禽流感病毒可以藉由染病鳥的排泄物及口腔分泌物的方式傳播給其他鳥類，所以當帶有病毒的鳥類進入家禽場，與家禽共域或是接觸，就可能將病毒帶進家禽場內，傳播給家禽。台灣自禽流感爆發後，大部分禽場均架設防鳥圍網，但實際防治情況及效果並未有更深入研究，本研究欲了解高雄地區家禽場不同覆蓋率的防鳥圍網對防治野鳥進入的效果。實驗於2008年9月至2009年9月在高屏溪舊鐵橋濕地、鳳山水庫及其附近的20間禽場進行觀察，將雞、鴨場分開比較，並各將圍網覆蓋程度區分成三組(全覆蓋、部分覆蓋、無覆蓋)，探討在雞、鴨場不同覆蓋程度的防鳥圍網下，進入的鳥種數、鳥總數量、鳥體型是否有差異，並比較禽場面積大小與圍網的關係，禽隻密度與野鳥進入的數量是否相關。結果發現，不同覆蓋程度下，進入的鳥種數在鴨場中的全網和無網有顯著差異；鳥總數量無論在雞、鴨場，全網下進入的鳥數量都顯著少於半網。而雞場中，圍網對小型鳥的進入有顯著防治效果，對中、大型鳥的進入影響不大；鴨場中，則對小、中型鳥的進入有顯著防治效果。而禽場內的禽隻密度與進入的野鳥族群數量僅在雞場半網中呈負相關性。進入的百分比在陸鳥部分，以麻雀最多，其次為家燕、紅鳩等；水鳥以鷺科、鷸鴴科及秧雞科為主，其中麻雀、家燕、紅鳩、黃頭鷺因屬非遷徙性與高帶病原性的物種且會來往於禽場和濕地間，因此認定為橋樑物種。由於與家禽直接接觸的橋樑物種可能是候鳥與家禽場中禽流感的傳染媒介，因此減少野生鳥類直接接觸家禽場為重要的禽流感控制機制，最後，針對出現鳥種根據歐盟食品安全署的模式，做高雄縣濕地內的遷徙性候鳥傳播禽流感至禽場的風險性評估。

The avian influenza virus can be transmitted from sick birds to other birds by fecal and oral secretion. Therefore, when birds with avian influenza virus enter domestic bird farms and make contacts, it is possible to carry the virus in and transmit it to domestic birds. Since the outbreak of the avian influenza in Taiwan, most bird farms had set up the screen. Yet, the actual effectiveness of screen coverage rate has not been researched. This study will discuss further regarding the results of different screen coverage rate in preventing wild birds’ entering to poultry farms in Kaohsiung area. Field observations were carried out at the wetlands in Kaohsiung county, including Old Railroad Bridge artificial wetland, Fongshan reservoir and 20 poultry farms which were less than five kilometers away from wetlands from September 2008 to October 2009. Chicken and duck farms were analyzed respectively, and the screen coverage rate was categorized into full, partial and no coverage, respectively. The aims of the study were to investigate the effect of screen coverage on the entrance of wild birds to the farms, and found out the potential bridge species near poultry farms. By observing different levels of screen coverage in poultry farms, migratory birds’ activity, and the contact situation between wild and domestic birds, we can analyze the contact level of high risk species and speculate possible transmission path of the avian influenza, and understand the effectiveness of the screens. Also, showing the correlation between the density of domestic poultry and the number of wild bird enterance. The result showed, in terms of screen with different coverage rates, the number of bird species within the duck farms had significant different in full and no coverage. The number of total birds within the duck and chicken farms with full coverage was significant less than partial coverage. Both in chicken and farms, screen had a great effectively in preventing small sized birds entering, yet not on big sized birds. The density of domestic poultry and the number of wild bird enterance showed negative correlation only in chicken farms with partial coverage. In terms of the wild land birds entering poultry farms, Passeer montanus is the largest species, followed by Hirundo rustica and Streptopelia tranquebarica. As for aquatic birds, it is mainly of Ardeidae, Scolopacidae, Charadriidae and Rallidae. Among all, Passeer montanus, Hirundo rustica, Streptopelia tranquebarica, and Bubulcus ibis are not migratory birds and highly pathogenic avian influenza virus species which move between poultry farms and wetlands. Therefore, they were considered bridge species. Due to the bridge species makes direct contacts with poultry, it might be the spreader of the virus. Decreasing the possibility of wild birds’ contact with poultry is an important mechanism for avian influenza control. Also, based on the model of European Food Safety Authority (ESFA), risk assessments will be conducted on Kaohsiung County wetland’s migratory birds’ highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 transmission to poultry farms.

Introduction…1
Materials and Methods
Study site…8
Characteristics of the poultry farms…8
Investigations of bird populations in poultry farms…9
Bridge species in poultry farms…9
Risk assessment of wetland bird species…10
Data Analysis…12
Results
Bird Populations at Old Railroad Bridge Artificial wetland and Fongshan reservoir..13
Characteristics of the poultry farms
Types of screen coverage in poultry farms…13
Investigations of bird populations in poultry farms
Bird species found in poultry farms….14
Total number of birds found in poultry farms…16
Comparison of poultry farms in Kaohsiung and Other Areas…17
Different size of birds observed at poultry farms…18
The correlation between the density of domestic poultry and the number of wild
bird enterance….19
Behavior of wild birds in poultry farms…19
Bridge species in poultry farms…19
Risk assessment of wetland bird species…20
Discussion…21
References…26
Figures…33
Tables and Appendix…58

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