Responsive image
博碩士論文 etd-0216105-231416 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0216105-231416
論文名稱
Title
影響R&D人員創新行為之因素探討
The Study of Innovative Behavior of R&D Personnel: The Joint Effect of Subordinate Personality Traits and Leadership Styles on Innovative Behavior
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
107
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2005-01-17
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2005-02-16
關鍵字
Keywords
創新行為、五大人格特質、交易型領導、轉換型領導
transformational leadership, Five Factor Model (Big Five), transactional leadership, Innovative behavior
統計
Statistics
本論文已被瀏覽 5837 次,被下載 6269
The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5837 times, has been downloaded 6269 times.
中文摘要
近年來,由於經濟體質的轉變,全球生產主力逐漸升級為知識與創新密集的產業,對於產品與技術變化快速的企業而言,技術優越性乃是競爭力的重要條件,因此研究發展部門可說是企業生存的命脈。而Person(1993)認為研究發展的效能來自於技術能力與良好的管理,因此如何提升研發人員的創新能力與創新行為愈顯重要。
本研究最主要的目的是要了解影響研發人員創新行為的因素,因此本研究探討了個人因素中的人格特質,及組織因素中之主管領導風格,與研發人員創新行為的相關性。本研究在人格特質上採用五大人格特質Big Five(情緒敏感型、外向型、開放學習型、親和型、認真盡責型)的架構,領導風格則採用轉換型領導與交易型領導型態。
研究結果顯示,影響研發人員創新行為的最主要的因素為個人的人格特質,主管的領導風格雖可激勵部屬的創新行為,但影響的程度則相對較小。在人格特質中以具有「開放學習型」之研發人員最具有創新行為,其次分別為「認真盡責型」與「外向型」等特質;而在領導風格中,又以「交易型」領導風格對部屬的創新行為的激勵效果較大。
Abstract
In recent years, because of the transition of global economic structure, competition between companies is changing toward knowledge management and innovation. Especially at the field of quickly changing product, the superiority of technology is always the key factor of competition. Today, R&D department is important in many companies. The efficiency of R&D not only depends on the ability of technology development but also on the skill of management. Therefore, innovative ability and R&D personnel behavior are important issues for companies.

This study focus on the relationship between the innovative behavior of R&D personnel and its influencing factors that include personality traits of subordinate and leadership style of supervisor. The purpose is explored what factors affect the R&D personnel’s innovative behavior. In addition, this study analyzes the influence of age, gender, education background, and etc., on innovative behavior. This study adopts Five Factor Model (Big Five) that includes Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness, Agreeableness on the personality traits. In addition, the leadership styles contain the transformational leadership and the transactional leadership.

Through a questionnaire survey, the following results are obtained:
For the two influent factors, personality traits generate more effect toward the R&D personnel’s innovative behavior than the leadership styles.
Among the personality traits, Openness to Experience has the most contribution to innovative behaviors. For the leadership styles, transactional leadership would better encourage subordinates to behave innovatively.
