生殖的月、半月律動於淺海域生物上十分常見，在某些物種上，律動為內生性的，這些律動受到生物體內類似時鐘的機制所調控，然而其餘物種的規律性行為則完全依賴環境因子的提示。本研究針對多毛類－雙齒圍沙蠶族群的群婚行為，探討兩個問題：

（1）雙齒圍沙蠶是否具有內生性近半月的生物時鐘?相對應的假說為雙齒圍沙蠶的半月律動完全依賴外界環境因子的提示。根據近日律動的三個特性：律動可校調、律動可自走以及律動之週期具有溫度補償效應，我們設計相關的實驗，結果證實雙齒圍沙蠶的群婚律動具有上述三項特性，並且群婚律動週期約為15天，為近半月律動。

（2）群婚近半月律動的週期是如何決定的?我們提出三大假說，分別為「計算內生性日鐘的律動次數」、「階梯式的程序累計」與「可自續的內生性計時器」，根據上述假說我們設計五組不同光暗週期的處理，分別為「恆亮」、「恆暗」、「22.4小時」、「24小時」以及「25.6小時」，驗證上述假說。實驗結果顯示五組處理的律動週期均為15天左右，此外群婚高峰的日期（phase）不受環境中一日內光暗週期影響，因此僅「可自續的內生性計時器」的假說被支持。

Lunar/semilunar rhythms of reproductive activities are common in shallow seas. In a few species, the rhythms are endogenous, i.e., controlled by a clock-like mechanism of the organisms. In other species, the environmental factors alone cue the cyclic behavior. In this study, we focus on two questions of the swarming phenomenon in a polychaeta worm, Perinereis aibuhitensis.

The first is whether an endogenous circa(semi)lunar clock is involved. The alternative hypothesis is that the worms are simply responding directly to the external environmental factors that has lunar/semilunar cycles. According to the three characters of circadian rhythms (entrainment, free-running and temperature compensation), we designed three experiments to investigate the property of the semilunar rhythm. The results showed the swarming rhythm of Perinereis aibuhitensis was endogenous and with about 15-day period. It’s a circasemilunar rhythm.

The second question is how the period of this endogenous rhythm is determined. We raised a total of three hypotheses, i.e., “Counting endogenous circadian cycle”, “Sequence of stages” and “Self-sustaining oscillator”. We designed 5 treatments “constant dark”, “constant light”, “22.4h L/D period”, “24h L/D period” and “25.6h L/D period” five different light-dark cycles to test the hypotheses. The result showed that the period of five groups were all about 15 days, and the phases of swarming peaks won’t be affected by environmental light-dark cycle, so the hypothesis of a self-sustaining oscillator independent of light/dark condition is supported.

論文審定書.................................................................................................... i
謝辭............................................................................................................. ii
中文摘要.......................................................................................................iii
英文摘要.......................................................................................................iv
前言..............................................................................................................1
問題一、雙齒圍沙蠶是否具有內生性近半月的生物時鐘? ...............................6
問題二、群婚近半月週期是如何調控?.........................................................6
材料與方法....................................................................................................7
材料..............................................................................................................7
方法............................................................................................................11
結果............................................................................................................15
實驗一、群婚律動是否具有自走（free-running）能力?................................15
實驗二、月光因子是否為雙齒圍沙蠶群婚律動的趨集因子?..........................15
實驗三、生殖律動之週期是否具有溫度補償效應?.......................................16
實驗四、生殖律動之週期是如何形成?（共用水體)......................................17
實驗五、生殖律動之週期是如何形成?（獨立水體)......................................18
討論.............................................................................................................21
參考文獻......................................................................................................25
表................................................................................................................32
圖................................................................................................................35
附錄.............................................................................................................49

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