在環境變遷、棲地破壞、人為活動及汙染等因素，人為活動所帶下的威脅使鯨豚普遍面臨滅絕的危機，特別是棲息於河流和沿岸海域的小型鯨豚。中華白海豚（Sousa chinensis）是台灣稀有的海洋哺乳保育類動物，在過去研究中鮮少提及漁業捕獲量與鯨豚保育之相關性，故本研究將著重於漁業捕獲量對白海豚食餌資源之直接衝擊影響，並且進行相關的研究探討。本研究以漁業年報統計資料進行17年（1993年至2009年）間，台灣西部沿海六縣市（苗栗至台南）漁獲量變化的分析。參考國外學者研究，將中華白海豚食餌分為四大類：主要食餌魚類、次要食餌魚類、潛在食餌魚類與其他食餌魚類。
結果顯示，六縣市總漁獲捕撈產量呈不規則變化，但近幾年潛在食餌魚類與其他食餌魚類捕獲量有增加趨勢；主要食餌魚科受鲻科減少所影響產量呈下降趨勢；次要食餌魚科產量集中於1999年至2004年，且以鯛科為主要組成魚種；潛在食餌魚科方面，各魚科產量皆相當一致，因1994年虱目魚產量極高，導致主要組成魚種為虱目魚科。就中華白海豚分布顯示，北熱區食餌魚類以主要食餌魚類為主，其中以石首魚科與帶魚科為主；南熱區食餌魚類產量集中於1999年至2004年，組成呈不規則變化，以鲻科產量最高；非熱區-彰化食餌魚類產量逐年下降，以主要食餌魚類中之鲻科為主；非熱區-台南食餌魚類產量於2002年後，主要組成為其他食餌魚類。分析資料期間船艘數未明顯減少，但漁獲量卻逐年下降，顯示沿岸漁業資源逐年減少，對照於本研究對白海豚的食餌資源也產生衝擊。
本研究就漁獲量與食餌衝擊之議題，提出2項建議，（1）熱區管制制度須如何制定及落實；（2）增加漁業資源復育措施，以減少漁業行為對白海豚食餌的衝擊。而有效的整合漁業管理及保育作為將是未來趨勢，因此積極恢復沿岸漁業資源，減少漁業行為對白海豚食餌資源所帶來的衝擊，是不容忽視的一環。

Whales and dolphins, especially small cetaceans which inhabit rivers and coastal waters, are under the threats from environmental change, habitat destruction, and pollution. Since previous studies haven’t deeply explored the relationship between marine mammal conservation and fishery catches, in this study, we focused on the objective is on the correlation between fishery catches and feeding sources of Chinese white dolphin. About 17 years (1993-2009) of fish catch data from fishery annual reports in the six counties (from Miaoli to Tainan) along the western coast of Taiwan, was used as the data source of the meta-analysis, which set four major prey categories of Chinese white dolphin, i.e., primary prey fish, secondary prey fish, potential prey fish and other prey fish.
The study showed the following nine results. First of all, the change of total amount of fish production in six counties was changing irregularly；in recent years, the amount of potential prey fish and other prey fish catches were increasing. Secondly, the decline of primary prey fish was due to the reduced production of Mugilidae . Thirdly, the secondary prey fish catch formed the major catches during 1999-2004 while Sparidae species was the dominated species. The potential prey fish amount was consistent, except in 1994 when Chanidae production was extremely high, making it the major components species. In accordance with Chinese white dolphin distribution hot spot, north hot spot primary prey fish families were Sciaenidae and Trichiuridae. In addition, the amount of south hot spot was irregularly distributing during 1999-2004. For the non-hot spot in the Changhua’s coast, the prey fish production of Mugilidae was decreasing year by year and the non-hot spot in the Tainan’s coast, the prey fish was mainly composed of other prey fish after 2002. However, in these 17 years, the number of fishing vessels increased, yet the total catch decreased. This may imply that the coastal fishery resources is depleted.
The discussion on improvement about the fishery annual report and prey resources investigation were also made. At the last, we proposed two suggestions on the issues about hot spot management and enhancing fishery resources restoration.

中文摘要………………………………………………………………………………i
英文摘要………………………………………………………………………………ii
圖次……………………………………………………………………………………iii
表次……………………………………………………………………………………iv

第 一 章 前言………………………………………………………………………1
1.1鯨豚之生存危機………………………………………………………………1
1.2鯨豚保育與漁業衝擊減緩、調適……………………………………............4
1.3研究動機與目的………………………………………………………………5

第 二 章 材料方法………………………………………………………………7
2.1中華白海豚現況……………………………………………….......................7
2.1.1中華白海豚種類與生態………………………………………………7
2.1.2中華白海豚的分佈與棲地……………………………………………8
2.2食餌生態……………………………………………………………………...9
2.3台灣西海岸漁業活動與中華白海豚分佈熱區之關係…………..................12
2.4資料收集與分析…………………………………………………………….13
2.4.1漁業年報………………………………………………......................13
2.4.2漁業年報分析…………………………………………......................14
2.4.3養殖魚類之扣除方法…………………………………......................14
2.4.4漁獲產量比例分析……………………………………......................15

