本研究調查墾丁國家公園之南灣礁區 (GPS: 21o56'00'N；120o50'10'E) 及眺石礁區 (GPS: 21o55'30'N; 120o 50'40'E) 的大型海藻的種類豐度、覆蓋率及單位面積生物量在1999-2000年的變化，及探討營養鹽與溫度對大型海藻單位面積生物量時間變化的影響。大型海藻群聚及總單位面積生物量有明顯的時間變化，在3-4月達最大量，單位面積生物量最大的南灣馬尾藻及眺石松藻是總單位面積生物量時間變化的主因。南灣最大總單位面積生物量在1999年與2000年間沒有差異而眺石則有差異，食用松藻單位面積生物量是眺石最大總單位面積生物量年度差異主因。
南灣及眺石海水優養化可能是造成大型海藻單位面積生物量明顯增加的原因，藻體營養分析、室內營養鹽添加與不添加處理、bioassay及 in situ細胞外磷酸分解酵素活性證明重緣葉馬尾藻、食用松藻及大石蓴的營養鹽限制因子在初期是磷而快速生長期是氮而滸苔、傘房龍鬚菜及乳頭凹頂藻是磷。溫度是大型海藻幼生發育啟動時間及單位面積生物量達最大量，隨後死亡之時間的影響因子。本研究認為減低海水營養鹽含量是避免大型海藻再繼續增生的有效管理方法。

Temporary changes in macroalgal abundance, percentage cover and areal biomass were surveyed on Nanwan (GPS: 21o56'00'N; 120o50'10'E) and Tiaoshi (GPS: 21o55'30'N; 120o 50'40'E) reefs (Kenting, Taiwan, Republic of China), during 1999-2000. Community structure and areal biomass showed significant changes in time and the maximal biomass was observed during March-April due to Sargassum spp. at Nanwan and Codium spp. at Tiaoshi. The maximal total areal biomass is not different between two years for Nanwan but significantly different for Tiaoshi mainly due to a marked biomass of Codium edule during 2000.
Eutrophication on Nanwan and Tiaoshi reefs is the main cause for macroalgal blooming. Tissue composition analysis, nutrient enrichment and starvation treatments, bioassay and in situ extracellular alkaline phosphatase activity determination showed that growth of Sargassum duplicatum, Codium edule and Ulva latuca were limited by phosphorus during the early growth period while nitrogen during the fast growth period. Growth of Enteromorpha linza, Gracilaria coronopifolia and Laurencia papillosa were limited by phosphorus. Water temperature is the factor affecting the time for the start of development of young shoots and also for the peak of areal biomass and subsequent die-off of thallus. This investigation suggests that the reduction of water nutrient levels is an effective way in the retardation of over-growth of macroalgae on Nanwan and Tiaoshi reefs.

目錄

章次 頁數
一、緒論…………………………………………………………….... 1
二、材料與分析方法………………………………………………… 10
1. 野外採樣區域設定及採樣方式…………………… … …. 10
2. 不同營養鹽添加處理試驗………………………………… 12
3. 溫度對六種藻類生長之影響……………………………… 14
4. 分析方法…………………………………………………… 14
5. 統計分析…………………………………………………… 21
三、結果……………………………………………………………. 22
四、討論與結論……………………………………………………. 75
五、參考文獻………………………………………………………. 87
附錄.………………………………………………………………… 95
個人履歷……………………………………………………………. 96






表目錄

表次 頁數
表1A. 酚呈色法、元素儀及凱氏氮法測定氮之比較。…………….… 17
表1B. 重鉻酸鉀滴定還原法及元素儀測定碳之比較。……………… 17
表2. 南灣樣區海水 "可溶性無機氮 : 可溶性無機磷" 及 "可溶性
無機氮 : 總可溶性磷" 莫耳濃度比的時間序列變化。……….. 31
表3. 眺石樣區海水 "可溶性無機氮 : 可溶性無機磷" 及 "可溶性
無機氮 : 總可溶性磷" 莫耳濃度比的時間序列變化。……….. 33
表4、2000年1-8月南灣及眺石樣區孔隙水可溶性無機氮、硝酸、
亞硝酸、氨、總可溶性磷、可溶性無機磷及可溶性有機磷含
量的時間序列變化。樣區底質可溶性無機氮、可溶性無機磷
及可溶性有機磷含量的時間序列變化。………………………… 36
表5. 南灣及眺石樣區大型海藻種類相之時間序列變化。……….…... 38
表6. 不同溫度與營養鹽組合對六種大型海藻比生長速率之影響的
複因子變方分析表。………………………………….………….. 46
表7. 1999年1月-2000年8月六種大型海藻藻體氮、磷含量與其氮
、磷的critical及subsistence levels 之比較。…………………… 63
表8. 六種大型海藻藻體氮磷的critical及subsistence levels。…….….. 74
附錄1. 世界各珊瑚礁海域之海水平均DIN與DIP含量 (μM) 及
DIN/DIP的莫耳濃度比。………………….………………….. 96


