Responsive image
博碩士論文 etd-0211104-155959 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0211104-155959
論文名稱
Title
以人工岬灣與養灘綜合工法應用於花蓮南、北濱海岸
Application of Headland Control with Nourishment on a Hualien Coast
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
95
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2004-01-09
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2004-02-11
關鍵字
Keywords
人工岬灣、養灘、花蓮南北濱海岸
nourishment, headland control, hualien coast
統計
Statistics
本論文已被瀏覽 5853 次,被下載 7097
The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5853 times, has been downloaded 7097 times.
中文摘要
花蓮市的南、北濱海岸原為近乎安定的動態海岸。民國76年花蓮港東防波堤延伸擴建,改變了該處海岸原有的地貌穩定性,使化仁、南濱海岸產生持續的侵蝕現象,而北濱海岸為淤沙所困。歷年來,主管機構以海堤及多種消波塊保護被侵蝕的海岸。本研究以花蓮南、北濱海岸為主題,先探討該地的海氣象狀況、歷年的海岸變遷及目前使用的保護方法。盼能藉由本研究,由海岸地貌的宏觀思維,以規劃人工岬灣配合人工養灘的方法,留給花蓮市民及觀光客一個近自然的海岸空間。
本研究由探討颱風波浪的海灘變化軟體SBEACH(Storm induced BEACH changes)、人工岬灣及人工養灘的順序,串聯花蓮南、北濱的海岸保護研究,提出具體的海岸改善方法。文中先以平衡岬灣軟體MEPBAY(Model for Equilibrium Planform of BAY beaches)討論花蓮港東防波堤長度對南、北濱海岸的影響。而後應用SBEACH模式計算在颱風暴浪作用下,當地海岸線合理的退縮寬度,做為人工岬灣靜態平衡灘線設計時的緩衝帶寬度。在岬頭的硬體設計上,建議修改傳統離岸堤與突堤的平面形狀,以弧狀取代直線。最後再估算新型的離岸堤或突堤後方的養灘土方量及所需經費,以增進本研究之實用性。
由使用MEPBAY軟體,得知若花蓮港東防波堤減少150公尺,則目前既有的南、北濱海岸線可以轉換為幾乎符合現狀之靜態平衡灣線,則南濱海岸的侵蝕誘因應可隨之有效解除,其侵蝕的現象得到控制。在這種情況下,甚至可以將南濱海堤前部分的消波塊吊往他處,堆放成新的離岸堤;再於堤後配合養灘創造岬灣,新岬灣的下游控制點宜設在經適當規劃的緩衝帶新灘線上。盼本研究能為花蓮南、北濱海岸提供一個由海岸地貌思維出發的海岸保護近自然工法。
Abstract
The Nanbin-Beibin beach (South-North beach) at Haulien city on the east coast of Taiwan was probably in a dynamic state close to stable, prior to the completion of the Eastern Breakwater extension for Hualien harbor. Since 1987, this beach has begun experiencing adverse effect of the breakwater extension, with erosive trend continuing at Huazern beach and Nanbin Beach, accompanying by accretion at Beibin. Government authorities have constructed seawalls, submerged breakwaters and applied several types of precast concrete blocks to protect the eroding section of the coast.

This study investigates the beach processes at Nanbin-Beibin Beach, starting from its oceanographic and climate condition, beach changes in the past four decades, to the protective countermeasures installed. With large-scale geomorphic approach, it is expected that combining headland control with nourishment could provide local residents and tourists with a harmonious semi-natural coastal space.

This report contains the discussion on SBEACH-software for beach changes induced by storm waves, headland control with stable bayed beach and artificial nourishment; followed by description of shoreline protection at Nanbin-Beibin Beach, and finally a proposal for improving the beach stability. The study follows some of the known principles and software available in the field of coastal engineering today. Firstly, stability of the Nanbin-Beibin Beach in relation to the total length of the Eastern Breakwater of Hualein harbor is assessed by MEPBAY software recently developed for the application of parabolic bay shape equation. Secondly, a rational beach retreat is calculated using SBEACH software, which is to be used as a minimum buffer width for a proposed bayed beach using MEPBAY. Thirdly, headland control approach is suggested using artificial headlands in a curved shape rather than the traditional straight groin and detached breakwater in narrow gaps. Finally, total volume of the fill materials and budget are estimated, in order to enhance the applicability of this study.

