近年來由於過漁與全球氣候變遷使得許多沿海國家的年漁獲量逐年降低，而替代方案的陸上魚塭養殖也因超抽地下水而造成地層下陷及陸地鹽化等社會問題，因此外海養殖成為最近十年來最引人注目的產業；在各種水產養殖中牡蠣養殖是少數不用投餌的經濟養殖產業，在土地利用及環境汙染上都算是非常有競爭力的產業。本研究針對浮桶延繩式牡蠣養殖設備進行探討，在台灣現行之各種牡蠣養殖技術中浮桶延繩式兼具環保與效率之優點，不僅養殖期間較潮間帶式養殖方式短，設備之替換性與耐用性也高。本研究透過質量集結點法建立養殖設施的數值模式，再經由四階的Runge-Kutta method來求解養殖設施之運動方程式，並以此方法求出主纜繩之張力值，然後將此張力值與水工模型詴驗所量測的纜繩張力值做交互驗證以建立適用的數值模式。
由本研究之數值模式結果顯示純流情況下與水工模型詴驗值比較，誤差約低於4%，而純波條件下的結果比水工模型實驗值約有6%的誤差。以上數據證實數值模式與水工模型實驗結果吻合度良好，可將此數值模式應用於現場的海域，作為計算浮桶延繩式養殖設施設遭受波浪及海流等外力衝擊時之依據。本研究並以澎湖地區之牡蠣養殖場作為案例研究，以曾造成澎湖箱網養殖漁業重創之颱風(奇比颱風,2001)的海象資料作為數值模式之輸入條件，分別經由規則與不規則造波模擬以完成現場牡蠣養殖設施之動力分析，提供相關業者規劃設計之參考。

Offshore culture becomes the most attractive industry in last decades because of overfishing and excessively pumping groundwater causing land subsidence social problems. Oyster culture is one of offshore culture with several advantages such as easy set-up and without feeding cost. In this study, we focus on a longline-style oyster aquaculture system because it is recyclable, high growing efficiency and advanced technique against traditional tidal flat culture. This study establishes a numerical model through a lumped mass method, then employs fourth order Runge-Kutta method to solve the system of motion equations and evaluates the tension on the anchor rope.
The results show the discrepancy between the numerical model and experimental data is lower than 4% in current-only situation, and similarly in wave-only situation the discrepancy is lower than 6%. The comparison results indicate that the numerical model is capable to predict the environmental loadings on longline-style oyster culture system. An in-situ case study of a longline-style oyster aquaculture system via regular and random waves, located in the Penghu Bay, is investigated based on the sea-state, Chebi Typhoon occurred in June, 2001, causing a catastrophic damage to the cage aquaculture. The conclusions of dynamic responses of the case study may be utilized as guidance for the local oyster farmers to build and protect their oyster culture system in the Bay.

摘要 ....................................................................................... iii
ABSTRACT .......................................................................... iv
目錄 ........................................................................................ v
圖目錄 ................................................................................... ix
表目錄 ................................................................................... xi
符號對照表 .......................................................................... xii
第一章 緒論........................................................................... 1
第二章 數值模擬基本理論 .................................................. 8
第三章 數值模式 ................................................................ 21
第四章 水工模型實驗 ........................................................ 28
第五章 數值模式與試驗結果分析與討論 ........................ 40
第六章 結論與建議............................................................. 62
參考文獻.............................................................................. 65

