本研究利用在濁水溪河口三角洲及潮坪表層沉積物粒徑的分佈作為示蹤劑，藉此瞭解沉積物季節性的傳輸途徑和來源，採樣時間分別為2010年5月 (枯水季)及9月 (豐水季)。藉由McLaren-Bowles方法和衍生的Gao-Collins粒徑傳輸趨勢分析技術、多變數分析方法和顆粒有機碳/氮莫耳比，探討此區在枯、豐水季沉積物傳輸趨勢的變化和來源。
結果顯示研究地區之表層沉積物粒徑分佈，大致由陸地往外海方向，粒徑組成為黏土至中砂，其中極細砂僅分佈在河口三角洲上。泥因豐水季時期輸出大量的泥質沉積物，及低能量的沉積物傳輸，使得在豐水季期間上潮坪泥的含量相較於枯水季來的多。沉積物分佈型態的分析中，豐水季河流輸出對沉積物分佈影響最小，主要原因為濁水溪河流所攜帶主要以細顆粒沉積物為主，因為逕流強大部分的沉積物直接輸往外海，僅少部份的沉積物受到漲潮流影響輸送至潮坪。
McLaren-Bowles方法結果顯示沉積物傳輸途徑可分為兩種: (1)濁水溪河流輸出沉積物至外海，繼而受到沿岸流的作用下沿東北-西南方向傳輸，(2) 漲潮流將濁水溪輸出的沉積物分別往北和往東方向通過河口三角洲和潮溝傳輸至潮坪。Gao-Collins方法分析結果，沉積物傳輸季節性變化在三角洲前緣最為明顯，在豐水季時期傳輸往海方向，枯水季則是朝陸地方向傳輸。潮坪上的沉積物傳輸趨勢往外海方向主要是受到退潮時採樣的影響。

This study used the sediment samples collected in May (dry season) and September (wet season) 2010 in a river delta and tidal flat complex around Jhoushuei River mouth in Central Taiwan to examine seasonal sediment transport pathways and sources. Four different approaches were used in the analysis of grain-size distribution pattern. They include (1) the McLaren-Bowles method, and (2) the transport vector technique (Gao-Collins method), and (3) a combination of `filtering' and the empirical orthogonal (eigen) function (EOF) analysis technique, and (4) C/N elemental ratios of organic sediments.
The results of surface grain size distributions of sediment range from clay to medium sand towards the sea, and very fine sand deposited in the river delta. On the upper tidal flat, mud content of the wet season is higher than dry season due to higher river output of organic sediment and low-energy sediment transport. In wet season, according to the fine-grained sediment from the Jhoushuei River is therefore mainly discharged to the offshore area and little remain around the tidal flat, the influence of river on the grain-size distribution is the least.
The results based on McLaren-Bowles method indicate that there were two type sediment transport pathways, (1) the river carried sediment to the coast, then alone the northeast-southwest direction by the longshore current, and (2) during the flood tide, the riverine sediment move to northeast and east through the river delta and tidal creek to the upper tidal flat, respectively. The results based on Gao-Collins method indicate that there was possible seasonal variation of sediment transport pathways on the river delta front, where the significant transport was seaward in the wet season whereas the transport was the opposite in the dry season. On the tidal flat, the model results indicate that seaward transport seems to be controlled by ebb tidal current perhaps due to the sampling at low-tide.

目 錄
誌謝 i
中文摘要 ii
英文摘要 iv
目錄 vi
圖目錄 x
表目錄 xiii
第一章 前言 1
1-1河口三角洲及潮坪地貌控制因素 2
1-1.1潮坪沉積物傳輸 5
1-2應用沉積物粒徑判別傳輸趨勢 6
1-3沉積物有機碳/氮莫耳比 9
1-4研究目的 10
第二章 研究區域 11
2-1 地理位置及流域介紹 11
2-1.1 氣候和河流水文特性 12
2-1.2 流域地質概況 14
2-2海洋作用 15
2-2.1波浪 16
2-2.2潮汐 16
2-2.3海流 19
2-2.4漂沙 19
2-3沖淡水擴散型態 21
2-4濁水溪河口海岸 21
第三章 研究方法 25
3-1表層沉積物採樣 25
3-2沉積物樣本分析 29
3-3沉積物傳輸趨勢分析 32
3-3.1 McLaren and Bowles方法 32
3-3.2 Gao and Collins方法 34
3-4沉積物分佈型態分析 38
3-4.1偏離場建立 38
3-4.2經驗正交函數分析 39
第四章 結果 42
4-1枯、豐水季沉積物粒徑空間分佈 42
4-1.1枯、豐水季沉積物粒徑空間分佈變化 49
4-2表層粒徑參數分佈結果 51
4-3有機碳、氮分佈和有機碳/氮莫耳比值之空間分佈 55
4-4 McLaren and Bowles方法之結果 56
4-4.1枯水季濁水溪河口三角洲及潮坪沉積物傳輸途徑型態 60
4-4.2豐水季濁水溪河口三角洲及潮坪沉積物傳輸途徑型態 62
4-5 Gao and Collins 方法之結果 64
4-5.1枯水季濁水溪河口三角洲及潮坪傳輸趨勢分析結果 64
4-5.2豐水季濁水溪河口三角洲及潮坪傳輸趨勢分析結果 65
4-6經驗函數分析結果 68
4-6.1影響沉積物分佈型態的各種可能因子之假設 68
4-6.2偏離場經由經驗函數分析後結果 70
4-7枯水季偏離場結果 74
4-7.1枯水季各偏離場第一種模態的比較 74
4-7.2枯水季各偏離場第二種模態的比較 75
4-8豐水季偏離場結果 79
4-8.1豐水季各偏離場第一種模態的比較 79
4-8.2豐水季各偏離場第二種模態的比較 80
4-9枯、豐水季碎屑性沉積物和有機碳、氮EOF分析結果 81
第五章 討論 85
5-1枯、豐水季沉積物粒徑空間分佈 85
5-1.1枯、豐水季沉積物粒徑空間變化 85
5-2枯、豐水季沉積物傳輸機制及途徑 85
5-2.1枯水季傳輸機制 86
5-2.2枯水季傳輸途徑和趨勢 87
5-2.3豐水季傳輸機制 88
5-2.4豐水季傳輸途徑和趨勢 89
5-2.5沉積物傳輸和季節變化 89
5-3枯、豐水季有機碳、氮空間分佈 90
5-3.1枯、豐水季有機碳/氮莫耳比分佈 91
第六章 結論 92
參考文獻 94
附錄 104