By implementing MEPBAY, it can be found that the stability of Nanbin-Beibin Beach will transform from unstable natural re-shaping to static equilibrium, using an upcoast control point 150 m short off the tip of the Eastern Breakwater. Thus, the eroding potential to Nanbin Beach could be effectively removed, and the local erosion may then become manageable. In this way, part of the precast concrete units forming the submerged breakwaters in front of the seawalls at Nanbin Beach may be taken out for construction of new detached or submerged units or artificial headlands elsewhere at Beibin Beach. The entire detached breakwater system should then be re-designed with a widened gap between units combined with bayed beach in static equilibrium and nourishment. Sufficient buffer width should be provided to all the static bay shapes so implemented. It is envisaged that the geomorphic approach considered in this report may help devise a plan to restore the eroding beach at Hualein.
目次 Table of Contents
圖目錄 iv
表目錄 vii
中文摘要 viii
ABSTRACT ix
致謝 xi
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 研究動機 2
1.3 研究目的 2
1.4 研究步驟 3
1.4.1 文獻來源 3
1.4.2 資料整理 3
1.4.3 SBEACH軟體模擬颱風暴浪的影響 4
1.4.4 人工岬灣應用及灘線預測 4
1.4.5 人工養灘之搭配 4
第二章 海岸保全工法探討 6
2.1 沿岸流與漂沙 6
2.2 季節風浪與颱風浪的影響 6
2.3 海岸侵淤主要原因 7
2.3.1 大型海岸結構物 7
2.3.2 沙源不足 8
2.4 現行海岸保護工法 8
2.4.1 海堤與護岸(Seawall and revetment) 9
2.4.2 突堤與防沙堤(Groin and jetty) 10
2.4.3 離岸堤(Detached breakwater) 13
2.4.4 潛堤(Submerged breakwater) 14
2.4.5 人工養灘(Artificial beach nourishment) 15
2.5 人工岬灣原理 18
2.5.1 靜態平衡灣岸公式 18
2.5.2 動態與靜態平衡的轉換 20
2.6 海岸保護對策工法之綜合整理 21
2.7 人工岬灣與養灘綜合工法應用實例與驗證 23
第三章 花蓮南、北濱及化仁海岸之變遷與防護設施沿革 27
3.1 美崙溪口至花蓮溪口間的海岸地貌 27
3.2 海地氣象條件 27
3.3 海岸變遷過程 35
3.4 歷年颱風災害說明 44
3.5 南北濱至化仁海岸歷年海岸地形變遷分析 45
3.6 既有文獻 50
3.6.1 南北濱海岸之波與流 50
3.6.2 現有海岸防護配置之成效 50
第四章 花蓮南北濱海岸防護設施之研擬 53
4.1 花蓮港東防波堤對北濱海岸之影響 53
4.1.1 MEPBAY軟體介紹 53
4.1.2 以MEPBAY研判花蓮港東防波堤的影響 55
4.2 SBEACH軟體應用 58
4.2.1 參數設定 58
4.2.2 結果驗證 64
4.2.3 預測 67
4.3 北濱海岸設計參考因素 70
4.4 新型突堤 71
4.4.1 基本說明 71
4.4.2 弧狀突堤 72
4.4.3 T型突堤 73
4.4.4 魚尾型突堤 76
4.4.5 突堤高度 77
4.5 離岸堤 77
4.5.1 基本說明 77
4.5.2 短淺弧狀離岸堤 78
4.5.3 錨狀離岸堤 80
4.6 南濱海岸防護設施之規劃 81
4.6.1 設計參考因素 81
4.6.2 保護考量因素 82
4.6.3 離岸潛堤設計說明 83
4.7 人工養灘之配合 84
4.8 經費概估 87
4.8.1 人工養灘 87
4.8.2 結構體 87
4.9 未來海岸防護工作之展望 87
第五章 結論與建議 89
參考文獻 91
參考文獻 References
Allen J.R.L., (1970). The avalanching of granular solids on dune and similar slopes. Journal of Geology. 78(3): 326-351.
Bascom M.N., (1951). The relationship between sand size and beach face slope. Trans. American Geographical Union, 32(6): 866-874.
Coastal Engineering Research Center (1984). Shore Protection Manual, 2nd Ed., Vol. 2, Waterways Experiment Station, U.S. Army Corps. of Engineers, Vicksburg., Mississippi, U.S.A.
Goda Y., (1975). Irregular wave deformation in the surf zone. Coastal Engineering In Japan, 18: 13-26.
Hardaway C.S., Jr. and J.R. Gunn, (1999). Chesapeake Bay: Design and early performance of three headland breakwater systems. Coastal Sediments’99, American Society of Civil Engineers, v.1, pp. 828-843.
Hsu J.R.C. and C. Evans, (1989). Parabolic bay shapes and applications. Proceedings, Institution of Civil Engineers, Part 2, London: Thomas Telford. 87: 557-570.
Rosati, J.D., R.A. Wise and N.C. Karus, (1993). “SBEACH: Numerical Model for Simulating Storm-Induced Beach Change; Report 3: User’s Manual” Instruction Repprt CERC-93-2, U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Coastal Engineering Research Center, Vicksburg, MS, U.S.A.