[1] 王浚（1987）「鹹水及淺海養殖資料彙集」，第340-429頁。
[2] 陳陽益、莊文傑（1990）「波流交會理論之初步探討」，第十二屆海洋環境工程研討會論文集，第248-265頁。
[3] 胡興華（1996）「拓漁台灣」。
[4] 唐宏結（2001）「箱網容積變形改善研究」，國立中山大學海洋環境及工程學系碩士班碩士論文。
[5] 黃材成、唐宏結﹙2002）「可沉式海上箱網錨碇措施研究(II)」，第24屆海洋工程研討會論文集，第751-758頁。
[6] 吳聖海（2006）「海上箱網錨碇物抓地力在砂質底床之研究」，國立中山大學海洋環境及工程學系碩士論文。
[7] 潘仁雅(2007)「單錨式箱網結構改善及錨碇纜繩老化風險分析研究」，國立中山大學海洋環境及工程學系碩士論文。
[8] 吳育勳（2008）「牡蠣養殖發展之研究-以台南市牡蠣養殖區為例」，國立中山大學海洋環境及工程系碩士論文。
[9] 唐宏結（2008）「箱網養殖浮式帄台之研究」，國立中山大學海洋環境及工程學系博士論文。
[10] 李冠穎（2010）「外海浮筏式蚵架動力分析」，國立中山大學海洋環境及工程學系碩士論文。
[11] 行政院農委會漁業署漁業資訊服務網http://www.fa.gov.tw/chnn/
[12] 維基百科, http://www.wikipedia.org
[13] Blevins, R.D. (1984). Applied Fluid Dynamics Handbook. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 334.
[14] Brebbia, C.A., Walker, S., (1979). Dynamic Analysis of Offshore Structure.
66
Newnes-Butterworths, London, 109-143.
[15] Choi, Kwan-Sik（1998）, The Korea-USA joint study on bay ecosystem modeling with oysters. http://shellfish.cheju.ac.kr/oystermodel/oyshome.htm
[16] Colbourne, D.B., Allen, J.H., (2001). Observations on motions and loads on aquaculture cages from full scale and model scale measurement. Aquacultural Engineering 24, 129-148.
[17] Drapeau, A., Comeau, L.A., Landry, T., Stryhn, H., Davidson, J., (2006). Association between longline design and mussel productivity in Prince Edward Island, Canada. Aquaculture 261, 879-889.
[18] Fredrikkson, D.W., Steppe, C.N., Wallendorf, L., Sweeny, S., Kriebel, D., (2010). Biological and hydrodynamic design considerations for vertically oriented oyster grow out structures. Aquaculture Engineering 42, 57-69.
[19] Garen, P., Robert, S., Bougrier, S., (2004). Comparison of growth of mussel, Mytilus edulis, on longline, pole and bottom culture sites in the Pertuis Breton, France. Aquaculture 232, 511-524.
[20] Goda, Y., (1999). A comparative review on the functional forms of directional wave spectrum. Coastal engineering Journal 41(1), 1-20.
[21] Huang, C.C., (2000). Engineering risk analysis for submerged cage net system in Taiwan. Proc. of the 1st International Symposium on Cage Aquaculture in Asia, 133-140.
[22] Huang, C.C., Tang, H.J., Liu, J.Y., (2006a). Dynamical analysis of net cage structures for marine aquaculture: Numerical simulation and model testing. Aquacultural Engineering 35, 258-270.
[23] Huang, C.C., Tang, H.J., Wang, B.S., Yang, R.Y., Kuo, L.A., Jan, S.J., (2006b).
67
Numerical simulation and field study of a single-point-mooring marine cage. Proc. of the 16th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference vol. 3, 292-296.
[24] Raman-Nair, W., Colbourne, B., (2003). Dynamics of a mussel longline system. Aquacultural Engineering 27, 191-212.
[25] Raman-Nair, W., Colbourne, B., Gagnon, M., Bergeron, P., (2008). Numerical model of a longline mussel system: Coupled dynamics. Ocean Engineering 35, 1372-1380.
[26] Stevens, C., Plew, D., Hartstein, N., Fredriksson, D., (2008). The physics of open-water shellfish aquaculture. Aquaculture Engineering 38, 145-160.
[27]Webster, R.L., (1976) An application of the finite element method to the determination of nonlinear static and dynamic response of underwater cable structures. General Electric Technical Information Series Report R76EMH2, Syracuse, New York.
[28] Wittenbug, J., (1977). Dynamics of Systems of Rigid Bodies. B. G. Teubner Stuttgart, 19-31.