本研究主要針對美國二十世紀作曲家奈德．羅倫(Ned Rorem, 1923-)的聲樂室內樂作品《愛麗兒》(Ariel)進行樂曲分析與詮釋探討。這部作品是一九七一年羅倫接受美國知名女高音好友菲莉絲．柯亭(Phyllis Curtin, 1921-)的委託，寫給女高音、豎笛、與鋼琴組合的聲樂室內樂。他擷取二十世紀美國女詩人希爾維亞．普拉絲(Sylvia Plath, 1932-1963)的《愛麗兒》(Ariel)同名詩集中其中的五首詩作來譜寫。配合詩詞與詩人的人生經歷，羅倫以多樣的寫作手法，深刻呈現出詩人面對丈夫外遇的無奈心境與詩中的死亡意涵。
本文包含了五大部分的論述：一、作曲家奈德．羅倫的生平，二、羅倫與其藝術歌曲，三、詩人希爾維亞．普拉絲的生平，四、《愛麗兒》聲樂室內樂作品的創作背景，五、《愛麗兒》詩詞與樂曲分析及其詮釋。希冀透過對《愛麗兒》這組作品的研究，幫助讀者深入了解羅倫的這部作品，並提供演唱上的詮釋建議。

This study focuses on analyzing and discussing the interpretation of the vocal chamber music Ariel by the 20th century American composer Ned Rorem. (1923-)
In 1971, Rorem was commissioned to compose a vocal chamber music for soprano, clarinet and piano by one of his good friend, an American well-known soprano, Phyllis Curtin(1921) . He picked up five pieces of works from the anthology, Ariel, of Sylvia Plath(1932-1963), the American female poet, for this composition. With a tie-in of Plath’s poems and the poetry’s life experience, Rorem used various musical language to reveal the sorrow and frustration in the mind of a woman whose husband has affair, and also the ideology of death in these poems .
This essay consists of five parts: 1. Composer Ned Rorem’s life, 2. Rorem and his art songs, 3. Poet Sylvia Plath's life, 4. The composed background of the vocal chamber music, Ariel, 5. Analysis and interpretations of the five lyrics and songs of Ariel. Through my study of Ned Rorem’s Ariel, I hope to assist the readers having a better understanding to this work, as well as providing useful ideas for the interpreta-tion.

目 次

論文審定書 ⅰ
中文摘要 ⅱ
英文摘要 ⅲ
目次 ⅳ
前言 1
一、作曲家奈德．羅倫的生平 4
二、奈德．羅倫與其藝術歌曲 10
三、詩人希爾維亞．普拉絲的生平 15
四、《愛麗兒》聲樂室內樂作品的創作背景 19
五、《愛麗兒》詩詞與樂曲分析及其詮釋
1.〈言詞〉 (Words) 21
2.〈七月的罌粟花〉 (Poppies in July) 29
3.〈倒吊人〉(The Hanging Man) 34
4.〈十月的罌粟花〉(Poppies in October) 41
5.〈拉撒路女士〉(Lady Lazarus) 47
結語 59