目次 Table of Contents
第一章 緒論
第一節 研究動機 1
第二節 研究目的 3
第三節 研究流程 4
第二章 文獻探討
第一節 創新行為 5
第二節 人格特質 19
第三節 領導理論 27
第三章 研究方法
第一節 理論架構 39
第二節 變數及操作性定義 40
第三節 研究假設 43
第四節 問卷設計 44
第五節 統計分析方法 48
第六節 研究對象 49
第四章 資料分析
第一節 敘述性統計 50
第二節 因素分析 54
第三節 信度分析 59
第四節 變異數分析 61
第五節 相關分析 67
第六節 迴歸分析 71
第七節 研究結果整理 77
第五章 結論與建議
第一節 研究結論 79
第二節 研究貢獻與管理意涵 84
第三節 研究限制與建議 86
參考文獻 88
附 錄 97
參考文獻 References
一、 中文部份
1. 王榮春(民 90),「部屬對主管領導行為知覺、相關情境因素二者與部屬對主管反應及工作行為的關係」,國立政治大學心理學系研究所碩士班碩士論文。
2. 江錦樺(民90),「人格特質與組織文化之適配性對工作績效之影響—以高科技F公司為例」,國立中央大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文。
3. 全永恕(民73),「人格變項與創造力之相關研究」,國立交通大學碩士論文。
4. 李信瑩(民92),「個人創造力、組織創新氣候與創新績效相關之研究」,國立中央大學企業管理研究所。
5. 林合懋(民 84),「學校主管與企業主管轉型領導之比較研究」,國立政治大學教育研究所碩士班碩士論文。
6. 林玫玫(民85),「領導風格對組織承諾之影響--以組織氣候及內外控為中介變項」,國立中正大學企業管理學系碩士班碩士論文。
7. 林慎培(民90),「管理才能、產業環境、企業特性與部門績效關係之探討」,國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文。
8. 林滿祝(民91),「交易式/轉換式領導風格對於員工態度之關聯性研究—以親信關係及員工人格特質為情境變項」,中原大學企業管理學系碩士論文。
9. 林維林(民 85),「轉換型、交易型領導行為與領導效能關係之研究—以台灣省政府建設廳為個案分析」,東海大學公共行政學系研究所碩士班碩士論文。
10. 林靜鈺(民 89),「企業主管領導型態、激勵語言對員工工作滿足之影響研究」,國立成功大學國際企業研究所碩士班碩士論文。
11. 吳靜吉、林合懋(民87),「轉型領導量表與交易領導量表的建立」,中國測驗學會測驗年刊45(2),p57-p88。
12. 洪仲豪(民87),「研究發展部門主管領導型態對新產品發展績效的影響」,國立交通大學管理科學研究所碩士論文。
13. 徐國宗(民75),「發揮R&D的功能」,現代管理月刊,48-49頁。
14. 周惠莉(民92),「五大人格特質、性別角色與轉換型領導關聯性之研究」,中原大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。
15. 范成榮(民 86),「領導型態、員工內外控取向對組織承諾之關係研究」,淡江大學管理科學研究所碩士班碩士論文。
16. 茹鴻英(民93),「組織特性與新產品發展過程對新產品開發績效之影響研究」,中原大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。
17. 黃雯蓉(民91),「組織特性與工作特性對員工創造力的影響-以行銷相關工作為例」,國立成功大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。
18. 曾婉芬(民92),「研發主管管理才能與部門績效之研究」,國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文。
19. 曾鴻祥(民92),「主管領導行為、情境因素與領導效能之研究」,義守大學管理研究所碩士論文。
20. 陳威岑(民92),「創新不確定性、核心能耐與創新策略對新產品績效影響之研究」,國立中央大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。
21. 許雅棣(民 90),「主管領導型態、員工人格特質、組織激勵制度與員工工作績效之相關性--以保險業務員為例」,國立東華大學企業管理學系研究所碩士班碩士論文。
22. 楊乃嵩(民89),「指導教授領導行為對研究生成就動機之影響~以中山大學為例」,國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所。
23. 姜禮華(民82),「民營製造業研發部門績效指標建立之研究」,國立台灣大學商學研究所碩士論文。
24. 簡文娟(民88),「組織創新氣候評鑑量表之建立-以高科技產業為實證對象」,中央大學人力資源管理所未出版碩士論文。
25. 簡嘉誠(民90),「領導風格型態、創造力人格特質搭配對組織承諾與創新績效影響關係之研究」,國立中央大學企業管理研究所碩士班碩士論文。
26. 劉美慧(民88),「不同創新類型下新產品發展階段跨部門互動之探討」。國立中央大學企業管理研究所。
27. 劉鶴龍(民84),「資訊電子產業科技人員與非科技人員創造力之研究」,國立政治大學科技管理研究所。
28. 翁明祥(民85),「技術密集產業技術創新過程及關鍵影響因素關係之研究」,輔仁管理評論,第3 卷第2 期。
29. 鄭臻妹(民90),「內外控人格特質、工作特性及工作績效之分析研究—以台灣高科技產業員工為例」,國立中央大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文。
30. 鄭勝泰(民91),「人格特質對工作績效影響之探討—以某運輸服務業之T 公司為例」,國立中央大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文。
31. 張智強(民87),「台灣企業資訊主管領導與決策風格對資訊人員工作滿意之影響」,國立中央大學資訊管理學系研究所碩士班碩士論文。
32. 張慶勳(民 85),「國小校長轉化、互易領導影響學校組織文化特性與組織效能之研究」,國立高雄師範大學教育學系研究所碩士班碩士論文。
