南海為全世界最大的邊緣海，對於全球碳循環有一定的影響力，但前人文獻中卻少有南海碳通量的資料。因此，本研究於2007年1月至2009年7月間，利用漂浮式及錨碇式兩種沉積物收集器，於SEATS測站 (18o15' N; 115o50' E) 分別採集表層 (30 m、100 m及160 m) 與深層 (2000 m及3500 m) 沉降顆粒，並過濾不同深度 (0~1000 m) 的懸浮顆粒，加以分析，討論南海海域生物幫浦的影響與機制。
由表層沉降顆粒分析結果可知，碳氮元素含量及各項通量主要受控於降解作用，並強烈反映季節性變化。碳同位素值隨深度增加反而逐漸變輕，主因顆粒在沉降過程中，集聚了因細菌分解所產生之同位素值較輕的細微有機質之故。夏季表層的氮同位素值較其他季節輕 (夏季為2.70 ‰，其他季節平均為4.68 ‰)，則可反映南海固氮作用在此期間可能較為旺盛。深層沉降顆粒分析結果顯示，2000 m與3500 m深度分別之平均碳氮元素含量 (碳: 3.98 %及3.22 %；氮: 0.53 %及0.42 % )、各項通量 (147.99及130.24 mg m-2 d-1) 及C/N值 (8.81及8.92) 均頗為接近，且彼此間隨時間變化之趨勢也頗為一致。另外，相較於2000 m深之數據，3500 m深的變化趨勢，均較穩定。
綜觀沉降顆粒年平均數據隨深度變化結果，各項通量及碳氮元素含量，因受沉降分解作用，隨深度增加而減少。將C/N值對深度作迴歸，可知南海SEATS測站的C/N值增加量 (每公里增加0.4個單位) 稍大於全球海洋的增加量 (每公里增加0.2個單位)，可能是受到鄰近大陸棚所帶來的再懸浮顆粒影響。
總合懸浮顆粒與表層沉降顆粒的碳氮元素數據，可知0~160 m的懸浮與沉降顆粒有相近的斜率 (3.32及3.00)，其同水層的碳同位素值亦顯現良好之關係 (R2 = 0.74)。由此可知，懸浮顆粒主要還是源自沉降顆粒。再藉由沉降顆粒及懸浮顆粒碳同位素值之差異可知，沉降顆粒在降解過程中，同位素值約變輕1~2 ‰。
利用前人及本研究資料，可估算南海SEATS測站各項有關碳之衰變率。依此，b-value為0.97、e-ratio為0.22、p-ratio為1.11 %、S-ratio為5 %，皆介於全球海洋各項碳衰變率的平均值間。南海春夏季及秋冬季的e-ratio分別為0.19及0.28，表示南海在東北季風影響及季節變化下，基礎生產力輸出率增加了約47 %的量。

Depth and temporal variability of organic carbon (POC) and total nitrogen (TN) and their isotopic compositions (δ13C and δ15N) in sinking particulate organic matter (POM) collected at the SEATS time-series station (18°15’ N; 115°50’ E), northern South China Sea, respond closely to the strong seasonality (changes in sea surface temperatures and mixed layer depths) in the surface layer, but are modified considerably by subsequent microbial degradation/remineralization and probably by re-suspension of sediments from the surrounding shelf region in the deep water. Lower C/N and δ15N in summer than the other seasons reflects the change of nutrient supply from NO3-rich, 15N-enriched subsurface waters to N2-fixation-dominated nitrogen source in the surface waters. Below the euphotic zone (>100m), both POC and TN decrease, whereas C/N increases progressively with depth owing to the biodegradation and the preferential removal of more degradable nitrogen-containing compounds through the water column. The C/N increase rate is estimated to be 0.4 unit per 1 km water depth, which is significantly higher than the world average (0.2/km) as a result of the input of higher C/N organic matter from sediments deposited nearby the SEATS site. POC and TN and total particulate mass fluxes decrease sharply within the euphotic zone and continue to decrease all way through the water column to seafloor. For site comparison and global synthesis, an average fraction (e-ratio) of 0.22 of POC exported from the euphotic zone and a POC attenuation rate (b value) of 0.97 are derived. Since the results of this study were obtained from a marginal sea characteristic of strong monsoonal modulation, they should contribute to a better understanding of the fate and pathway of POC in the world ocean.