Klein A.H.F., A. Vargas, A. Vargas, A.L.A. Raabe and J.R.C. Hsu, (2003). Visual assessment of bayed beach stability with computer software. Computers and Geosciences, pp. 1249-1257.
Larson, M. and Karus, N.C., (1989). “SBEACH: Numerical model for simulating storm-induced beach change; Report 1: Empirical foundation and model development,” Technical Repprt CERC-89-9, U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Coastal Engineering Research Center, Vicksburg, MS, U.S.A.
Larson, M., N.C. Karus, and M.R. Byrnes (1990). “SBEACH: Numerical model for simulating storm-induced beach change; Report 2: Numerical formulation and model tests” Technical Repprt CERC-89-9, U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Coastal Engineering Research Center, Vicksburg, MS, U.S.A.
Le Mehaute, B. and R.C.Y. Koh, (1967). On the breaking of waves arriving at an angle to the shore. J. Hydraul. Res., 5(1): 67-88.
Gonzalez, M., and R. Medina, (1999). Equilibrium shoreline response behind a single offshore breakwater. Coastal Sediment, American Society of Civil Engineers, v.1, pp. 844-859.
MOC (1997). 1997 Coast Handbook. Tokyo: National Coast Association, 210 pp. (In Japanese).
MOPU (1988). Coastal Action (Actuaciones en la costa). Director General of Port and Coast. (In Spanish)
Moreno L.J. and N. C. Kraus, (1999). Equilibrium shape of headland-bay beaches for engineering design. Coastal Sediments’99, American Society of Civil Engineers, v.1, pp. 860-875.
MOT (1988). Coastal Protection in Japan. Tokyo: Port and Harbour Bureau, Ministry of Transport, 24 pp.
Oliveira I.B.M., A.T. Teixeira and A.S. do Valle, (2000). West coast of Portugal (Espinho) - A comparision between project predictions and reality. Proc. 27th International Conf. Coastal Eng., American Society of Civil Engineers, v.4, pp. 3552-3565.
PIANC (1992). Analysis of Rubble Mound Breakwater.
Shu, K., and R.A. Dalrmyple, (1989). Offshore breakwaters in laboratory and field. Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering, American Society of Civil Engineers, 113(2): 108-121.
Silvester, R. and J.R.C. Hsu, (1993). Coastal Stabilization: Innovative Concepts. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 578pp.
Silvester, R. and J.R.C. Hsu, (1997). Coastal Stabilization. Singapore: World Scientific, 578pp (Reprint of Silvester and Hsu, 1993).
Smith G.G., E. Dunkley and C. Soltau, (2000). Shoreline response to harbour developments in Table Bay. Proc. 27th International Conf. Coastal Eng., American Society of Civil Engineers, v. 3, pp. 2822-2835.
Sunamura T., (1983). Determination of breaker height and depth in the field. Annural Rep., Institute Geoscience, University Tsukuba, Japan, No.8, pp. 53-54.
Tourmen L., (1968). The creation of an artificial beach in Larvotto Bay- Monte Carlo principality of Monaco. Proc. 11th International Conf. Coastal Eng., American Society of Civil Engineers, v.1, pp. 558-569.
Tsuchiya, T., Y. Kawata, T. Yamashita, T. Shibano, M. Kawasaki, and S. Habara, (1992). Sandy beach stabilization: preservation of Shirarahama beach, Wakayama. Proc. 23rd International Conf. Coastal Eng., American Society Civil Engineers v. 3, pp. 3426-3439.
Vithana H.P.V., S. Weesakul and A.A.S.K. Gunasinghe, (2000). Sand spit formation in a simulated mouth. Proc. 27th International Conference on Coastal Engineering, American Society of Civil Engineers, v.4, pp. 3817-3828.
Weesakul S., (1999). Erosion control of downcoast area of ports in Thailand using parabolic shape. Coastal Sediments’99, American Society of Civil Engineers, v.1, pp. 876-884.