33. 彭昌盛(民82),「轉換型領導理論及其運用之研究」,國立政治大學公共行政研究所論文。
34. 賴士葆(民79),「影響企業產品創新績效內部關鍵因素」,管理新思潮,初版,黃俊英等著,管拓文化事業公司,頁83-108。
35. 蔡欣嵐(民90),「工作特性、人格特質與工作滿意度之關係-以半導體業為例」,國立中央大學人力資源管理研究所。
36. 廖裕月(民 87),「國小校長轉化領導型式與領導效能之研究:以北部四縣市為例」,國立台北師範大學國民教育研究所碩士班碩士論文。
37. 廖川億(民84),「研究發團隊特性與創新績效關係之研究」,國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所。
38. 廖華立(民86),「創新團隊能力、工作滿足、組織承諾與創新績效的關係」,銘傳大學管理科學研究所。
39. 謝榮桂(民88),「高科技研發人員創造力人格評鑑表與系統之建立」,國立中央大學人力資源管理研究所。


二、 英文部份
1. Allport, G.W. (1961), “Pattern and Growth in Personality,” New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
2. Afuah, Allen (1998), “Innovation Management:Strategies, Implementation, and Profits,” New York:Oxford University Press.
3. Amabile, T. M. (1983), “The Social Psychology of Creativity,” New York: Springer-Verlag.
4. Amabile, T. M. and Gryskiewicz, S. S. (1987),”Creativity in the R&D laboratory”, Technical report no. 30, Center for Creative Leadership, Greensboro, NC.
5. Amabile, T. M. (1997), “Motivating Creativity in Organizations: On Doing What You Love and Loving What You Do”, California Management Review, 40(1),39-58.
6. Andrews, Jonlee and Daniel C. Smith (1996), “In Search of the Marketing Imagination:Factors Affecting the Creativity of Marketing Programs for Mature Products,” Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 33(May), 147-187.
7. BarrickM.R.,and Mount, M.K.(1991), “The Big-Five personality dimensions in job performance,” A meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology.44.pp.1-26
8. Bass, B.M. (1985), “Leadership and performance beyond expectations,” New York Free Press.
9. Bass, B. M. and Avolio, B.J. (1990), “Transformational leadership development:Manual for multifactor leadership questionnaire, Palo Alto, California,” Consulting Psychologists Press.
10. Bass, B.M. and Avolio, B.J. (1994), “Improving organizational effectiveness through transformational leadership,” CA : Sage.
11. Bass , B.M.and Avolio, B.J.(1993), “Transformational leadership: A response to critiques,” In M.M.Chemers, R.Avman. (Eds.), Leadership Theory and Research : Perspectives and Directions, San Diego, C.A: Academic Press.
12. Bass, B. M. (1998), “Transformational leadership: Industry, military, and educational impact,” Mahwah, NJ:Erlbaum.
13. Bass, B.M., Avolio, B.J., and Atwater, L. (1996), “The transformational and transactional leadership of men and women,” Applied Psychology, An International Review, 45, 6-34.
14. Basadur, M., Graen, G. B. and S. G. Green (1982),”Training in Creative Problem-Solving: Effects on Ideation and Problem Finding and Solving in an Industrial Research Organization,“ Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 30(1), 41-70.