參考文獻 62
附錄一：《愛麗兒》聲樂室內樂作品歌詞中英對照 70
附錄二：周姵吟碩士學位畢業音樂會節目單 77
附錄三：周姵吟碩士學位解說音樂會節目單 79

參考文獻
西文
Bassnett, Susan. Sylvia Plath : An Introduction to The Poetry. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.
Bloom, Harold. Sylvia Plath. New York : Chelsea House Publishers, 1989.
Claflin, Beverly Hubbard. “ A Musical Analysis and Poetic Interpretation of Ned Rorem’s Ariel.” D. M. A., Arizona State University, 1987.
Friedberg, Ruth C. American Art song and American Poetry. Metuchen : Scarecrow Press, 1981.
Gann, Kyle. American Music in The Twentieth Century. Victoria: Cengage Learning, 2006.
Holmes, Leslie M. “ A Conversation with Ned Rorem, Part 1.” Journal of Singing 58, No.5 (2002): 443-47.
“ A Conversation with Ned Rorem, Part 2.” Journal of Singing 59, No.2 (2002): 171-73.
Johnson, Bret. “ Still Sings the Voice: A Portrait of Ned Rorem.” Tempo, No.153 (Jun., 1985): 7-12.
Kimball, Carol. Song: A Guide to Art Song Style and Literature. Milwaukee: Hal Leonard Corporation, 2006.
Lightner, Helen. Class Voice and the American Art Song : a source book and anthology. Metuchen: Scarecrow Press, 1991.
Malcolm, Janet. The Silent Woman : Sylvia Plath & Ted Hughes. New York: Vintage, 1995.
Miller, Philip Lieson. “ The Songs of Ned Rorem.” Tempo, New Series, No.127 (Dec., 1978): 25-31.
Perle, George. Serial Composition and Atonality : an introduction to the music of Schoenberg, Berg, and Webern. California: University of California Press, 1991.
Plath, Sylvia. Letters Home : Correspondence, 1950-1963. Aurelia Schober Plath ed. New York: Harper & Row, 1975.
The Collected Poems. Ted Hughes ed. New York: Harper & Row, 1981.
Ariel . New York : Perennial Library, 1965.
Ariel . London : Faber and Faber, 1965.
Johnny Panic and the Bible of Dreams : and other prose writings. London : Faber and Faber, 1979.
The Journals of Sylvia Plath. Ted Hughes ed. New York : Ballantine Books, 1983.
The Unabridged Journals of Sylvia Plath 1950-1962. Karen V. Kukil ed. New York: Anchor Books, 2000.
Van Dyne, Susan R. Revising Life : Sylvia Plath's Ariel Poems. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1993.
Rahn, John. Basic Atonal Theory. New York: Schirmer Books, 1987.
Rorem, Ned. Setting the Tone : Essays and A Diary. New York: Coward-McCann, 1983.
Setting the Score : Essays on Music. San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1988.
Lies: A Diary, 1986-1999. Cambridge: Da Capo Press, 2002.
Wings of Friendship: Selected Letters, 1944-2003. California: Shoemaker Hoard, 2005.
Facing the Night: A Diary, 1999-2005 and Musical Writings. California: Shoemaker Hoard, 2006.
A Ned Rorem Reader. London: Yale University Press, 2001.
The Later Diaries of Ned Rorem: 1961-1972. Cambridge: Da Capo Press, 2000.
The Paris Diary and The New York: 1951-1961. New York: Da Capo Press, 1998.
“ Why I Write as I Do.” Tempo, No.109 (Jun., 1974): 38-40.
Nantucket Diary of Ned Rorem: 1973-1985. San Francisco: North Point Press, 1987.
Stevenson, Anne. Bitter fame : A Life of Sylvia Plath. Lucas Myers ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1989.
Uroff, M. D.. “ Sylvia Plath and Confesstional Poetry: A Reconsideration.” Iowa Review 8, No.1(1977): 104-15.
Villamil, Victoria Etnier. A Singer's Guide to The American Art Song, 1870-1980. Maryland: Scarecrow Press, 2004.
Wagner, Erica. Ariel’s Gift: Ted Hughes, Sylvia Plath, and the Story of Birthday Letters. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2002.
Wagner-Martin, Linda . Sylvia Plath : A Biography. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1987.
樂譜
Rorem, Ned. Ariel. New York: Boosey & Hawkes, 1974.
中文參考文獻
席爾維拉．普拉斯（Sylvia Plath）。《瓶中美人》（The Bell Jar）。鄭至慧譯。台北市：先覺，1999。
艾爾．艾佛瑞茲（Al Alvarez）。《野蠻的上帝－自殺的人文研究》（The Savage God: A Study of Suicide）。王慶蘋等譯。台北市：心靈工坊文化事業股份有限公司，2005。
凱特．摩絲（Kate Moss）。《冬日將盡》（Wintering）。何穎怡譯。台北市：天培文化，2005。
高東山。《英詩格律與賞析》。台北市：台灣商務，1991。
朱乃長編譯。《英詩十三味》(Enjoying Poetry)。台北市：書林出版股份有限公司，2009。
影音資源
Rorem, Ned. Ariel．Gloria．King Midas. Phyllis Curtin, Joseph Rabbai, Ryan Edwards, Helen Vanni, Ned Rorem, John Stewart, Sandra Walker, Anne Schein. PHCD 126. 1995. Compact disc.
Rorem, Ned. Songs and Cycles. Laura Aikin, Donald Sulzen, Nicola Jurgensen, Gerhard Zank. Orfeo C 620 041 A. 2004. Compact disc. Orginally recorded in 2003.