中央氣象局網站http://www.cwb.gov.tw。
中華顧問工程司(2000),高雄市旗津區海岸線治理規劃。
中華顧問工程司(2003),「安平港鄰近海岸整治規劃、設計及漁光橋設計服務」。
台灣漁業技術顧問社(1996),「和美漁港(含金沙灣)整體改善調查規劃報告」,台北縣政府委託。
交通部港灣技術研究所網站http://www.ihmt.gov.tw。
交通部港灣技術研究所(1996),「花蓮港整體規劃及未來發展計畫期末報告」。
交通部運輸研究所(2002a),「2001年港灣海氣象觀測資料年報(波浪部分)」。
交通部運輸研究所(2002b),「2001年港灣海氣象觀測資料年報(風力部分)」。
交通部運輸研究所(2002c),「2001年港灣海氣象觀測資料年報(潮汐部分)」。
邱永芳、何良勝、張金機、徐如娟、廖慶堂、江金德、洪憲忠、林壽勳及張富東(2000),「台11線東部濱海公路改善計畫─海岸地形監測及侵蝕防治對策」,交通部運輸研究所港灣技術研究中心。
花蓮港第四期擴建西防波堤工程竣工報告,經濟部水利署第九河川局規劃課周秉宏先生提供。
郭一羽與黃美琪(2000),「新竹海岸親水性海堤之規劃案例」,第二十二屆海洋工程研討會論文集,pp.465-472。
郭一羽主編(2001),「海岸工程學」,文山書局,pp.282-291。
郭一羽(2002),「台灣近岸國土保全與生態景觀創造之構想」,第二十四屆海洋工程研討會專題演講,pp.27-41。
郭金棟(1999),「海岸工程學」,中國土木水利工程學會。
許泰文,「海岸侵蝕與防禦講義」,國立成功大學水利及海洋工程學系。
許泰文、歐善惠、張憲國及王順寬(1991),「花蓮港東防波堤擴建前後地形變化之研究」,第十三屆海洋工程研討會論文集,pp.441-456。
許泰文、歐善惠及張憲國(1994),「花蓮海岸侵蝕防護對策之研究」,第十六屆海洋工程研討會論文集,pp.186-205。
許榮中(1989),「人工岬灣的預測與應用」,港灣技術報導第四期,台灣省交通處港灣技術研究所,pp.61~76。
許榮中(1994),「大型海岸結構物對海岸線之影響」,海岸結構物與海岸地貌研討會論文集,財團法人資料及環境保護服務基金會。
許榮中(2003),「人工岬灣與養灘綜合工法」,海洋技術季刊,第十三卷第二期,pp.35~48。
莊七郎(1955),「海岸工學講演論會講演集」,Vol.2, pp.107-161。
黃清和(1993a),「海岸防蝕對策─人工養灘之規劃及設計(上)」,港灣報導No.25,台灣省政府交通處港灣技術研究所,1993年七月,pp.1-12。
黃清和(1993b),「海岸防蝕對策─人工養灘之規劃及設計(下)」,港灣報導No.26,台灣省政府交通處港灣技術研究所,1993年十月,pp.6-15。
黃清和、何良勝、江金德、蔡金吉、楊怡芸、李江澤、陳進冰、何炳紹及蔡瑞成(1997),「花蓮港整體規劃及未來發展計畫─長浪及漂沙防治研究第三子計畫─港口漂沙淤塞改善檢核試驗研究」,交通部運輸研究所港灣技術研究中心。
經濟部水利署第九河川局(2001a),花蓮縣海岸地形觀測成果報告。
經濟部水利署第九河川局(2001b),台灣海岸防護工作之檢討。
蔡立宏、黃清和、蔡金吉及林柏青(1996),「花蓮港港灣設施改善計畫之研究第四子計畫─水深測量與漂沙堆積分析」,交通部運輸研究所港灣技術研究中心。
蔡清標、陳鴻彬及高弘儒(1995),「颱風波浪對人工岬灣之影響」,第十七屆海洋工程研討會暨1995兩岸港口及海岸開發研討會論文集,pp.1217-1229。
歐善惠、許泰文、張憲國及洪逸銘(1992),「花蓮南濱海岸波場與流場之研究」,第十四屆海洋工程研討會論文集,pp.107-126。
歐善惠、邱永芳及廖建明(1995),「波浪通過潛堤變形之研究」,第十七屆海洋工程研討會暨1995兩岸港口及海岸開發研討會論文集,pp.575-583。
鍾鴻文(2003),「宜蘭海岸地形斷面特性分析與預測」,國立成功大學水利及海洋工程研究所碩士論文。
蘇莎琳及張憲國(2000),「消波塊對海岸景觀之視覺衝擊影響」,第二十二屆海洋工程研討會論文集,pp.335-341。
電子全文 Fulltext
本電子全文僅授權使用者為學術研究之目的,進行個人非營利性質之檢索、閱讀、列印。請遵守中華民國著作權法之相關規定,切勿任意重製、散佈、改作、轉貼、播送,以免觸法。
論文使用權限 Thesis access permission:校內校外完全公開 unrestricted
開放時間 Available:
校內 Campus: 已公開 available
校外 Off-campus: 已公開 available


紙本論文 Printed copies
紙本論文的公開資訊在102學年度以後相對較為完整。如果需要查詢101學年度以前的紙本論文公開資訊,請聯繫圖資處紙本論文服務櫃台。如有不便之處敬請見諒。
開放時間 available 已公開 available

QR Code