圖目錄
圖1-1三角洲地形根據潮汐、波浪及河流三角分類圖 3
圖1-2三角洲地形根據潮汐、波浪、河流及粒徑分類圖 4
圖1-3潮坪海岸地貌根據潮汐、波浪及粒徑分類圖 4
圖2-1濁水溪流域圖 11
圖2-2麥寮全年風向玫瑰圖 12
圖2-3溪州大橋流量站 13
圖2-4 修改海岸沉積環境分類 17
圖2-5 濁水溪近岸潮流流場模擬結果 18
圖2-6濁水溪出海口各個不同時期沖淡水衛星影像 23
圖2-7 濁水溪河口三角洲及潮坪漲、退潮衛星影像 24
圖3-1 實驗流程圖 26
圖3-2枯、豐水季沉積物站位分佈圖 27
圖3-3抓泥器示意圖 28
圖3-4二維沉積物輸運趨勢分析步驟示意圖 37
圖3-5去除雜訊概念圖 37
圖3-6數值內插進行補點方法 37
圖3-7 建立偏離場流程圖 40
圖3-8 EOF分析流程圖 41
圖4-1枯、豐水季表層沉積物之黏土粒徑群空間分佈 43
圖4-2枯、豐水季表層沉積物之粉砂粒徑群空間分佈 44
圖4-3枯、豐水季表層沉積物之極細砂粒徑群空間分佈 45
圖4-4枯、豐水季表層沉積物之細砂粒徑群空間分佈 46
圖4-5枯、豐水季表層沉積物之中砂粒徑群空間分佈 47
圖4-6枯、豐水季表層沉積物之粗砂粒徑群空間分佈 48
圖4-7枯、豐水季表層沉積物之各個粒徑群空間分佈變化 50
圖4-8枯、豐水季表層沉積物粒徑之平均粒徑空間分佈圖 52
圖4-9枯、豐水季表層沉積物粒徑之淘選度空間分佈圖 53
圖4-10枯、豐水季表層沉積物粒徑之歪斜度空間分佈圖 54
圖4-11枯、豐水季表層沉積物有機碳空間分佈圖 57
圖4-12枯、豐水季表層沉積物總氮空間分佈圖 58
圖4-13枯、豐水季表層沉積物有機碳/氮莫耳比空間分佈圖 59
圖4-14枯、豐水季濁水溪河口三角洲及潮坪假設的傳輸路徑 61
圖4-15枯、豐水季濁水溪河口三角洲及潮坪表層沉積物傳輸途徑示意圖 66
圖4-16枯、豐水季濁水溪河口三角洲及潮坪表層沉積物傳輸趨勢圖 67
圖4-17 研究地區內各個假設因子之採樣點位分佈圖 71
圖4-18 碎屑性沉積物各假設因子之平均粒徑組成分佈圖 72
圖4-19 各假設因子與原始資料經過EOF分析後所得到前特徵兩種模態累積變異度 73
圖4-20 枯水季三種假設因子的第一種模態 76
圖4-21 枯水季三種假設因子的第二種模態 78
圖4-22 豐水季三種假設因子的第一種模態 82
圖4-23 豐水季三種假設因子的第二種模態 83
圖4-24 枯、豐水季碎屑性沉積物和有機碳、氮經由經驗函數分析結果 84
表目錄
表2-1世界前25高輸砂量的河流 13
表2-2麥寮潮位站，1998~2010年實測潮位分析表 17
表2-3濁水溪近岸海域海流 20
表2-4濁水溪出海口各個不同時期潮汐、流量及風向表 22
表3-1 Udden-Wentworth粒徑等級規範 31
表3-2粒徑參數組合 34

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