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博碩士論文 etd-0215111-151625 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0215111-151625
論文名稱
Title
多方向調諧液柱阻尼器應用於結構減振之研究
Multi-directional tuned liquid column dampers for vibration mitigation experiment of structures
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
149
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2011-01-20
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2011-02-15
關鍵字
Keywords
調諧液柱阻尼器
TLCD
統計
Statistics
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中文摘要
調諧液柱阻尼器(Tuned Liquid Column Damper,TLCD)為一種U形管,管內之空間填以液體所構成的被動式阻尼器,若將調諧液柱阻尼器裝設在結構物中適當的位置,可以形成新的結構系統,當系統受到外力作用而產生振動時,同時引發管內液體流動,改變結構物的動力行為,提升結構物的阻尼比,近而減少結構物受振時的振動程度。
多方向調諧液柱阻尼器為一種圓弧狀的阻尼器,水平段是由環狀所構成,又在垂直段與水平段交界面加裝孔口墊片以提升其阻尼比,孔口的形狀為矩形,而垂直段斷面積與墊片孔口之面積比稱為開度。
本文主要以實驗的方式探討多方向調諧液柱阻尼器的減震特性,以前人研究之考慮阻尼器加裝孔口時的控制方程式,使用等值線性化方法將非線性阻尼等效成一線性等效阻尼,針對內裝孔口墊片測試計算等效阻尼需要的各項參數,且實做模型以自由振盪的方式測量其實際阻尼比,配合最佳阻尼比之概念設計出特定範圍阻尼比之被動式多方向TLCD,以此阻尼器放置於經過設計的門型鋼架上進行振動台之簡諧外力試驗,在不同的振幅與頻率之外力下,對原始尺寸之多方向TLCD(孔口開度64.3%)與施加墊片之多方向TLCD(孔口開度43%、18%)進行三者減振效果之比較。
經實驗結果可以發現在外力與結構共振時多方向TLCD有加裝孔口墊片者較能發揮好的減振效果,其中孔口開度18%又優於孔口開度43%。
Abstract
A modified liquid column damper (TLCD), of which the space inside the tube filled with liquid material is applied to structure, for damping purpose. Installed with the tuned liquid column damper, the vibration of structure system caused by external force may be mitigated by the TLCD device due to the sloshing motion of, the liquid in the tube.
The traditional TLCD was modified into a multi-directional TLCD, which is a damper of arc-shaped circular, tube. The horizontal part was designed into a ring that may connect to dampers of other directions while, the vertical part was modified into an arc shape that may function similar to traditional vertical TLCD but provide a wider space between the arc columns.
The study on multi-directional tuned liquid column dampers mainly focused on basic characteristics of the damper and the behavior of structures equipped with the new developed dampers subjected to dynamic forces. Based on the theorem of TLCD, the governing equation of multi-directional TLCD was re-derived. The parameters related to damping ratio were measured in the experiment, where a model of free vibration was performed. A multi-directional TLCD system with various damping ratio was designed in harmony with optimal damping ratio.
In the experimental results, it was found that during a resonant excitation with the structure, a multi-directional TLCD can have good damping effect, particularly when the, orifice opening is 18%.
目次 Table of Contents
論文審定書 i
誌謝 ii
中文摘要 iii
英文摘要 iv
目錄 vi
表目錄 viii
圖目錄 ix
照片目錄 xxii
符號說明 xxiii
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 研究背景及目的 1
1-2 文獻回顧 2
1-3 研究方法及對象 3
1-4 本文架構 4
第二章 多方向TLCD之理論解析 5
2-1 多方向可調節TLCD之介紹說明 5
2-2 多方向TLCD之控制方程式 5
2-3 結構物附加多方向TLCD之控制方程式 8
2-4 動力放大因子 9
2-5 最佳阻尼比計算 14
第三章 模型試驗 22
3-1 多方向TLCD設計 22
3-2 實驗儀器及設備 22
3-3 多方向TLCD阻尼比測試 23
3-3.1 五種不同孔口開度之阻尼比測試參數 24
3-3.2 五種不同孔口開度之阻尼比測試結果 24
3-4 結構模型設計 25
3-4.1 模型自然頻率分析 25
3-5 結構模型實驗參數設定 25
3-6 結構模型實驗步驟 26
3-6.1 位移值量測 26
3-6.2 加速度值量測 26
第四章 振動台實驗結果分析與討論 40
4-1 地表振動條件與波形頻譜分析 40
4-2 結構頂層之位移反應分析 40
4-2.1 結構在不同頻率之地表振幅0.25mm下之位移反應分析 41
4-2.2 結構在不同頻率之地表振幅0. 5mm下之位移反應分析 41
4-3 結構頂層之加速度反應分析 42
4-3.1 結構在不同頻率之地表振幅0.25mm下之加速度反應分析 42
4-3.2 結構在不同頻率之地表振幅0.5mm下之加速度反應分析 43
4-4 實驗結果討論 43
第五章 結論與建議 121
5-1 結論 121
5-2 建議 122
參考文獻 123
參考文獻 References
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3. Gao, H., Kwok, K.C.S., and Samali, B., (1997), “Optimization of Tuned Liquid Column Dampers,” Engineering Structures, Vol. 19, No. 6, pp. 476-486.
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8. Sadek, F., Mothraz, B., and Lew, H.S., (1998), “Single and Multiple Tuned Liquid Column Dampers for Seismic Applications,” Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vol. 27, pp. 439-463.
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