本研究進行兩次飼育實驗，分別探討飼料中植酸含量及植物原料去除植酸對海鱺幼魚成長及磷、鋅、鐵利用率之影響。實驗ㄧ中，以魚粉及小麥麵筋為蛋白源配製之基礎飼料，分別添加0、5、10、15、20 g/kg diet 的植酸。初重20克的海鱺幼魚經八週之飼育，植酸的添加量對增重率、飼料轉換率、蛋白質效率、凈蛋白質利用率及魚體粗成份皆無顯著影響，但顯著影響魚體、脊椎骨、血清、糞便的鋅含量，植酸添加2%組的魚體鋅含量比0%控制組減少10.2%，脊椎骨與血清的鋅含量隨著植酸添加量增加而降低，植酸添加2%組的脊椎骨鋅含量比0%控制組減少22.3%，糞便的鋅含量與植酸添加量成正比。實驗二中，實驗飼料均為等蛋白質、等油脂及等能量，共九種，包括含421g/kg魚粉之控制組、以大豆粉取代魚粉蛋白40或50%，及以菜籽粕取代魚粉蛋白30或40%三類。為了解植物蛋白去除植酸的影響，另以大豆粉及菜籽粕經植酸酶處理除去90.9~94.6%所含的植酸，取代比例和未去除植酸者相同。初重94克的海鱺幼魚經八週之飼育，各取代組的成長、飼料轉換效率、蛋白質效率與凈蛋白質利用率皆劣於控制組。與菜籽粕相比，餵食含大豆粉飼料的海鱺，有較佳的增重率、飼料轉換率及淨蛋白質利用率。海鱺餵食植酸酶預處理之植物蛋白，魚體和脊椎骨的灰份、磷、鋅及鐵含量和餵食未處理之植物蛋白的組別並無顯著差異。因此，飼料的植酸會降鋅的生物可利用率，海鱺的成長表現及飼料品質顯示大豆粉比菜籽粕更適合作為魚粉的替代蛋白源，植酸的去除對提升海鱺幼魚的磷、鋅與鐵利用率並無幫助。

Two feeding trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary phytic acid contents and removal of phytate from plant protein sources on growth and utilization of phosphorus, zinc and iron in juvenile cobia. In experimental I, test diets were formulated by adding phytic acid, 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 g/kg diet to the basal diet that used fish meal and wheat gluten as the protein source. Juvenile cobia with an initial weight of 20g were fed the test diets for 8 weeks. No significant difference among fish groups was found in percent weight gain, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency, net protein utilization and body composition. Dietary phytic acid level significantly affected zinc concentrations in body, vertebra, serum and feces. Body zinc concentration in fish fed diet containing 2% phytic acid was 10.2% lower than the control group. Vertebra and serum zinc concentrations decreased with increasing dietary phytic acid levels, vertebra zinc concentration in fish fed diet containing 2% phytic acid was 22.3% lower than the control group. The dietary phytic acid concentration was positively related to the fecal zinc concentration. In experimental II, nine isonitrogenous, isolipid and isocaloric diets were formulated including control diet that contained 421g/kg fish meal, and four test diets with fish meal protein in control diet being replaced by 40 or 50% with soybean meal or by 30% or 40% with canola meal respectively. Another four test diets used dephytinized soybean or canola meal after phytase treatments removed 90.9~94.6% of phytate. Juvenile cobia with an initial weight of 94g were fed the test diets for 8 weeks. Growth, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency and net protein utilization of fish fed diets containing plant proteins were poorer than control group. Better weight gain, feed conversion ratio and net protein utilization were observed in those groups fed diets contained soybean meal rather than canola meal. Ash, phosphorus, zinc and iron contents of whole body and vertebra in cobia fed phytase-pretreated plant protein were not significantly different from groups of fish fed raw plant protein. In conclusion, dietary phytic acid reduced the zinc bioavailability. Performance of cobia as well as diet quality indicated that soybean meal as the better alternative protein source for fish meal than canola meal. Dephytinization had no positive effect on utilization of phosphorus, zinc and iron in juvenile cobia.