15. Beng-Chong Lim and Robert E. Ployhart (2004), “Transformational Leadership: Relations to the Five-Factor Model and Team Performance in Typical and Maximum Contexts,” Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 89, No. 4, 610-621.
16. Bennis, W. and Nanus, B. (1985), “Leaders: The Strategies for Taking Charge,“ New York: Harper & Row
17. Bryman, A. (1992), “Charisma and Leadership in Organizations,” London Sage.
18. Bruns, J.M. (1978), “Leadership,” New York: Harper & Row
19. Brown, Mark G. and Sevenson, Raynold A. (1998), “Measuring R&D Productivity,” Research Technology Management, Nov-Dec, p.30-5.
20. Collier, D. W. (1977), “Measuring the Performance of R&D Departments,” Research Management, Vo.20, No.2, pp.30-34.
21. Costa, P. T. Jr. and McCrae, R. R. (1992), “Four ways five factors are basic,” Personality and Individual Differences. 13. p653-665.
22. Costa, P. T. Jr., McCrae, R. R. and Dye, D. A. (1991), “Facet scales for agreeableness and conscientiousness: Arevision of the NEO personality inventory,” Personality And Individual Differences. 12. pp.887-898.
23. Costa, P. T. Jr. and McCrae, R. R. (1992), “Revised NEO personality inventory (NEO-PI-R) and NEO five-factor inventory (NEO-FFI) Professional Manual,” Odessa, FL: PAR.
24. Carless, S. A. (1998), “Gender differences in transformational leadership: An examination of superior, leader and subordinate perspectives,” Sex Roles, 39, 887-902.
25. Cattell, R. B. (1943), “The description of personality: Basic trait into clusters,” Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology,38, pp.476~506
26. Donnel, S. and Hall, J. (1980), “Man and women as managers: A significant case of no significant difference,” Psychological Bulletin, 108, 233-256
27. Downtown, J. V. Rebel (1973), “Leadership: Commitment and charisma in the revolutionary process,” New York: Free Press.
28. D. Brent Smith and Paul J. Hanges (2001), “Personel Selection and the Five-Factor Model: Reexamining the Effects of Applicant’s Frame of Reference,” Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 86, No. 5, 304-315.
29. Den Hartog, D. N. and Van Muijen, J. J. and Koopman, P.L. (1997), ” Transactional versus transformational leadership: An analysis of the MLQ,” Journal of Occupational Psychology, Vol.70, 19-34.
30. Dienesch, R.M. and Liden, R.C. (1986), “Leader-member exchange model of leadership: A critique and further development,” Academy of Management Review, 618-634.
31. Drucker, Peter F. (1986), “Innovation and Entrepreneurship: Practice and Principles,” New York: Harper & Row Publishers, Inc.
32. Dubinsky, A.T., Yammarin, F.J., Jolson, M.A., and Spangler, W.D. (1995), “Transformational leadership: an initial investment in sale management,” Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, Vol.15, No.2, 17-31.
33. Douglas F. Cellar and Mark L. Miller and Dennis D. Doverspike and Jeffery D. Klawsky (1996), “Comparison of Factor Structures and Criterion-Related Validity Coefficients for Two Measures of Personality Based on the Five Factor Model,” Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 81, No. 6, 694-704.
34. Farris, George F. (1988), “Technical Leadership: Much Discussed but Little Understood,” Research Technology Management, Mar-Apr, p.12-16.
35. Fiedler, F.E. (1967), “A Theory of Leadership Effectiveness,” Mcgrow-Hill Book Co., New York.
36. Friedman, M. & Rosenman R. H. (1974), “Type A and Your Heart,” New York: Knoph.
37. Feldman, David Henry, Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, and Howard Gardner (1994), “Changing the World: A Framework for the Study of Creativity,” CT:Praeger Publishers
38. Geertz, C. (1983), “Reflections on the symbolics of power,” In C. Geertz (eds.), Local Knowledge. NY: Basic Books
39. Gardner, W.L., and Avolio, B. J. (1998), “The charismatic relationship: A dramaturgical perspective,” Academy of Management Review, 23, 32-58.
