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博碩士論文 etd-0212103-113635 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0212103-113635
論文名稱
Title
孫子兵法對企業經營的啟發之研究
Research of Sun Zi's on the enlightment of business management.
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
231
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2003-01-10
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2003-02-12
關鍵字
Keywords
決策、孫子兵法、策略、領導、變革
strategy, leadership, innovation, decision, sun zi's art of war
統計
Statistics
本論文已被瀏覽 5727 次,被下載 10937
The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5727 times, has been downloaded 10937 times.
中文摘要
論 文 摘 要
《孫子兵法》此部曠世經典名著,現在已成為許多國家,諸如:台、中、美、德、俄、英、法、日…等國軍事學及管理學的寶典。這部中國古代文明的智慧結晶擁有令人挖掘不盡的深刻魅力、相當深邃的思想原則及實用之核心觀念,其於二千年前流傳至今仍盛行不衰。而一部著作之所以能夠萬古常新的流傳這麼久,不僅是因為它代表了一個時代的思想,這深邃的思想內涵經過每一代人的研究,早已成為固有且不變異的存在,更重要的在於其可於不同時代、環境、背景等的變異因素下,對它所作出不同的解釋。因此「孫子兵法」可以應用之範圍相當廣泛,諸如:軍事、外交、經濟、教育、文化、管理…等許多之層面,其中尤其以美國用於實際作戰中的軍事策略、戰爭指導上,以及日本將其長期研究《孫子兵法》的成果用於企業經營中包括經濟競爭、情報獲取方面最為著名。因此《孫子兵法》於企業經營之層面必定有相當多的啟發,而企業經營之範圍相當廣泛,諸如:策略管理、計劃、組織、研發管理、生產管理、行銷管理、人力資源管理、財務管理、領導、企業變革、控制、協調、績效管理、成本控制、公共關係管理、企業決策、事務管理、廠務管理、資材管理…等。而其中係以領導、策略、變革及決策等四大主軸貫穿整個企業經營。
本研究係以質化之研究方法來探討孫子兵法對領導、策略、變革及決策等四個層面之啟發,並獲得如下之結論:
1. 於領導層面上:獲致二點重要之啟示,分別為「將者,智、信、仁、勇、嚴也」(始計篇)及『知吾之可以擊,而不知敵之不可以擊,勝之半也,知敵之可擊,而不知吾卒之不可以擊,勝之半也;知敵之可擊,知吾卒之可以擊,而不知地形之不可以戰,勝之半也。故知兵者,動而不迷,舉而不窮,故曰知彼知己,勝乃不殆,知天知地,勝乃可全。』(地形篇)。另一位成功領導者之必備條件為培養並具備高尚的風格、通權達變、為人師表、從諫直言、知識深邃、積極主動等。
2. 於策略層面上:獲致二點重要之啟示,分別為「夫用兵之法全國為上,破國次之;全軍為上,破軍次之;全旅為上,破旅次之;全卒為上,破卒次之;全伍為上,破伍次之。」(謀攻篇)及「不戰而屈人之兵,善之善者也」(謀攻篇)。另由孫子兵法的角度來看策略規劃的流程為,首先是以「架構判斷」策略分析企業內外部環境來明確界定問題;第二是,以「心中有數」策略來獲知企業所面臨之機會、威脅、優勢及劣勢;第三是,以「擇利而動」策略來規劃各項可行方案;第四是,以「架構判斷」策略來評估各項可行方案;第五是,由「創造形勢」策略、「不戰而勝」策略、「迂直互用」策略、「文武兼備」策略、「攻守互用」策略、「虛實主動」策略、「化繁為簡」策略、「出奇制勝」策略、「時間至上」策略、「資源集中」策略等來確定未來之策略;第六是,透過活性化組織來執行所確定之策略;第七是,演變成新的策略型態並累積資源;第八是,與第一項程序結合。如此構成一個綿密、謹慎、完整及有效的規劃流程。
3. 於變革層面上:獲致二點重要之啟示,分別為『善用兵者,屈人之兵,而非戰也;拔人之城,而非攻也;毀人之國,而非久也。必以全爭於天下,故兵不頓,而利可全,此謀攻之法也』(謀攻篇)及『不知敵之情者,不仁之至也,非人之將也,非主之佐也,非勝之主也』(用間篇)。另孫子兵法認為成功的變革應具備的條件為慎選變革的領導者、正確周詳的診斷、擬定企業變革的行動計畫、誠懇充分的溝通、正確的進行變革、充分確實的檢討等。
4. 於決策層面上:其有二點重要之啟示,分別為『水因地而制流,兵因敵而制勝。故兵無常勢,水無常形;能因敵變化而取勝者,謂之神。』(虛實篇)及『用兵之法,有散、輕、爭、交、衢、重、圯、圍、死九地。九地之變,屈伸之利,人情之理,不可不察。』(九地篇)。而孫子兵法認為決策時必須依據果斷原則、虛實原則、求變原則、求速原則、周詳原則、求利原則、審慎原則等之原則進行,方可較易獲得成功可行的決策。