目錄
致謝----------------------------------------------------------------------------------I
摘要---------------------------------------------------------------------------------II
Abstract --------------------------------------------------------------------------IV
目錄-------------------------------------------------------------------------------VI
表目錄--------------------------------------------------------------------------VIII
圖目錄----------------------------------------------------------------------------IX
第一章 緒論-----------------------------------------------------------------------1
1.1 二氧化碳對氣候的影響-------------------------------------------------1
1.2 海洋碳循環之機制-------------------------------------------------------2
1.3 研究目的-------------------------------------------------------------------3
1.4 分析項目及其應用簡介-------------------------------------------------6
第二章 研究地點、研究材料及分析方法------------------------------------9
2.1 研究地點-------------------------------------------------------------------9
2.2 研究材料-----------------------------------------------------------------10
2.2.1 表層沉降顆粒------------------------------------------------------10
2.2.2 深層沉降顆粒------------------------------------------------------12
2.2.3 懸浮顆粒------------------------------------------------------------13
2.2.4 有機碳樣品酸化步驟---------------------------------------------14
2.3 分析方法-----------------------------------------------------------------15
2.3.1 總碳、總氮及有機碳之元素含量測定--------------------------15
2.3.2 碳、氮同位素分析--------------------------------------------------17
第三章 結果與討論------------------------------------------------------------20
3.1 表層沉降顆粒碳氮元素含量、C/N值、質量通量、有機碳通量
及碳氮同位素值隨時間及空間之變化-----------------------------20
3.2 深層沉降顆粒碳氮元素含量、C/N值、質量通量、有機碳通量
及總氮通量之分析結果-----------------------------------------------23
3.3 沉降顆粒碳氮元素含量、C/N值、質量通量、有機碳通量及總
氮通量年平均數據隨深度之變化-----------------------------------23
3.4 懸浮顆粒碳氮濃度及碳氮同位素值分析結果--------------------25
3.5 懸浮與沉降顆粒碳氮元素含量及碳同位素值之關係-----------26
3.6 碳衰變率之討論與比較-----------------------------------------------27
第四章 結論---------------------------------------------------------------------31
參考文獻--------------------------------------------------------------------------53

表目錄
表2-1 漂浮式沉積物收集器詳細佈放回收資料--------------------------34
表2-2 錨碇式沉積物收集器詳細佈放回收資料--------------------------35
表2-3 懸浮顆粒採樣航次時間-----------------------------------------------35
表3-1 依不同採樣航次CTD資料所計算之南海混合層及透光層深度
資料表--------------------------------------------------------------------36
表3-2 (a) 沉降顆粒碳氮元素、C/N值及碳氮同位素值隨深度變化之
範圍及平均值列表-----------------------------------------------------37
表 3-2 (b) 沉降顆粒質量通量及碳氮通量隨深度變化之範圍及平均
值列表--------------------------------------------------------------------38
表3-3 南海SEATS測站各項有關碳之衰變率----------------------------39
圖目錄
圖1-1 從冰蕊紀錄所得知之過去42萬年來，大氣溫度與二氧化碳濃
度之關係圖--------------------------------------------------------------40
圖2-1 南海地形圖--------------------------------------------------------------41
圖2-2 本研究採樣時間圖-----------------------------------------------------42
圖2-3 漂浮式沉積物收集器樣品處理流程圖-----------------------------42
圖2-4 本研究採樣器材--------------------------------------------------------43
圖2-5 本研究分析之準確度及精確度--------------------------------------44
圖3-1 表層沉降顆粒各項數據隨季節及深度變化圖--------------------45
圖3-2 深層沉降顆粒各項數據隨時間變化圖-----------------------------46
圖3-3 沉降顆粒各項年平均數值隨深度變化圖--------------------------47
圖3-4 透光層以下沉降顆粒C/N值隨深度變化趨勢圖-----------------48
圖3-5 懸浮顆粒隨季節及深度變化圖--------------------------------------49
圖3-6 懸浮顆粒與表層沉降顆粒之POC對TN數據比較圖-----------50
圖3-7 懸浮顆粒與沉降顆粒之碳同位素值關係圖-----------------------51
圖 3-8 南海SEATS測站與世界各地b value之比較--------------------52

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網站資料
Mauna Loa Record, 2009.(http://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/data/mlo.html)