產業政策被認為是政府干預國家產業發展的手段，又稱作是國家導向的產業政策，以日本產業政策而論，與其跟隨自由放任的經濟潮流，日本選擇以自己的方式發展，也因此締造日本的經濟奇蹟。但泡沫經濟與自民黨貪腐的發生，使得過往日本的成功模式-國家導向的產業政策受到嚴厲的質疑與批判，日本政府逐漸成為財政與立法上的中介者而非干預者，在加上日本企業在技術上的優勢，使得日本企業在政策決定過程中的地位慢慢提升，日本的產業政策進而從國家導向轉為企業導向，尤其表現在先進科技產業上，如:醫療機器人產業。

The industrial policy is always regarded as the government’s means to promote the economic and industrial development called state-oriented industrial policy. With lack of nature resources, rather than following the law of comparative advantage in the world trend, Japan caught up the West in the postwar era by their own way. The Japanese industrial policy acted as the means to reach the goal of economic development and created the Japanese miracle. With the serious debates after the bubble burst and the corruption of LDP, the Japanese government has become an intermediary in finance and legislation step by step. In addition, the Japanese business has the advantage of technology and increasing power in policymaking process. The Japanese industrial policy transformed from state-oriented into business-oriented and especially presented on advanced technology such as medical robotic industry.

Thesis Verification Letter..........................................................................................i
Acknowledgements................................................................................................ii
Abstract (English).................................................................................................iii
Abstract (Chinese)................................................................................................iv
List of Acronyms...................................................................................................v
Table of Contents..................................................................................................vi
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION...........................................................................1
1.1. MOTIVATION..................................................................................................1
1.2. ISSUE BACKGROUND...................................................................................3
1.3. LITERATURE REVIEW..................................................................................19
1.4. RESEARCH METHODS................................................................................34
1.5. EXPECTED CONTRIBUTION.........................................................................39
1.6. RESEARCH LIMITATION..............................................................................40
1.7. CHAPTER ARRANGEMENT.........................................................................40
CHAPTER TWO: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK…...............................................42
2.1. THE DEVELOPMENTAL STATE………………………............……………….......42
2.2. THE FAILURE OF THE STATE-ORIENTED INDUSTRIAL POLICY.....................52
2.3. THE CONTINUED STRONG LINKAGE BETWEEN JAPANESE
GOVERNMENT AND BUSINESS........................................................................67
2.4. THE BUSINESS-ORIENTED INDUSTRIAL POLICY.........................................87
CHAPTER THREE: THE JAPANESE BUSINESS-ORIENTED INDUSTRIAL POLICY.............................................................................................................97
3.1. THE CASE STUDY OF THE JAPANESE MEDICAL ROBOTIC
INDUSTRY…….................................................................................................97
3.2. THE INFLUENTIAL JAPANESE INDUSTRIAL POLICY IN RAPID
GROWTH PERIOD......................................................................................….129
3.3. THE BUSINESS-ORIENTED JAPANESE INDUSTRIAL
POLICY .........................................................................................................147
CHAPTER FOUR: CONCLUSION.....................................................................159
List of Figures and Tables................................................................................170
BIBLIOGRAPHY..............................................................................................171

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4. Japanese Papers
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経済産業省産業技術環境局，2010/12/24。〈平成23年度産業技術関連予算案の概要〉，《平成23年度経済産業省予算案の概要》，<http://www.meti.go.jp/main/yosan2011/20101224004-1.pdf>。

経済産業省産業技術環境局，2009/12/25。〈平成22年度産業技術関連予算案の概要〉，《平成22年度経済産業省予算案の概要》，<http://www.meti.go.jp/main/yosan/yosan_fy2010/20091225013-9.pdf>。

経済産業省産業技術環境局，2008/12/24。〈平成21年度産業技術関連予算案の概要〉，《平成21年度経済産業省予算案の概要》，<http://www.meti.go.jp/main/yosan/yosan_fy2009/20081224001-5.pdf >。

経済産業省産業技術環境局，2007/12/24。〈平成20年度産業技術関連予算案の概要〉，《平成20年度経済産業省予算案の概要》，<http://www.meti.go.jp/main/yosan/yosan_fy2008/05_sangi.pdf >。