Abstract
Abstract
Sun Zi’s Art of War , an outstanding masterpiece, now has become many countries’ military and managerial scripture, such as Taiwan, China, America, Germany, Russia, Britain, France, Japan, … etc. Owning profound charisma, the ancient Chinese product of wisdom provides unceasing treasury of edification, deep cerebration, and pragmatic core concept. It has been spread for two thousand years ago, and still prevails among the world now. So long can it be spread, not only it has the remarkable idea of an epoch, but also it has different and flexible elucidation for various environments and conditions. Thus, Sun Zi’s Art of War can be applied in a variety of domains, e.g. military, diplomacy, economy, education, culture, management…etc. Especially it is famous that US has applied the Sun Zi’s Art of War in conducting in real war operation, and Japan has studied it for a long time and applied it in the business management. Thus, there must be much more enlightenment in the application of Sun Zi’s Art of War for business management, particularly in the area of leadership, strategy, innovation and decision.
The main purpose of this study is to use qualitative method to probe the implication of Sun Zi’s Art of War, and to apply them in the area of leadership, strategy, innovation and decision. The conclusions of this research are:
1. In the domain of leadership, we get 2 important points: (1) Leadership is a matter of intelligence, trustworthiness, humaneness, courage, and sternness (Strategic Assessments);(2) If you know your soldiers are capable of striking, but do not know whether the enemy is invulnerable to a strike, you have half a chance of winning. If you know the enemy is vulnerable to a strike, but do not know if your soldiers are incapable of making such a strike, you have half a chance of winning. If you know the enemy is vulnerable to a strike, and know your soldiers can make the strike, but do not know if the lay of the land makes it unsuitable for battle, you have half a chance of winning. Therefore those who know martial arts do not wander when they move, and do not become exhausted when they rise up. So it is said that when you know yourself and others, victory is not in danger; when you know sky and earth, victory is inexhaustible. (Terrains ). The requisitions of a leader are to cultivate the style of majesty, to adapt himself to circumstances, to be a model of virtue for others, to adopt the honesty opinions, to absorb the profound knowledge, and to act enthusiastically and actively.
2. In the domain of strategy, we get 2 important points: (1) The general rule for use of the military is that it is better to keep a nation intact than to destroy it. It is better to keep an army intact than to destroy it, better to keep a division intact than to destroy it, better to keep a battalion intact than to destroy it, better to keep a unit intact than to destroy it (Planning A Siege); (2)Therefore those who win every battle are not really skillful -- those who render others' armies helpless without fighting are the best of all ( Planning A Siege). Firstly, we use the “the judgement of structure” in the processes of strategic planning to analyze the internal and external environments of an enterprise, then define the problems clearly. Secondly, “the number in mind” can be used in knowing the SWOT of a company. Thirdly, “action in the selection of advantage” can plan the initiatives. Fourthly, “the judgement of structure” can analyze the feasibility of initiatives. Fifthly, “the creation of environments”, “win without fight”, “usage of detour and direct”….etc., will ascertain the future strategies. Sixthly, energize the organization to execute the ascertained strategies. Seventhly, to evolve a new style of strategy and to accumulate the resources. Eighthly, combine with the first item, then constitute an integral and effective process of planning.
3. In the domain of innovation ,we get 2 important points: (1) Therefore one who is good at martial arts overcomes others' forces without battle, conquers others' cities without siege, destroys others' nations without taking a long time. It is imperative to contest all factions for complete victory, so the army is not garrisoned and the profit can be total. This is the law of strategic siege ( Planning A Siege); (2) So to fail to know the conditions of opponents because of reluctance to give rewards for intelligence is extremely inhumane, uncharacteristic of a true military leader, uncharacteristic of an assistant of the government, uncharacteristic of a victorious chief ( Use Of Spies). The requisitions of a successful innovation are selection of an adequate leader, correct and precise diagnosis, determination of action plan, sincere and sufficient communication, right procession of innovation, and exactness of examination.
4. In the domain of decision ,we get 2 important points: (1) The flow of water is determined by the earth, the victory of a military force is determined by the opponent. So a military force has no constant formation, water has no constant shape: the ability to gain victory by changing and adapting according to the opponent is called genius (Emptiness and Fullness); (2)According to the rule of military operations, there are nine kinds of grounds.(Nine Grounds). According to the principles of resolution, emptiness & fullness, change, swiftness, completeness, advantages, scrutinization make decisions, Sun Zi believed that such principles will make the decisions easier to implement successfully.

目次 Table of Contents
目 錄

第一章 緒 論
第一節 研究背景.....................1
第二節 研究動機.....................7
第三節 研究目的.....................10
第四節 研究方法.....................11
第五節 研究架構.....................12
第二章 文獻探討
第一節 領導面之探討...................15
第二節 策略面之探討...................36
第三節 變革面之探討...................68
第四節 決策面之探討...................86
第三章 孫子兵法對領導的啟發 .............97
第一節 孫子兵法對領導之重要啟示.............97
第二節 論述孫子兵法其他之領導原則............103
第三節 領導循環之探討..................117
第四章 孫子兵法對策略的啟發 .............120
第一節 孫子兵法對策略之重要啟示..............121
第二節 論述孫子兵法其他之策略..............122
第三節 小結.......................145
第五章 孫子兵法對企業變革的啟發 ...........149
第一節 孫子兵法對變革之重要啟示.............149
第二節 論述孫子兵法有關成功變革之其他原則........151
第三節 小結.......................176
第六章 孫子兵法對決策的啟發..............181
第一節 孫子兵法對變革之重要啟示.............182
第二節 論述孫子兵法有關決策的其他原則..........184
第三節 小結.......................202
第七章 結論與後續研究建議
第一節 結論.......................229
第二節 後續研究建議...................222
參考文獻 .........................224
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