B.M. (Ed.) 1972. Peace, War, and Numbers. Beverly Hills and London: Sage.
Russett, B.M. 1993. Grasping the Democratic Peace. Principles for a Post-Cold War World. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Shapiro, Robert Y., and Benjamin I. Page. 1994. “Foreign Policy and the Public.” In The New Politics of American Foreign Policy, ed. David A. Deese. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
Sobel, Richard A. 2001. The Impact of Public Opinion on U.S. Foreign Policy. New York: Oxford University Press.
Stimson, James A. 1991. Public Opinion on America: Moods, Cycles & Swings. Boulder, CO: Westview.
Stokes, Donald E. 1962. "Popular Evaluations of Government: An Empirical Assessment." In Ethics and Bigness: Scientific, Academic, Religious, Political, and Military, ed. Harlan Cleve-land and Harold D. Lasswell. New York: Harper and Brothers, 61-72.
Szabo, Stephen F.(Ed.) 1983. The Successor Generation: International Perspectives of Postwar Europeans. London: Butterworths.
Taylor, S. E. 1981. “The Interface of Cognitive and Social Psychology.” In Cognition social behavior and the environment, ed. J. H. Harvey. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Uslaner, Eric. 2002. The Moral Foundations of Trust. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Wittkopf, Eugene R. 1990. Faces of Internationalism: Public Opinion and American Foreign Policy. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Zaller, John. 1992. The Nature and Origins of Mass Opinion. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

（三）英文報紙
Daalder, Ivo H., and James M. Lindsay. 2002. "It's Hawk vs. Hawk in the Bush Administration." Washington Post, 27 October: Sect. B.
Horovitz, Bruce. 2002. "Trust in Corporations Wanes in Wake of Scandals." USA Today, July 16.
Krauthammer, Charles. 2002. "The Clinton Paper Chase." Washington Post, 25 October: Sect. A.
Mufson, Steven. 2002. "The Way Bush Sees the World." Washington Post, 17 February: Sect. B.

二、中文部分
（一）中文期刊
陳陸輝、耿曙，＜政治效能感與政黨認同對選民投票抉擇的影響—以2002年北高市長選舉為例＞，《臺灣民主季刊》，2008，5（1）：87-118。
王甫昌，＜族群意識、民族主義與政黨支持＞，《台灣社會學研究》，1998（2）：1-45。

（二）中文書籍
張亞中、孫國祥，《美國的中國政策—圍堵、交往、戰略夥伴》，台北：生智，1999。
劉復國，＜亞太安全合作機制發展與台灣參與區域合作的省思＞，徐遵慈、劉復國 主編，《我國參與亞太區域合作策略之研究》，台北：國立政治大學國際關係研究中心--台灣經濟研究院，民89，頁18。
李瓊莉，＜我國參與亞太區域合作策略—經濟安全面向＞，徐遵慈、劉復國 主編，《我國參與亞太區域合作策略之研究》，台北：國立政治大學國際關係研究中心--台灣經濟研究院，民89，頁99。
吳榮義，＜二十一世紀台灣經濟發展面臨的挑戰＞，許慶復主編，《地球村中的台灣》，台北：正中，民 85年，頁20。
林碧炤，＜跨世紀台灣外交關係的展望＞，許慶復主編，《地球村中的台灣》，台北：正中，民 85年，頁64。
李國雄，＜非正式外交途徑：增進與非邦交國家關係的探討＞，許慶復主編，《地球村中的台灣》，台北：正中，民 85年，頁81。
陳鴻瑜，＜台灣在世界政經環境變動中的角色＞，許慶復主編，《地球村中的台灣》，台北：正中，民 85年，頁108。