40. Gibson, C.B. (1995), “An investigation of gender differences in leadership across four countries,” Journal of International Business Studies, Vol.26 Issue 2, P255-280.
41. Hater, J.J. and Bass, B.M. (1988), “Supervisors’ evaluations and subordinates’ perceptions of transformational and transactional leadership,” Journal of Applied Psychology, 73, 695-702.
42. House. R. J. and Howell, J. M. (1992), “Personality and charismatic leadership,” Leadership Quarterly, 3, 81-108.
43. House, R.J., Spangles, W D. and Woycke, J. (1991), “Personality and charismatic in the U S. presidency: A psychological theory of leadership effectiveness,” Administrative Science Quarterly,36,364-396.
44. Hurley, Robert F. and G. Thomas M. Hult (1998), “Innovation, Market Orientation, and Organizational Learning: An Integration and Empirical Examination,” Journal of Marketing, Vol. 62(July), 42-54.
45. Hussey, David E. (1997), “Creativity, Innovation and Strategy,” The Innovation Challenge, edited by David Hussey, London: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
46. Jennifer M. George and Jing Zhou (2001), “When Openness to Experience and Conscientiousness Are Related to Creative Behavior: An Interactional Approach,” Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 86, No. 3, 513-524.
47. Jesus F. Salgado (1997), “The Five Factor Model of Personality and Job Performance in the European Community,” Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 82, No.1, 30-43.
48. Jing Zhou (2003), “When the Presence of Creative Coworkers Is Related to Creativity: Role of Supervisor Close Monitoring, Developmental Feedback, and Creativity Personality,” Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 88, No. 3, 413-422.
49. Keller, R., Kedia, B. and Julian, S. (1995), “R&D team productivity in eastern and western European countries,” European Management Journal, 13(3), 316-321.
50. Kim, W. Chan and Renee Mauborgne (1997), “Value Innovation: The Strategic Logic of High Growth,” Harvard Business Review, January-February, 103-112.
51. McCrae, RR.& Costa, PT Jr. (1987), “Validation of the five-factor modelof personality across instruments and observers,” Journal of Personality&Social Psychology, Vol. 52, pp.81-90.
52. Mohan Thite (2000), “Leadership styles in information technology projects,” International Journal of Project Management, 18, 235-241.
53. Moser, M. R. (1985), “Measuring Performance in R&D Settings,” Research Management, Vol. 28, No. 5, pp.31-33.
54. Mumford, Michael D. and Sigrid B. Gustafson (1988), “Creativity Syndrome: Integration, Application, and Innovation,” Psychological Bulletin, Vol.103 (January), 27-44.
55. Pappas, R. A. and Remer, D. S.(1985), “Measuring R&D Productivity,” Research Management, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp.15-22.
56. Pinto, Jeffrey K. and Slevin, Dennis P. (1989), “Critical Success Factors in R&D Projects,” Research Technology Management, Jan-Feb, p.31-35.
57. Podsakoff, P.M., Mackenzie, S.B., Moorman, R.H., and Fetter, R. (1990), “Transformational Leader Behaviors and Their Effects on Trust, Satisfaction and Organizational Citizenship Behavior,” Leadership Quarterly, Vol.1, 107-142.
58. Podsakoff, P.M., & Mackenzie, S.B., and Bommer, W.H. (1996), “Transformational Leader Behaviors and Substitutes to Leadership as Determinants of Employee Satisfaction, Commitment, Trust, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior,” Journal of Management, Vol.22, No.2, 259-298.
59. Remus Ilies and Timothy A. Judge (2003), “On the Heritability of Job Satisfaction: The Mediating Role of Personality,” Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 88, No. 4, 750-759.