中文摘要…………………………………………………………………………………………I
英文摘要…………………………………………………………………………………………II
目錄………………………………………………………………………………………………IV
表目錄……………………………………………………………………………………………V
圖目錄…………………………………………………………………………………………VII
第一章 文獻回顧………………………………………………………………………………1
第二章 實驗一、飼料中添加植酸對海鱺幼魚成長的影響…………………………………14
2.1 前言……………………………………………………………………………………15
2.2 材料與方法……………………………………………………………………………17
2.3 結果……………………………………………………………………………………31
2.4 討論……………………………………………………………………………………44
第三章 實驗二、飼料中添加去植酸植物蛋白對海鱺幼魚成長的影響 ……………………48
3.1 前言……………………………………………………………………………………49
3.2 材料與方法……………………………………………………………………………51
3.3 結果……………………………………………………………………………………58
3.4 討論……………………………………………………………………………………71
第四章 結論……………………………………………………………………………………74
參考文獻…………………………………………………………………………………………75
表一、飼料原料中植酸及植酸磷之含量………………………………………………………..3
表二、六類含鋅酵素……………………………………………………………………………..9
表三、實驗ㄧ之飼料配方………………………………………………………………………19
表四、實驗飼料中魚粉、小麥蛋白、大豆粉、菜籽粕、去植酸大豆粉及去植酸菜
籽粕之一般成份組成……………………………………………………………………20
表五、實驗飼料中魚粉、大豆粉、菜籽粕、去植酸大豆粉及去植酸菜籽粕之磷、鋅及鐵的濃度………………………………………………………………………………………21
表六、實驗ㄧ飼料的一般成分組成……………………………………………………………22
表七、實驗ㄧ飼料的磷、鋅、鐵的濃度………………………………………………………23
表八、海鱺餵食不同植酸添加量的飼料八週之增重率、飼料轉換率、蛋白質效率
、淨蛋白質利用率和存活率……………………………………………………………34
表九、海鱺餵食不同植酸添加量的飼料八週之肥滿度及肝體比……………………………35
表十、海鱺餵食不同植酸添加量的飼料八週之全魚魚體組成………………………………36
表十一、海鱺餵食不同植酸添加量的飼料八週之全魚魚體的磷、鋅和鐵含量……………37
表十二、海鱺餵食不同植酸添加量的飼料八週之脊椎骨的灰份、磷、鋅和鐵含量………38
表十三、海鱺餵食不同植酸添加量的飼料八週之肝臟的磷、鋅和鐵含量…………………39
表十四、海鱺餵食不同植酸添加量的飼料八週之血清的磷、鋅和鐵含量…………………40
表十五、海鱺餵食不同植酸添加量的飼料八週的血清天門冬胺酸轉胺酵素活性、
丙胺酸轉胺酵素活性、總蛋白質、三酸甘油脂和膽固醇含量……………………41
表十六、海鱺餵食不同植酸添加量的飼料八週的表面乾物消化率及鋅的消化率…………42
表十七、海鱺餵食不同植酸添加量的飼料八週之糞便的磷、鋅和鐵含量…………………43
表十八、實驗二之飼料配方……………………………………………………………………54
表十九、實驗二飼料的一般成分組成…………………………………………………………55
表二十、實驗二飼料的磷、鋅、鐵的濃度……………………………………………………56
表二十一、海鱺餵食實驗二飼料八週之增重率、飼料轉換率、蛋白質效率、淨蛋
白質利用率和存活率………………………………………………………………61
表二十二、海鱺餵食實驗二飼料八週之肥滿度及肝體比……………………………………62
表二十三、海鱺餵食實驗二飼料八週之增重率、飼料轉換率、蛋白質效率和淨蛋
白質利用率的2×2×2三向變方分析之結果………………………………………63
表二十四、海鱺餵食實驗二飼料八週之肥滿度及肝體比的2×2×2三向變方分析結果……64
表二十五、海鱺餵食實驗二飼料八週之全魚魚體組成 ………………………………………65
表二十六、海鱺餵食實驗二飼料八週之全魚魚體組成的2×2×2三向變方分析結果………66
表二十七、海鱺餵食實驗二飼料八週之全魚魚體的磷、鋅和鐵含量 ………………………67
表二十八、海鱺餵食實驗二飼料八週之脊椎骨的灰份、磷、鋅和鐵含量 …………………68
表二十九、海鱺餵食實驗二飼料八週之全魚魚體的磷、鋅和鐵含量的2×2×2三向
變方分析結果 ……………………………………………………………………....69
表三十、海鱺餵食實驗二飼料八週之脊椎骨的磷、鋅和鐵含量的2×2×2三向變方
分析結果………………………………………………………………………………70
圖一、pH與金屬離子對植酸型態的影響及植酸分子結構……………………………………2
圖二、植酸酶作用示意圖………………………………………………………………………..6
圖三、海鱺餵食不同植酸添加量的飼料八週之成長曲線……………………………………33
圖四、植酸酶作用不同時間後大豆粉及菜籽粕所含的植酸量………………………………53
圖五、鱺餵食實驗二飼料之成長曲線…………………………………………………………60

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