本研究探討澎湖潮間帶兩種常見海綿Spongia ceylonensis (Spongiidae)和Tedania klausi (Tedaniidae)的濾食效率，期能運用於養殖或環境研究上；實驗方式是以水產養殖常用的四種養殖微藻Tetraselmis chui (周氏扁藻，8-16μm)、Chaetoceros muelleri (牟氏角毛藻，6-9μm) 、Isochrysis galbana (等鞭金藻，3-7μm)和Nannochloropsis oculata (擬球藻，2-5μm) 活藻和乾燥藻粉進行，濾食效率主要就清除率 (Clearance rate)進行評估。兩種海綿的清除率受濃度、藻種與藻類狀態（活藻或藻粉）影響表現出選擇性濾食，濾食90 分鐘後， T. klausi 對N. oculata濃度107 cells ml-1 的藻粉清除率為71 ml h-1 gDW-1，S. ceylonensis 在此濃度下對N. oculata 藻粉無濾食動作；在藻類濃度106 cells ml-1 時，S. ceylonensis 對I.galbana 活藻的清除率為538 ml h-1 gDW-1，高於T. klausi 的11 ml h-1 gDW-1；在藻類濃度105 cells ml-1 時，T. klausi 對T. chui 活藻的保留率高達431 ml h-1gDW-1，S. ceylonensis 則只有23 ml h-1 gDW-1；藻類濃度104 cells ml-1 下，S.ceylonensis 對T. chui 活藻的清除率為532 ml h-1 gDW-1，T. klausi 的清除率則為315 ml h-1 gDW-1；本研究顯示兩種海綿對四種藻類在不同濃度下，會對不同的藻類做選擇性濾食，且海綿對於活藻的清除率高於藻粉。雖然藻粉之濾食效率較活藻低，在考量藻粉的經濟效益以及無時效性之優勢下，未來應用於海綿養殖 (如浴用海綿) 仍有潛力。

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the filtration efficiency of the bath sponge Spongia ceylonensis (Spongiidae) and fire sponge Tedania klausi (Tedaniidae) collected from Penghu. In the feeding experiements, live and algal powder of Tetraselmis chui (8-16μm), Chaetoceros muelleri (6-9μm), Isochrysis galbana (3-7μm) and Nannochloropsis oculata (2-5μm) were used to determine the clearance rate of sponges. Sponges S. ceylonensis and T. klausi showed selective feeding under various algal species, concentrations and conditions (live algae or powders). After 90 minutes, the clearance rate of T. klausi fed on N. oculata powder was 71 ml h-1 gDW-1 at algal concentration of 107 cells ml-1, but S. ceylonensis didn’t feed at the same concentration. At 106 cells ml-1 concentrations, the clearance rate of S. ceylonensis fed on live I. galbana was 538 ml h-1 gDW-1 which was higher than T. klausi, i.e. 11 ml h-1 gDW-1. At 105 cells ml-1 concentrations, the clearance rate of T. klausi fed on live T. chui was 431 ml h-1 gDW-1 which was higher than S. ceylonensis, i.e. 23 ml h-1 gDW-1. At 104 cells ml-1 concentrations, S. ceylonensis fed on live T. chui with clearance rate 532 ml h-1 gDW-1, and T. klausi was 315 ml h-1 gDW-1. The results showed differential clearance rates of sponges depend on sponge species, algal species, concentrations and conditions (live or powder). In gerneral, sponge clearance rate is higher when feeds on live algae than algal powders. Although the filtration efficiency of algal powders is low, the advantage of low cost and high accessibility still make algal powder highly competitive in sponge aquaculture industry.

圖次 頁碼
謝辭 I
中文摘要 II
英文摘要 III
目錄 V
表目錄 VI
圖目錄 VII
附錄目錄 VIII
前言 1
實驗材料與方法 5
結果 9
討論 13
參考文獻 18
表 25
圖 40
附錄 60
表目錄
圖次 頁碼
表一、四種常見微藻形質分類表 25
表二、海綿Spongia ceylonensis 和Tedania klausi 體積及乾重表 26
表三、海綿Spongia ceylonensis 濾食藻類之保留率單因子變異數分析表 27
表四、海綿Tedania klausi 濾食藻類之保留率單因子變異數分析表 28
表五、海綿Spongia ceylonensis 濾食各種藻類不同濃度之保留率單因子變異數分析表 29
表六、海綿Tedania klausi 濾食各種藻類不同濃度之保留率單因子變異數分析表 31
表七、海綿Spongia ceylonensis 濾食藻類之清除率單因子變異數分析表 33
表八、海綿Tedania klausi 濾食藻類之清除率單因子變異數分析表 34
表九、海綿S. ceylonensis 和T. klausi 對不同藻類不同濃度濾食90 分鐘的保留率一覽表 35
表十、海綿S. ceylonensis 和T. klausi 對不同藻類不同濃度濾食90 分鐘的清除率一覽表 36
表十一、微藻營養成分比較表 37
表十二、海綿濾食效率一覽表 38
表十三、二枚貝濾食效率一覽表 39

圖目錄
圖一、澎湖潮間帶常見的海綿 40
圖二、濾食實驗使用的四種微藻 41
圖三、濾食等鞭金藻活藻之濃度變化圖 42
圖四、葉綠素a 和藻水濃度線性關係圖 43
圖五、海綿S. ceylonensis 和T. klausi 乾重和體積關係圖 44
圖六、海綿濾食周氏扁藻活藻之濃度變化 45
圖七、海綿濾食周氏扁藻藻粉之濃度變化圖 46
圖八、海綿濾食牟氏角毛藻藻粉之濃度變化圖 47
圖九、海綿濾食等鞭金藻活藻之濃度變化圖 48
圖十、海綿濾食等鞭金藻藻粉之濃度變化圖 49
圖十一、海綿濾食擬球藻藻粉之濃度變化圖 50
圖十二、海綿S. ceylonensis 濾食不同藻類的保留率比較圖 51
圖十三、海綿T. klausis 濾食不同藻類的保留率比較圖 52
圖十四、海綿S. ceylonensis 濾食各種藻類不同濃度不同時間之保留率比較圖 53
圖十五、海綿T. klausis 濾食各種藻類不同濃度不同時間之保留率比較圖 54
圖十六、海綿S. ceylonensis 在不同濃度下濾食不同藻類的清除率 55
圖十七、海綿S. ceylonensis 濾食不同藻類的清除率比圖 56
圖十八、海綿T. klausi 在不同濃度下濾食不同藻類的清率 57
圖十九、海綿T. klausis 濾食不同藻類的清除率比圖 58
圖二十、海綿S. ceylonensis 與T. klausi 在不同濃度不同時間對藻類的清除率比較圖 59

附錄目錄
附錄一、 海綿S. ceylonesis 的切割及復原外形變化圖 60
附錄二、海綿攝食實驗周氏扁藻濃度時序變化表 61
附錄三、海綿攝食實驗牟氏角毛藻濃度時序變化表 62
附錄四、海綿攝食實驗等鞭金藻濃度時序變化表 63
附錄五、海綿攝食實驗擬球藻濃度時序變化表 64

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