60. Robinson, Alan G. and Sam Stern (1997), “Corporate Creativity: How Innovation and Improvement Actually Happen,” SF:Berrett-Koehler Publishers,Inc.
61. Robert T. Keller (1992), “Transformational Leadership and the Performance of Reasearch and Development Project Groups,” Journal of Management, Vol. 18, No. 3, 489-501.
62. Ross, S. and Offermann L. (1997), “Transformational Leaders:Measurement of Attributes and Work Group Performance,” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol.23, No.10, 1078-1086.
63. Runco, Mark A. and Herbert J. Walberg (1998), “Personal Explicit Theories of Creativity,” The Journal of Creative Behavior, Vol. 32(1), 1-17.
64. Scott B. Mackenzie and Philip M. Podsakoff and Gregory A. Rich (2001), “Transformational and Transactional Leadership and Salesperson Performance,” Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 29, No. 2, 115-134.
65. Scott, S.G. and Bruce, R.A.(1994), “Determinants of innovative behavior : A path model of individual innovation in workplace,” Academy of Management Journal, 37(3), 580-607.
66. Simpson, Barbara (2002), “The Knowledge Needs of Innovating Organisations,” Singapore Management Review,Vol24,No.3,p.52-55.
67. Sternberg and Lubart, T. L. (1996), “ Investing in Creativity,” American Psychologist. Vol. 51(7), 77-688.
68. Susanne G. Scott and Reginald A. Bruce(1998), “Following the Leader in R&D: The Joint Effect of Subordinate Problem-Solving Style and Leader-Member Relations on Innovative Behavior,” IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. 45, No.1
69. Timothy A. Jugde and Joyce E. Bono (2000), “Five-Factor Model of Personality and Transformational Leadership,” Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 85, No. 5, 751-765.
70. Timothy A. Judge and Daniel Heller and Michael K. Mount (2002), “Five-Factor Model of Personality and Job Satisfaction: A Meta-Analysis,” Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 87, No. 3, 530-541.
71. Timothy A. Judge and Remus Ilies (2002), “Relationship of Personality to Performance Motivation: Ameta-Analytic Review,” Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 87, No. 4, 797-807.
72. Timothy A. Judge and Remus Ilies and Joyce E. Bono and Megan W. Gerhardt (2002), “Personality and Leadership: A Qualitative and Quantitative Review,” Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 87, No. 4, 765-780.
73. Timothy A. Judge and Joseph J. Martocchio (1997), “Five-Factor Model of Personality and Employee Absence,” Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 82, No. 5, 745-755.
74. Tichy, N. M. and DeVanna, M. A. (1985), “The transformational leader,” Training and Development Journal, July,pp.27-32.
75. Wayne A. Hochwarter and L. A. Witt (2000), “Perceptions of Organizational Politics as a Moderator of the Relationship Between Conscientiousness and Job Performance,” Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 85, No. 3, 472-478.
76. Woodman, Richard W., John E. Sawyer and Ricky W. Griffin (1993) , “Toward a Theory of Organizational Creativity,” Academy of Management Review, Vol. 18(April), 293-322.
77. Yukl, G. (1994), “Leadership in Organizations (3rd. ed.),” Englewood Cliffs NJ: Prentice-Hall
電子全文 Fulltext
本電子全文僅授權使用者為學術研究之目的,進行個人非營利性質之檢索、閱讀、列印。請遵守中華民國著作權法之相關規定,切勿任意重製、散佈、改作、轉貼、播送,以免觸法。
論文使用權限 Thesis access permission:校內外都一年後公開 withheld
開放時間 Available:
校內 Campus: 已公開 available
校外 Off-campus: 已公開 available


紙本論文 Printed copies
紙本論文的公開資訊在102學年度以後相對較為完整。如果需要查詢101學年度以前的紙本論文公開資訊,請聯繫圖資處紙本論文服務櫃台。如有不便之處敬請見諒。
開放時間 available 已公開 available

QR Code