圖目錄

圖次 頁數
圖1. 南灣及眺石採樣區。……….……………………………………… 11
圖2. 1999-2000年中央氣象局恆春地區每月氣象資料。………….….. 24
圖3. 南灣及眺石樣區的水溫與鹽度時間序列變化。……………….... 26
圖4. 南灣樣區海水可溶性無機氮、硝酸、亞硝酸、氨含量及總可溶
性磷、可溶性有機磷及可溶性無機磷含量時間序列變化。….... 30
圖5. 眺石樣區海水可溶性無機氮、硝酸、亞硝酸、氨含量及總可溶
性磷、可溶性有機磷及可溶性無機磷含量時間序列變化。……. 32
圖6. 南灣樣區小排水溝可溶性無機氮、硝酸、亞硝酸、氨含量及總
可溶性磷、可溶性有機磷及可溶性無機磷含量時間序列變化。 35
圖7. 不同溫度與營養鹽組合對六種大型海藻比生長速率的影響。…. 45
圖8. 南灣及眺石樣區大型海藻總覆蓋率及總單位面積生物量時間序
列變化。……………………………….……………………………. 49
圖9. 南灣樣區五種大型海藻覆蓋率及單位面積生物量時間序列變化。 50
圖10. 眺石樣區食用松藻覆蓋率及單位面積生物量時間序列變化。... 51
圖11. 滸苔藻體碳、氮及磷含量與碳/氮、碳/磷及氮/磷莫耳濃度比
的時間序列變化。………………………………………………... 57
圖12. 大石蓴藻體碳、氮及磷含量與碳/氮、碳/磷及氮/磷莫耳濃度
比的時間序列變化。..…………………………………………… 58
圖13. 重緣葉馬尾藻藻體碳、氮及磷含量與碳/氮、碳/磷及氮/磷莫
耳濃度比的時間序列變化。…………………………………….. 59
圖14. 傘房龍鬚菜藻體碳、氮及磷含量與碳/氮、碳/磷及氮/磷莫耳
濃度比的時間序列變化。……………………………………….. 60
圖15. 乳頭凹頂藻藻體碳、氮及磷含量與碳/氮、碳/磷及氮/磷莫耳
濃度比的時間序列變化。……………………………………….. 61
圖16. 食用松藻藻體碳、氮及磷含量與碳/氮、碳/磷及氮/磷莫耳濃
度比的時間序列變化。…………………………………………… 62
圖17. 六種大型海藻的in situ細胞外磷酸分解酵素活性的時間
序列變化。…………………………………………………….…... 64
圖18. 1999年11月至2000年1月及2000年3-4月之六種大型海藻
的氮磷bioassay。………………………………………………… 67
圖19. 營養添加及不添加處理對滸苔的比生長速率 (A), 藻體氮 (B)
及磷 (C)含量。…………………………………………………… 68
圖20. 營養添加及不添加處理對大石蓴的比生長速率 (A)，藻體氮
(B) 及磷 (C) 含量。…………………………………………….. 69
圖21. 營養添加及不添加處理對重緣葉馬尾藻的比生長速率 (A)，
藻體氮 (B) 及磷 (C) 含量。……………………………………. 70
圖22. 營養添加及不添加處理對傘房龍鬚菜的比生長速率 (A)，藻
體氮 (B) 及磷 (C) 含量。……………………………………… 71
圖23. 營養添加及不添加處理對乳頭凹頂藻的比生長速率 (A)，藻
體氮 (B) 及磷 (C) 含量。……………………………………… 72
圖24. 營養添加及不添加處理對食用松藻的比生長速率 (A)，藻體
氮 (B) 及磷 (C) 含量。………………………………………… 73

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