第 三 章 結果…………………………………………………………………..16
3.1全區食餌魚類總產量變化………………………………………………….16
3.1.1全區主要食餌產量變化……………………………………………..17
3.1.2全區次要食餌產量變化.…………………………………………….18
3.1.3全區潛在食餌產量變化……………………………………………..18
3.2北熱區食餌魚類產量變化………………………………………………….19
3.2.1北熱區主要食餌產量變化……………..............................................20
3.2.2北熱區次要食餌產量變化……………..............................................20
3.3南熱區食餌魚類產量變化………………………………………………….21
3.3.1南熱區主要食餌產量變化…………….............................................22
3.3.2南熱區次要食餌產量變化……………..............................................22
3.4非熱區食餌魚類產量變化-彰化…………………………………………...23
3.4.1非熱區主要食餌產量變化-彰化……………………………………24
3.4.2非熱區次要食餌產量變化-彰化……………………………………24
3.5非熱區食餌魚類產量變化-台南…………………………………...............25
3.5.1非熱區主要食餌產量變化-台南……………………………………26
3.5.2非熱區次要食餌產量變化-台南……………………………………26
3.6熱區與非熱區中鯔科與鯛科產量變化……………….................................27
3.7六縣市食餌魚種總產量與船艘數之關聯性……………….........................28

第 四 章 討論與建議…………………………………………………………29
4.1全區食餌魚類漁獲產量變化………………………………………………...29
4.2熱區與非熱區食餌魚類產量變化……………………………………...........31
4.3漁獲量調查與白海豚食餌資源之關聯性…………………………………..34
4.4中華白海豚食餌資源調查困難……………………………..........................35
4.5漁獲量與食餌衝擊之議題與建議…………………………..........................36

參考文獻……………………………………………………………………………...69
附錄…………………………………………………………………………………...76
附錄一、台灣中華白海豚歷年研究計畫、報告及論文…………………………...76
附錄二、中華白海豚食用魚科與分佈簡介………………………………………...79

圖1-1台灣人口族群分布……………………………………………………………39
圖2-1駝背豚屬 (Sousa)分布與分類地圖…………………………………………..40
圖2-2中華白海豚於台灣分布………………………………………………………41
圖3-1全區食餌魚類總產量變化……………………………………………………42
圖3-2全區主要食餌產量變化....................................................................................42
圖3-3全區次要食餌產量變化………………………………………………………43
圖3-4全區潛在食餌產量變化………………………………………........................43
圖3-5北熱區食餌魚類產量變化……………………………………………………44
圖3-6北熱區主要食餌產量變化…………………………………............................44
圖3-7北熱區次要食餌產量變化…………………………………............................45
圖3-8南熱區食餌魚類產量變化……………………………………………………45
圖3-9南熱區主要食餌產量變化…………………………………............................46
圖3-10南熱區次要食餌產量變化…………………………………………………..46
圖3-11非熱區食餌魚類產量變化-彰化…………………………………………….47
圖3-12非熱區主要食餌產量變化-彰化…………………….....................................47
圖3-13非熱區主要食餌產量變化-彰化…………………….....................................48
圖3-14非熱區食餌魚類產量變化-台南…………………………………………….48
圖3-15非熱區主要食餌產量變化-台南…………………………………………….49
圖3-16非熱區次要食餌產量變化-台南…………………………………………….49
圖3-17熱區與非熱區中鯔科產量變化情形………………………………………..50
圖3-18熱區與非熱區中鯛科產量變化情形………………………………………..50
圖3-19六縣市食餌魚種總產量與船艘數之關聯性………………………………..51
圖4-1台灣地區 (苗栗至台南六縣市)四大漁業生產量…………………………...52


表 次
表1-1小型鯨豚所受之威脅…………………………………………………………53
表1-2中華白海豚物種保育三層次所受衝擊與威脅項目…………………………54
表1-3減緩與調適措施之項目………………………………………………………55
表2-1中華白海豚族群量分布……………………………………………................56
表2-2中華白海豚的棲地偏好……………………………………………………....56
表2-3中華白海豚食餌魚科之分科別……………………………………………....57
表2-4 1993年至2009年苗栗至台南六縣市作業漁法…………………………….58
表2-5各養殖魚科之魚種………………………………………………………........59
表3-1全區食餌魚類總產量變化……………………………………………………60
表3-2全區主要食餌產量變化………………………………………………………60
表3-3全區次要食餌產量變化………………………………………………………60
表3-4全區潛在食餌產量變化………………………………………………………61
表3-5北熱區食餌魚類產量變化……………………………………........................61
表3-6北熱區主要食餌產量變化……………………………………………………61
表3-7北熱區次要食餌產量變化…………………………………............................62
表3-8南熱區食餌魚類產量變化................................................................................62
表3-9南熱區主要食餌產量變化……………………………………………………62
表3-10南熱區次要食餌產量變化…………………………………………………..63
表3-11非熱區食餌魚類產量變化-彰化…………………………………………….63
表3-12非熱區主要食餌產量變化-彰化…………………………………………….63
表3-13非熱區次要食餌產量變化-彰化…………………………………………….64
表3-14非熱區食餌魚類產量變化-台南…………………………………………….64
表3-15非熱區主要食餌產量變化-台南…………………………………………….64
表3-16非熱區次要食餌產量變化-台南…………………………………………….65

表3-17熱區與非熱區中鯔科產量變化情形………………………………………..65
表3-18熱區與非熱區中鯛科產量變化情形………………………………………..65
表3-19六縣市食餌魚種總產量與船艘數之關聯性………………………………..66
表4-1中華白海豚食餌魚類分析結果之情形……………………………………....67

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